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Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Aug 1965Dr T E T Weston describes his research into the effect of noise on hearing acuity and of deafness in the aged. He found that presbyacusis is associated with a...
Dr T E T Weston describes his research into the effect of noise on hearing acuity and of deafness in the aged. He found that presbyacusis is associated with a multiplicity of factors, e.g. smoking, circulatory disturbance, urban domicile, heredity and occupational acoustic trauma.Miss W Galbraith describes the social implications of various degrees of deafness and the ways in which they can be overcome by such measures as lipreading, hearing aids and rehabilitation.Sir Terence Cawthorne discusses otosclerosis, nearly 1% of the population being affected by this type of deafness. He describes the modern operation of insertion of an artificial piston through the stapes and states that 90% of cases submitted to this operation will show immediate improvement, whilst 85% should still have retained this improvement at the end of two years.
Topics: Audiometry; Auditory Perception; Child; Deafness; England; Geriatrics; Hearing Aids; Hearing Disorders; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced; Humans; Lipreading; Male; Medicine; Noise; Ossicular Prosthesis; Otosclerosis; Presbycusis; Prostheses and Implants; Rehabilitation; Stapes; Stapes Surgery; Wales
PubMed: 14341856
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jan 1978
Topics: Female; Humans; Ischemia; Otosclerosis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Stapes
PubMed: 620199
DOI: No ID Found -
Otolaryngologia Polska = the Polish... May 2020<b>Introduction: </b>Knowledge about the physiology of a healthy middle ear is essential for understanding the activity and mechanics of the ear as well as...
<b>Introduction: </b>Knowledge about the physiology of a healthy middle ear is essential for understanding the activity and mechanics of the ear as well as the basics of ossiculoplasty. Trauma of the epithelial lining of the tympanic cavity as well as the ossicular chain may be the result of chronic inflammation and surgery. Depending on the observed changes of the middle ear lining, there are several types of distinguished chronic inflammatory changes: simple, with cholesteatoma, with the formation of inflammatory granulation tissue, in course of specific diseases. <br><b>Purpose: </b>The aim of the article is presentation of the microstructure and vasculature of the ossicular chain in the Scanning Electron Microscope. Particular attention is drawn to the anatomical aspects of the structure and connections of auditory ossicles as vital elements for reconstruction of the conduction system of the middle ear. <br><b>Material and method: </b>The analysis covered auditory ossicles standardly removed in accordance with the methodology of the investigated surgical procedures. The preparations were evaluated in a scanning electron microscope. <br><b>Results: </b>The exposure of bone surface promotes deep erosion. The advanced process of destruction of bone surface in the case of chronic otitis media correlates with a significant degree of damage to both the lining covering the auditory ossicles and that surrounding articular surfaces. <br><b>Conclusions: </b>(1) The ossicles in the image of the Scanning Electron Microscope are covered with lining. It passes from the surface of the ossicles to the vascular bundles, forming vascular sheaths; (2) Damage to lining continuity on the surface of the auditory ossicles promotes the rapid destruction of bone tissue in the inflammatory process; (3) The dimensions of the individual ossicles are respectively: malleus - 8.36 +/- 0.01, incus - 8.14 +/- 0.0, stapes - 3.23 +/- 0.01 mm. Behavior of the anatomical length of ossicular chain during tympanoplasty appears to be essential to maintaining adequate vibration amplitude of the conductive system of the middle ear.
Topics: Ear Ossicles; Ear, Middle; Female; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Otitis Media; Tympanoplasty
PubMed: 32636350
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1373 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Apr 2022To evaluate and classify developmental malformations of the human stapes.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate and classify developmental malformations of the human stapes.
METHODS
Twenty-five temporal bone specimens from 18 patients with congenital stapes malformations were identified in the Mass Eye and Ear temporal bone collection. Serial sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were examined by light microscopy and the morphology of the stapes was compared to age-matched controls.
RESULTS
Each case of stapes malformation could be classified into one of four malformation types based on our current understanding of the embryologic origin of the subunits of the stapes and timing of development. Twenty-seven percent of stapes malformations had a Type I morphology characterized by a hypoplastic or absent inner footplate and hypoplastic to absent mesoderm footplate or oval window. The crura and capitulum may be absent, monopodal or dysmorphic. Eleven percent expressed a Type II malformation with dysmorphic or monopodal capitulum and crura and a fixed footplate. Twenty-seven percent were of Type III with a dysmorphic or monopodal capitulum and or crura. The footplate, and thereby oval window is present and without fixation. The most common malformation, Type IV, was isolated footplate fixation observed in 33% of cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Malformations of the human stapes follow consistent patterns of early or late disruptions of the stapes subunits of mesodermal and/or neural crest origin. While the molecular events, including temporal coordination, that lead to a normally formed stapes are not yet fully understood, the observed patterns of human stapes malformation can be consistently classified into one of four patterns of developmental disruption.
