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The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Jun 1981
Topics: Ear Ossicles; Humans; Incus; Ligaments, Articular; Malleus; Muscle Contraction; Tympanic Membrane
PubMed: 7252336
DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100091118 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Aug 1976This survey was carried out to evaluate techniques in current use for the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media. Part I concerns the incidence of... (Review)
Review
This survey was carried out to evaluate techniques in current use for the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media. Part I concerns the incidence of cholesteatomatous complications following combined approach tympanoplasty (CAT). Residual and Recurrent cholesteatoma occurred much more frequently than had been expected or reported elsewhere. Although the incidence of Recurrent cholesteatoma has been markedly reduced by technical modifications, Residual cholesteatoma was discovered inadvertently in one out of every seven previously cholesteatomatous ears in which a second operation for ossicular reconstruction was performed. In at least one-third the disease had been left in the epitympanum. Although many cholesteatomatous cysts might lie dormant for years, and possibly never give rise to serious consequences, it can no longer be claimed that CAT provides a satisfactory means of eradicating cholesteatoma unless re-exploration operations were continued until eventually the tubotympanic cleft could be shown free of cholesteatoma.
Topics: Animals; Cholesteatoma; Cochlea; Deafness; Ear Diseases; Ear Ossicles; Follow-Up Studies; Graft Rejection; Humans; Myringoplasty; Postoperative Complications; Stapes Surgery; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Homologous; Tympanoplasty
PubMed: 784887
DOI: No ID Found -
Hearing Research Jan 2023The time delay and/or malfunctioning of the Eustachian tube may cause pressure differences across the tympanic membrane, resulting in quasi-static movements of the... (Review)
Review
The time delay and/or malfunctioning of the Eustachian tube may cause pressure differences across the tympanic membrane, resulting in quasi-static movements of the middle-ear ossicles. While quasi-static displacements of the human middle-ear ossicles have been measured one- or two-dimensionally in previous studies, this study presents an approach to trace three-dimensional movements of the human middle-ear ossicles under static pressure loads in the ear canal (EC). The three-dimensional quasi-static movements of the middle-ear ossicles were measured using a custom-made stereo camera system. Two cameras were assembled with a relative angle of 7° and then mounted onto a robot arm. Red fluorescent beads of a 106-125 µm diameter were placed on the middle-ear ossicles, and quasi-static position changes of the fluorescent beads under static pressure loads were traced by the stereo camera system. All the position changes of the ossicles were registered to the anatomical intrinsic frame based on the stapes footplate, which was obtained from µ-CT imaging. Under negative ear-canal pressures, a rotational movement around the anterior-posterior axis was dominant for the malleus-incus complex, with small relative movements between the two ossicles. The stapes showed translation toward the lateral direction and rotation around the long axis of the stapes footplate. Under positive EC pressures, relative motion between the malleus and the incus at the IMJ became larger, reducing movements of the incus and stapes considerably and thus performing a protection function for the inner-ear structures. Three-dimensional tracing of the middle-ear ossicular chain provides a better understanding of the protection function of the human middle ear under static pressured loads as immediate responses without time delay.
Topics: Humans; Ear, Middle; Ear Ossicles; Incus; Stapes; Rotation
PubMed: 36462376
DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108651 -
Biological Trace Element Research 1997To elucidate age-related changes of mineral contents in human bones, element contents of human vertebrae and auditory ossicles were determined by inductively coupled...
To elucidate age-related changes of mineral contents in human bones, element contents of human vertebrae and auditory ossicles were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry. The cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae were removed from 12 vertebral columns. The mallei of auditory ossicle were removed from 27 cadavers. It was found that average relative contents (RCs) of calcium and phosphorus in cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae remained almost constant within ages ranging from 46 to 99 y. In addition, it was found that the RCs of calcium and phosphorus in men's and women's mallei remained constant within ages ranging from 40 to 98 yr. These results support the view that there is no significant age-dependent change of mineral contents in human bones.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Calcium; Ear Ossicles; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphorus; Spine
PubMed: 9522059
DOI: 10.1007/BF02783242 -
Behavioural Brain Research Feb 1993Binaural and monaural ossicle ablation in neonate rats before the time of onset of auditory input resulted in hearing deficits as detected by behavioural responses to...
