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Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... Dec 2020In a randomized double-blind crossover study, a canned beverage was prepared using an emulsion dispersion formulation (EM) of β-carotene and a crystal dispersion... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
In a randomized double-blind crossover study, a canned beverage was prepared using an emulsion dispersion formulation (EM) of β-carotene and a crystal dispersion formulation (CR) of β-carotene; the beverages were ingested by human subjects daily for 2 weeks to compare the β-carotene bioavailability. EM-β-carotene enhanced the β-carotene concentrations in human plasma approximately 4-fold, but CR-β-carotene showed no statistically significant enhancement. Bioaccessibility is the ratio of the solubilized fraction to the whole amount ingested. Bioaccessibility of β-carotene from EM-β-carotene was higher than that from CR-β-carotene in an digestion test. Contrarily, β-carotene from CR-β-carotene, consists of all--β-carotene, was higher than that from EM-β-carotene, consists of a mixture of and all--β-carotene, on the uptake by intestinal Caco-2 cells, suggesting that bioaccessibility was a critical factor in β-carotene bioavailability in this study. EM-β-carotene thus has potential as a food coloring agent with value added because it enhances β-carotene bioavailability.
Topics: Adult; Biological Availability; Caco-2 Cells; Digestion; Double-Blind Method; Drug Compounding; Eating; Female; Humans; Male; Retinoids; beta Carotene
PubMed: 32835607
DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1803728 -
Food & Function Apr 2021In this study, β-carotene loaded oil-in-water emulsions were stabilized by complex interfaces composed of propylene glycol alginate (PGA), rhamnolipids (Rha), and zein...
In this study, β-carotene loaded oil-in-water emulsions were stabilized by complex interfaces composed of propylene glycol alginate (PGA), rhamnolipids (Rha), and zein colloidal particles (ZCPs). The influence of mixed biopolymer-surfactant, biopolymer-particle, surfactant-particle and biopolymer-surfactant-particle interfaces on the performance of the emulsions was investigated. The stability, microstructure, rheological properties, and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of the emulsions were controlled by regulating the adding sequence and mass ratio of the multiple stabilizers. The droplet size of the emulsion was in the range of 14-77 μm. After encapsulation into the emulsions stabilized by the complex interfaces, the photothermal stability of β-carotene were increased by 41.53% and 21.52%, respectively. The co-existence of particles, biopolymers, and surfactants could induce competitive displacement, multilayer deposition and an interparticle network at the interface. Compared with a single PGA- or Rha-stabilized emulsion, the complex interface-stabilized emulsion reduced the release of FFA by 28.06% and 26.16%, respectively. The interfacial composition of the emulsion and the delayed lipid digestion further affected the bioaccessibility of β-carotene in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The mixed biopolymer-particle-surfactant interface-stabilized emulsion could be incorporated in foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics for excellent stability, targeted nutrient delivery and controlled lipolysis.
Topics: Biological Availability; Biopolymers; Digestion; Drug Stability; Elasticity; Emulsions; Gastrointestinal Tract; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Particle Size; Pepsin A; Surface-Active Agents; Viscosity; Zein; beta Carotene
PubMed: 33877248
DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02975k -
FEMS Yeast Research Jan 2021β-Carotene is a yellow-orange-red pigment used in food, cosmetics and pharmacy. There is no commercial yeast-based process for β-carotene manufacturing. In this work,...
β-Carotene is a yellow-orange-red pigment used in food, cosmetics and pharmacy. There is no commercial yeast-based process for β-carotene manufacturing. In this work, we engineered the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by expression of lipases and carotenogenic genes to enable the production of β-carotene on hydrophobic substrates. First, the extracellular lipase (LIP2) and two cell-bound lipases (LIP7 and LIP8) from oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica were expressed either individually or in combination in S. cerevisiae. The engineered strains could grow on olive oil and triolein as the sole carbon source. The strain expressing all three lipases had ∼40% lipid content per dry weight. Next, we integrated the genes encoding β-carotene biosynthetic pathway, crtI, crtYB and crtE from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous. The resulting engineered strain bearing the lipases and carotenogenic genes reached a titer of 477.9 mg/L β-carotene in yeast peptone dextrose (YPD) medium supplemented with 1% (v/v) olive oil, which was 12-fold higher than an analogous strain without lipases. The highest β-carotene content of 46.5 mg/g DCW was obtained in yeast nitrogen base (YNB) medium supplemented with 1% (v/v) olive oil. The study demonstrates the potential of applying lipases and hydrophobic substrate supplementation for the production of carotenoids in S. cerevisiae.
Topics: Biosynthetic Pathways; Culture Media; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Lipase; Metabolic Engineering; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Yarrowia; beta Carotene
PubMed: 33332529
DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa068 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Dec 2023Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most polluted mycotoxins in the environment and food, has been proven to have strong embryonic and reproductive toxicities. However, the...
