-
Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique Mar 2009
Topics: Azathioprine; Genotype; Humans; Methyltransferases
PubMed: 19200674
DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2008.12.005 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Aug 2022Various systemic agents have been assessed for treatment of alopecia areata; however, there is a paucity of comparative studies.
BACKGROUND
Various systemic agents have been assessed for treatment of alopecia areata; however, there is a paucity of comparative studies.
AIM
To compare the efficacy of azathioprine versus mesalazine in the treatment of severe alopecia areata.
METHODS
Our study was carried out in 30 patients with severe alopecia areata divided into two groups, group A: fifteen patients were treated by azathioprine in an oral dose of 1-2 mg/kg/day and group B: fifteen patients were treated by mesalazine in an oral dose of 15-30 mg/kg/day in two divided doses. The treatment was considered effective if percentage regrowth of hair was determined by change in SALT score >50 from base line after 6 months of treatment. The treatment was continued for 3-6 months after complete remission to minimize the risk of relapse. The dose was gradually tapered during this time.
RESULTS
The study found that there is statistically significant difference between mean SALT scores before treatment and after 6 months of treatment in both groups. In group A, SALT score at base line was 84.42 ± 17.41, after 6 months it was 35.95 ± 35.79 (p value 0.04). In group B, SALT score at base line was 73.06 ± 22.10, after 6 months it was 23.04± 12.27 (p value 0.037). Changes in SALT score after 6 months were -27.74 ± 20.66 in group A and -60.42±38.41 in group B (p value 0.055).
CONCLUSION
Mesalazine may be considered as effective as azathioprine with lesser side effects. Azathioprine is also considered safe. However, a large group study should be performed to confirm these findings.
Topics: Alopecia Areata; Azathioprine; Hair; Humans; Mesalamine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34918459
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14687 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2019Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often present poor bone health and are 40% more at risk of bone fracture. Studies have implicated autophagy in IBD...
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often present poor bone health and are 40% more at risk of bone fracture. Studies have implicated autophagy in IBD pathology and drugs used to treat IBD stimulate autophagy in varying degrees, however, their effect on the skeleton is currently unknown. Here, we have utilised the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model of colitis in mice to examine the effects of the thiopurine drug azathioprine on the skeleton. Ten-week-old male mice ( = 6/group) received 3.0% DSS in their drinking water for four days, followed by a 14-day recovery period. Mice were treated with 10 mg/kg/day azathioprine or vehicle control. Histopathological analysis of the colon from DSS mice revealed significant increases in scores for inflammation severity, extent, and crypt damage ( < 0.05). Azathioprine provided partial protection to the colon, as reflected by a lack of significant difference in crypt damage and tissue regeneration with DSS treatment. MicroCT of vehicle-treated DSS mice revealed azathioprine treatment had a significant detrimental effect on the trabecular bone microarchitecture, independent of DSS treatment. Specifically, significant decreases were observed in bone volume/tissue volume ( < 0.01), and trabecular number ( < 0.05), with a concurrent significant increase in trabecular pattern factor ( < 0.01). Immunohistochemical labelling for LC3 revealed azathioprine to induce autophagy in the bone marrow. Together these data suggest that azathioprine treatment may have a deleterious effect on IBD patients who may already be at increased risk of osteoporotic bone fractures and thus will inform on future treatment strategies for patient stratification.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Azathioprine; Body Weight; Cancellous Bone; Colon; Dextran Sulfate; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phenotype; Tibia
PubMed: 31816823
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236085 -
Clinical Rheumatology Jun 1988Pulse prednisolone hemisuccinate therapy (500 mg given intravenously on three occasions over two weeks) has been combined with either intramuscular sodium aurothiomalate... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Pulse prednisolone hemisuccinate therapy (500 mg given intravenously on three occasions over two weeks) has been combined with either intramuscular sodium aurothiomalate or azathioprine in an assessment of 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Significant improvement in a variety of clinical and biochemical assessments was seen in both groups. Both treatments were well tolerated by the patients and prednisolone appeared to accelerate the response to sodium aurothiomalate and azathioprine but there was no great evidence that it enhanced it.