Binaural and monaural ossicle ablation in neonate rats before the time of onset of auditory input resulted in hearing deficits as detected by behavioural responses to sound stimuli in these rats as young adults. Cochlear disruption at the same neonatal age similarly resulted in the absence of startle reflexes in many of the rats. When the middle and inner ears of the rats were analysed postmortem in serial sections, it was observed that most ears after neonatal ossicle ablation contained only small remnants of the malleus-incus unit, separated from the stapes; in other ears an apparent continuity of ossicles had been restored. The rats with blind-ending ear canals and ossicle atrophy were those that had shown little response to sound stimuli. In the cochlear-disrupted rats, those with modiolar damage and loss of most spiral ganglion cells had shown substantial impairment of sound perception, even in some rats with only monaural modiolar loss. The chronic conduction deficit caused by neonatal ossicle removal did not result in detectable differences in relative cytochrome oxidase activity in the dorsal cochlear nuclei and central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. For monaurally ossicle-ablated rats, quantitation of the average intensity of enzyme reaction product in sections of dorsal or ventral cochlear nuclei, or central nucleus, did not reveal a difference between operated and non-operated sides. However, in binaurally ossicle-ablated rats, the relative enzyme activity in the anteroventral cochlear nuclei was reduced in comparison to this nucleus in control rats. The volume of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus in rats that had had neonatal binaural cochlear disruption was reduced relative to the volume in control rats or in rats that had had binaural ossicle ablation (P < 0.001); the latter procedure did not result in a statistically significant difference from controls in AVCN volume. In cochlear-operated rats with monaural modiolar damage, the AVCN contralateral to the damaged cochlea had a lower mean level of cytochrome oxidase activity in its neurons measured individually than that for neurons in the ipsilateral AVCN. These results suggested the importance during development of input from contralateral cochlear neurons.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Brain Stem; Cochlea; Densitometry; Ear Ossicles; Ear, External; Ear, Middle; Electron Transport Complex IV; Female; Hearing; Histocytochemistry; Male; Paraffin Embedding; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex, Startle
PubMed: 8385469
DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(05)80267-0 -
Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia Jan 2021The present paper deals with a detailed description of the auditory ossicles in Capra hircus. The paper focuses on the morphological and morphometrical description of...
The present paper deals with a detailed description of the auditory ossicles in Capra hircus. The paper focuses on the morphological and morphometrical description of the ossicular assembly, formed by malleus, incus and stapes. The malleus (overall length, as average- 8.16 mm) comprises the head of malleus (Caput mallei), a slightly strictured part-neck (Collum mallei) with 3 distinctive processes (lateral, rostral and muscular) (Processus lateralis, Processus rostralis and Processus muscularis) and a handle (Manubrium mallei). The head of malleus has an oval aspect with an obtuse articular surface on its medial surface (Facies articularis). The neck is evident with three bony processes described-the anterior, almost triangular, the muscular one quite reduced and the lateral one which is the most developed one. The manubrium is the longest sector-4.4 mm and appears as a slightly curved piece. The incus presents a body of 1.3 mm and two processes-the short and long crus (Crus breve and Crus longum). The overall shape of the ossicle resembles a biradicular molar. The lenticular process is a continuation of the distal part of the long crus. The stapes-the smallest in size of the three ossicles (2.7 mm), has a head (Caput stapedis), an anterior (Crus rostrale) and a caudal (Crus caudale) arm and a footplate (Basis stapedis). The two processes are slightly different in size and morphology, delimiting the intercrural space that shows the presence of a bony spicule. The footplate (1.6 mm area) is ellipsoidal, with an anterior narrower extremity.