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most polluted mycotoxins in the environment and food, has been proven to have strong embryonic and reproductive toxicities. However, the effects of DON on placental impairment and effective interventions are still unclear. This study investigated the effect of β-carotene on placental functional impairment and its underlying molecular mechanism under DON exposure. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were caused by intraperitoneal injection of DON from 13.5 to 15.5 days of gestation in mice, resulting in higher enrichment of DON in placenta than in other tissue samples. Interestingly, 0.1% β-carotene dietary supplementation could significantly alleviate DON-induced pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro placental barrier models demonstrated the association of DON-induced placental function impairment with placental permeability barrier disruption, angiogenesis impairment, and oxidative stress induction. Moreover, β-carotene regulated DON-induced placental toxicity by activating the expressions of 1, -1, and through retinoic acid-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Animals; Mice; Placenta; PPAR alpha; beta Carotene; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Tretinoin
PubMed: 38012857
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06647 -
Chemphyschem : a European Journal of... Dec 2015β-Carotene in n-hexane was examined by femtosecond transient absorption and stimulated Raman spectroscopy. Electronic change is separated from vibrational relaxation...
β-Carotene in n-hexane was examined by femtosecond transient absorption and stimulated Raman spectroscopy. Electronic change is separated from vibrational relaxation with the help of band integrals. Overlaid on the decay of S1 excited-state absorption, a picosecond process is found that is absent when the C9 -methyl group is replaced by ethyl or isopropyl. It is attributed to reorganization on the S1 potential energy surface, involving dihedral angles between C6 and C9 . In Raman studies, electronic states S2 or S1 were selected through resonance conditions. We observe a broad vibrational band at 1770 cm(-1) in S2 already. With 200 fs it decays and transforms into the well-known S1 Raman line for an asymmetric C=C stretching mode. Low-frequency activity (<800 cm(-1) ) in S2 and S1 is also seen. A dependence of solvent lines on solute dynamics implies intermolecular coupling between β-carotene and nearby n-hexane molecules.
Topics: Kinetics; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; beta Carotene
PubMed: 26433210
DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500586 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Dec 2019β-carotene and chitooligosaccharides are bioactive compounds that find their application in the food industry as well in biomedical fields. However, the application of...
β-carotene and chitooligosaccharides are bioactive compounds that find their application in the food industry as well in biomedical fields. However, the application of β-carotene is limited due to its very low water solubility, as well as its air, light and temperature sensitivity. The preparation of β-carotene-chitooligosaccharides complexes by mechanochemical methods was presented. Their physical and chemical properties including solubility, size, zeta potential and radical scavenging activity were investigated. The interaction of the two components was shown by NMR, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy. The complexes were analysed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Chitooligosaccharides could serve as a carrier for β-carotene delivery. The complexation did not cause the loss of the radical scavenging activity of β-carotene and guaranteed its water solubility.
Topics: Antioxidants; Chitin; Chitosan; Macromolecular Substances; Oligosaccharides; Solubility; Temperature; Water; beta Carotene
PubMed: 31521299
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115226 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B Oct 2014The efficient bleaching following continuous bubbling of gaseous nitric oxide (NO(•)) to β-carotene (β-Car) dissolved in n-hexane under anaerobic conditions results...
The efficient bleaching following continuous bubbling of gaseous nitric oxide (NO(•)) to β-carotene (β-Car) dissolved in n-hexane under anaerobic conditions results from an initial addition of two NO(•) followed by fragmentation coupled with further NO(•) addition as shown by mass spectrometry (MS). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and electron transfer (ET) from β-Car to NO(•) are strongly energetically unfavorable in contrast to radical adduct formation (RAF) followed by degradation. The results indicated the lowest energy for addition of the first NO(•) at C7 with an activation free energy of ΔG(≠) = 74.40 kJ mol(-1) and a rate constant of 0.56 s(-1), followed by trans-addition of a second NO(•) at C8 with ΔG(≠) = 55.51 kJ mol(-1). MS confirmed the formation of a dinitrosyl-β-Car (596.6 m/z), and of a β-Car fragment (400.4 m/z) formed by C7/C8 bond cleavage and suggested to be of importance for progression of bleaching. Up to eight reaction products with increasing mass of 28 m/z are assigned to continuous addition of NO(•) to the initially formed fragment forming nitroxides. Continuous wave photolysis of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as a NO(•) source dissolved together with β-Car in 4:1 (v/v) methanol:tetrahydrofuran gradually bleached β-Car. Nanosecond laser flash photolysis at 355 nm followed by transient absorption spectroscopy showed a β-Car derived intermediate with an absorption maximum around 420 nm in agreement with a prediction (425 nm) from time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) for the trans-C7,8 dinitrosyl adduct of β-Car. The NO(•) adduct of β-Car decays with a rate constant of ∼10(7) s(-1) at 25 °C.