Topics: Ear Ossicles; Ear, Middle; Humans; Ossicular Prosthesis; Stapes; Stapes Surgery
PubMed: 35120079
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000003490 -
Otology & Neurotology : Official... Jul 2017To evaluate the outcome and per- and postoperative complications of the surgical management of patients with a persistent stapedial artery (PSA). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the outcome and per- and postoperative complications of the surgical management of patients with a persistent stapedial artery (PSA).
METHODS
A systemic literature search for reports on patients treated for pulsatile tinnitus and/or conductive hearing loss caused by a PSA was conducted of the PubMed and Embase databases using the terms "stapedial" and "artery." Inclusion criteria were adequate description of the intervention and pre- and postoperative signs and symptoms. In addition, one case of a PSA, treated at VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands, was included in this series.
INTERVENTION
Middle ear surgery consisting of stapedotomy or stapedectomy, and/or transection of the PSA.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Pre- and postoperative hearing levels, pre- and postoperative pulsatile tinnitus, and per- and postoperative complications.
RESULTS
Seventeen patients and 18 operated ears were evaluated (16 patients described in 14 articles and our case). Twelve out of 14 ears in which a stapedotomy or stapedectomy was initiated experienced improvement in hearing. In four cases pulsatile tinnitus was described pre- and postoperatively. In all four, pulsatile tinnitus subsided after transection of the PSA. Peroperative bleeding from the PSA was described in four patients, which could be controlled during the procedure. No significant postoperative sequelae were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
In case of a PSA, improvement of conductive hearing loss is best achieved by stapes surgery, while pulsatile tinnitus is effectively treated with transection of the PSA. To date no long-term postoperative complications have been reported.
Topics: Adult; Arteries; Female; Hearing Loss, Conductive; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Postoperative Complications; Stapes; Stapes Surgery; Tinnitus
PubMed: 28590999
DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000001466 -
The Journal of the Acoustical Society... Apr 2021The mouse is an important animal model for hearing science. However, our knowledge of the relationship between mouse middle-ear (ME) anatomy and function is limited. The...
The mouse is an important animal model for hearing science. However, our knowledge of the relationship between mouse middle-ear (ME) anatomy and function is limited. The ME not only transmits sound to the cochlea in the forward direction, it also transmits otoacoustic emissions generated in the cochlea to the ear canal (EC) in the reverse direction. Due to experimental limitations, a complete characterization of the mouse ME has not been possible. A fully coupled finite-element model of the mouse EC, ME, and cochlea was developed and calibrated against experimental measurements. Impedances of the EC, ME, and cochlea were calculated, alongside pressure transfer functions for the forward, reverse, and round-trip directions. The effects on sound transmission of anatomical changes such as removing the ME cavity, pars flaccida, and mallear orbicular apophysis were also calculated. Surprisingly, below 10 kHz, the ME cavity, eardrum, and stapes annular ligament were found to significantly affect the cochlear input impedance, which is a result of acoustic coupling through the round window. The orbicular apophysis increases the delay of the transmission line formed by the flexible malleus, incus, and stapes, and improves the forward sound-transmission characteristics in the frequency region of 7-30 kHz.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Acoustics; Animals; Cochlea; Ear, Middle; Mice; Round Window, Ear; Sound; Stapes
PubMed: 33940924
DOI: 10.1121/10.0004218 -
The Journal of International Advanced... Apr 2020Air-bone gaps (ABGs) are commonly found in patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss generally due to outer- and/or middle-ear diseases such as otitis externa,... (Review)
Review
Air-bone gaps (ABGs) are commonly found in patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss generally due to outer- and/or middle-ear diseases such as otitis externa, tympanic membrane perforation, interruption or fixation of the ossicular chain, and chronic suppurative otitis media. ABGs can also be found in correlation with inner-ear disorders, such as endolymphatic hydrops, enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome, semicircular canal dehiscence, gusher syndrome, cochlear dehiscence, and Paget disease's as well cerebral vascular anomalies including dural arteriovenous fistula. The typical clinical presentation of inner-ear conditions or cerebral vascular anomalies causing ABGs includes audiological and vestibular symptoms like vertigo, oscillopsia, dizziness, imbalance, spinning sensation, pulsatile or continuous tinnitus, hyperacusis, autophony, auricular fullness, Tullio's phenomenon, and Hennebert's sign. Establishing a definitive diagnosis of the underlying condition in patients presenting with an ABG is often challenging to do and, in many patients, the condition may remain undefined. Results from an accurate clinical, audiological, and vestibular evaluation can be suggestive for the underlying condition; however, radiological assessment by computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging is mandatory to confirm any diagnostic suspicion. In this review, we describe and discuss the most recent updates available regarding the clinical presentation and diagnostic workup of inner-ear conditions that may present together with ABGs.
Topics: Air; Bone Conduction; Bone and Bones; Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations; Child; Cochlea; Ear Ossicles; Endolymphatic Hydrops; Female; Hearing Loss; Hearing Loss, Conductive; Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Labyrinth Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Meniere Disease; Middle Aged; Osteitis Deformans; Semicircular Canal Dehiscence; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vestibular Aqueduct
PubMed: 32401207
DOI: 10.5152/iao.2020.7764