Topics: Animals; Ear Ossicles; Goats
PubMed: 32946143
DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12617 -
European Archives of... Mar 2012The objective of this study was to assess whether denudation of the auditory ossicle prior to the application of glass ionomer cement (GIC) durably strengthens the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The objective of this study was to assess whether denudation of the auditory ossicle prior to the application of glass ionomer cement (GIC) durably strengthens the adhesion between bone and GIC. The tympanic bullas of 34 rabbits were opened bilaterally. The mucosa was removed from the lateral surface of the right-side incudi with a diamond burr, while the left-side incudi were left intact. GIC was then applied bilaterally to the lateral surface of the incudi of 30 of these rabbits which were subsequently killed 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90, 180 or 365 days postoperatively. The 4 sham-operated animals were killed on day 1, 7, 30 or 365. The incudi were removed and processed for histological evaluation. On exploration, the cement was visible on the incus within the tympanic bulla in all 30 GIC-treated animals. During surgical removal, the GIC was separated from the incus in 3 ears. Histological examination further revealed separation in 5 ears after processing. All 8 separations occurred in the right (not denuded) ears, and at least 60 days postoperatively. The difference between the two sides in the number of separations was significant (p < 0.05). The initial inflammatory reaction elicited by the surgical trauma to the right-side ossicles had substantially decreased by day 7. No foreign body reaction was observed and the GIC became overgrown with mucosa by day 60. In conclusion, the GIC proved biocompatible, and preliminary denudation of the ossicle resulted in stronger and more durable bone-GIC adhesion.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Ear Ossicles; Follow-Up Studies; Foreign-Body Reaction; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Postoperative Complications; Rabbits; Stapes Surgery
PubMed: 21814730
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-011-1735-3 -
Pediatric Radiology Oct 2007Duplication of the internal auditory canal is an extremely rare temporal bone anomaly that is believed to result from aplasia or hypoplasia of the vestibulocochlear... (Review)
Review
Duplication of the internal auditory canal is an extremely rare temporal bone anomaly that is believed to result from aplasia or hypoplasia of the vestibulocochlear nerve. We report bilateral duplication of the internal auditory canal in a 28-month-old boy with developmental delay and sensorineural hearing loss.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Ear Ossicles; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Temporal Bone; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 17704912
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-007-0570-6 -
Hearing Research Jul 1999The paper first reviews our present understanding of the functional morphology of the odontocete (toothed whale) ear. The tympano-periotic complex forming the ear region... (Review)
Review
The paper first reviews our present understanding of the functional morphology of the odontocete (toothed whale) ear. The tympano-periotic complex forming the ear region consists of a ventral bowl-shaped tympanic bone in direct contact with the surrounding soft tissues and the incident sound, and a dorsal periotic bone containing the inner ear. Apparently sound brings the tympanic bone, and especially its thin tympanic plate, into vibration. The ossicles in the air-filled middle ear cavity form a bridge from the tympanic plate to the periotic bone connecting the vibrating plate to the oval window and the inner ear. Our computer tomography (CT) sections and camera lucida drawings reveal two hitherto unknown features of the odontocete ear, both of them of potential relevance to sound reception and impedance matching. (1) It is well known that, in addition to the ossicular chain, two other bone structures connect the tympanic to the periotic bone. We show that the most delicate parts of these extra-ossicular connections consist of thin and folded bony sheets which apparently allow compliance in the tympano-periotic bone contacts and enable plate vibration in relation to the periotic bone. (2) The round head of the malleus, in combination with a fitting round depression on the periotic side, seems to form a joint. We propose that this (hypothetical) joint, together with the adjacent structures, forms a lever producing an amplification of the vibration velocity at the level of the oval window.
Topics: Animals; Dolphins; Ear Ossicles; Ear, Middle; Hearing; Models, Anatomic; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vibration
PubMed: 10416865
DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5955(99)00053-2 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Feb 1997The effect of 0.3% otic solution of ofloxacin on the cartilages constituting the epiphyses of the auditory ossicles and the wall of the auditory tube was histologically...
The effect of 0.3% otic solution of ofloxacin on the cartilages constituting the epiphyses of the auditory ossicles and the wall of the auditory tube was histologically examined after 30-day repeated intratympanic administration to juvenile male guinea pigs aged 4 weeks. Ofloxacin showed no chondrotoxicity for the cartilages and, in some but not all animals, reduced haemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration in the tympanic cavity, compared with that of the control. Further, the articular cartilage of the humeral trochlea and femoral condyle also showed no change.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Cartilage; Ear Ossicles; Guinea Pigs; Male; Ofloxacin
PubMed: 9069552
DOI: 10.1093/jac/39.2.269