Topics: Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Azathioprine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gold Sodium Thiomalate; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Middle Aged; Prednisolone
PubMed: 3138060
DOI: 10.1007/BF02204452 -
Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD Oct 2012Severe childhood atopic dermatitis refers to the presence of recurrent, widespread, eczematous dermatitis that significantly interferes with the daily activities and/or... (Review)
Review
Severe childhood atopic dermatitis refers to the presence of recurrent, widespread, eczematous dermatitis that significantly interferes with the daily activities and/or the quality of life of the affected child and family. The vast majority of children with severe, long-standing atopic dermatitis can be managed with the appropriate use of topical treatments, including long-term maintenance therapy and adjunctive treatments. In the recalcitrant patient, second line therapies such as narrowband ultraviolet light therapy and systemic immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine, azathioprine, mycophenolate moefetil, and methotrexate have been shown to be safe and effective in children with severe atopic dermatitis and can lead to sustained clinical improvement. To date, biologic therapy has not been uniformly effective in childhood atopic dermatitis. Management of severe childhood atopic dermatitis, including topical and adjunctive treatments and second-line therapies including systemic immunosuppressants will be reviewed here.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Azathioprine; Baths; Child; Child, Preschool; Cyclosporine; Dermatitis, Atopic; Disinfectants; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infant; Methotrexate; Mycophenolic Acid; Sodium Hypochlorite; Ultraviolet Therapy
PubMed: 23134980
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Dermatology Sep 1973
Topics: Azathioprine; Female; Humans; Pemphigus
PubMed: 4729767
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jul 1970
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Azathioprine; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pemphigus; Prednisone
PubMed: 4316981
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5714.84 -
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Feb 2017We describe the case of a pediatric patient on azathioprine therapy with previously undiagnosed homozygote thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) deficiency, resulting in...
We describe the case of a pediatric patient on azathioprine therapy with previously undiagnosed homozygote thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) deficiency, resulting in myelotoxic thiopurine metabolite levels. The patient was successfully treated with a very low azathioprine dose of 50 mg once a week (4% of standard dose), guided by frequent thiopurine metabolite measurement and a close clinical surveillance. We demonstrate that azathioprine therapy still might be an effective and safe therapeutic option in pediatric thiopurine S-methyltransferase-deficient IBD patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Azathioprine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Hypersensitivity; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Male; Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28081040
DOI: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000366 -
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology Jun 1990We evaluated the efficacy of azathioprine (Az) therapy in chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) retrospectively in a clinic population from 1977 to 1987. The study was an...
We evaluated the efficacy of azathioprine (Az) therapy in chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) retrospectively in a clinic population from 1977 to 1987. The study was an open one. Sixteen patients were treated with a total of 20 courses of Az. Mean dose of Az was 1.48 mg/kg/d (range 0.98-1.82). All patients were on oral prednisone at the initiation of Az therapy. Indications for Az were: inability to wean off steroids without symptoms of CUC (12/20), poor response to steroids (7/20), and steroid toxicity (1/20). Responses to Az occurred in 15/20 courses (12/16 patients). Two patients had side effects requiring Az discontinuation. The mean duration of follow-up was 52.6 months with no incidence of malignancies. We conclude that the use of Az in selected patients with CUC who are steroid resistant or steroid dependent may be both efficacious and safe.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Azathioprine; Colitis, Ulcerative; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Prednisone; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 2362095
DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199006000-00007 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Apr 2018Azathioprine (AZA) is a well-known immunosuppressant used for many years for its ability to ensure long term disease remission in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) at an... (Review)
Review
Azathioprine (AZA) is a well-known immunosuppressant used for many years for its ability to ensure long term disease remission in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) at an affordable cost to the public. However, the side effect profile has raised many concerns with numerous investigations into the risk, cause and prevention of these effects. Much of the side effect profile of AZA can be linked to a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) gene which ensures the breakdown and efficacy of AZA. Mutated TPMT alleles result in low or deficient TPMT levels which directly correlate to cytotoxity. This is a review of the role of AZA in the treatment of IBD. Knowing a patient's TPMT status allows the prescribing doctor to make an informed decision about dosage and be more alert to the signs of cytotoxicity. It is essential to include "early warning" SNP testing into common practice to ensure therapeutic efficacy.
Topics: Azathioprine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Methyltransferases; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Remission Induction
PubMed: 29421584
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.152