Topics: Free Radical Scavengers; Nitric Oxide; Photolysis; Thermodynamics; beta Carotene
PubMed: 25226353
DOI: 10.1021/jp5075626 -
Cutis Jun 2003Carotenemia is a common benign pediatric condition of yellowing of the skin and elevated beta-carotene levels in the blood. The condition is usually caused by excessive...
Carotenemia is a common benign pediatric condition of yellowing of the skin and elevated beta-carotene levels in the blood. The condition is usually caused by excessive beta-carotene intake but is also more rarely associated with a few serious metabolic disorders. Carotenemia caused by high beta-carotene intake does not have serious sequelae; discoloration remits with dietary modification.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Nutrition Disorders; Skin Diseases; beta Carotene
PubMed: 12839253
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbial Cell Factories Jan 2022The limitation of storage space, product cytotoxicity and the competition for precursor are the major challenges for efficiently overproducing carotenoid in engineered...
BACKGROUND
The limitation of storage space, product cytotoxicity and the competition for precursor are the major challenges for efficiently overproducing carotenoid in engineered non-carotenogenic microorganisms. In this work, to improve β-carotene accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a strategy that simultaneous increases cell storage capability and strengthens metabolic flux to carotenoid pathway was developed using exogenous oleic acid (OA) combined with metabolic engineering approaches.
RESULTS
The direct separation of lipid droplets (LDs), quantitative analysis and genes disruption trial indicated that LDs are major storage locations of β-carotene in S. cerevisiae. However, due to the competition for precursor between β-carotene and LDs-triacylglycerol biosynthesis, enlarging storage space by engineering LDs related genes has minor promotion on β-carotene accumulation. Adding 2 mM OA significantly improved LDs-triacylglycerol metabolism and resulted in 36.4% increase in β-carotene content. The transcriptome analysis was adopted to mine OA-repressible promoters and IZH1 promoter was used to replace native ERG9 promoter to dynamically down-regulate ERG9 expression, which diverted the metabolic flux to β-carotene pathway and achieved additional 31.7% increase in β-carotene content without adversely affecting cell growth. By inducing an extra constitutive β-carotene synthesis pathway for further conversion precursor farnesol to β-carotene, the final strain produced 11.4 mg/g DCW and 142 mg/L of β-carotene, which is 107.3% and 49.5% increase respectively over the parent strain.
CONCLUSIONS
This strategy can be applied in the overproduction of other heterogeneous FPP-derived hydrophobic compounds with similar synthesis and storage mechanisms in S. cerevisiae.
Topics: Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Lipid Droplets; Metabolic Engineering; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Triglycerides; beta Carotene
PubMed: 34983533
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01723-y -
Theriogenology May 2020The aim of the study was to determine whether two postpartum intramuscular treatments with 200 mg of beta-(β-)carotene (Carofertin; Alvetra u. Werfft, Vienna, Austria)...
Effect of two postpartum intramuscular treatments with β-carotene (Carofertin®) on the blood concentration of β-carotene and on the reproductive performance parameters of dairy cows.
The aim of the study was to determine whether two postpartum intramuscular treatments with 200 mg of beta-(β-)carotene (Carofertin; Alvetra u. Werfft, Vienna, Austria) in a 14-day interval increases β-carotene concentrations in blood, particularly around the time of the first artificial insemination (AI), and to test the effect of the treatment on fertility parameters, luteal size, and progesterone blood levels of dairy cows. A total of 297 Holstein dairy cows were enrolled in the study. Between 28 and 34 days postpartum (dpp) β-carotene concentrations were measured in blood samples using an on-site test (iCheck carotene; BioAnalyt, Teltow, Germany). Cows with a β-carotene concentration <3.5 mg/L, indicating a deficiency of β-carotene, were allocated either to the β-carotene treatment group BCT (n = 123) or to the control group CON (n = 121). Cows with concentrations ≥3.5 mg/L were assigned to an optimally supplied reference group (REF; n = 53). Cows in the BCT group received 200 mg of β-carotene intramuscularly at 28-34 dpp and at 42-48 dpp. Further blood samples were collected at 35-41 dpp, 42-48 dpp, 49-55 dpp, and in the week after the first AI and their β-carotene concentrations were analyzed. Between day 10 and 14 after the first AI, the blood progesterone concentration was measured and the size of the corpus luteum (CL) was determined by ultrasound. Blood β-carotene concentrations increased in the BCT cows in the week after the treatment with a peak at 49-55 dpp and were significantly higher than in the CON group at each time point after the first treatment. Logistic regression models, however, revealed that the treatment with β-carotene had no effect on first service conception rate, days to first service, time to pregnancy, or percentage of pregnant cows within 150 dpp. Furthermore, there was no effect on progesterone concentration or the size of the CL between the groups. In conclusion, two treatments with Carofertin postpartum increased β-carotene blood concentrations but had no effect on the fertility parameters in this study.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Corpus Luteum; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Hemangioma; Logistic Models; Progesterone; beta Carotene
PubMed: 32126391
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.042