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Osteoporosis International : a Journal... Apr 2023The aim is to evaluate the effect of β-carotene for osteoporosis and provide quantitative evidence. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The aim is to evaluate the effect of β-carotene for osteoporosis and provide quantitative evidence.
METHOD
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies. Fifteen studies were included. Random-effect model was applied to pool the odds ratio (OR). The risk of osteoporosis and fracture were compared between low β-carotene intake group and high β-carotene intake group.
RESULT
The intake of β-carotene was unassociated with the overall risk of osteoporosis [OR = 0.733, 95% Cl (0.528, 1.018), p = 0.064]. Subgroup analysis showed that the intake of β-carotene was negatively associated with the risk of osteoporosis in both male subgroup [OR = 0.7, 95% Cl (0.549, 0.893), I = 40.40%, p = 0.004] and female subgroup [OR = 0.684, 95% Cl (0.487, 0.960), I = 86.40%, p = 0.028]. There was also a negative association between β-carotene intake and osteoporosis in Asia subgroup [OR = 0.512, 95% Cl (0.403, 0.650), I = 0.00%, p = 0], whereas no association was observed in Western subgroup [OR = 1.107, 95% Cl (0.908, 1.350), I = 2.30%, p = 0.314]. In addition, random-effect model was adopted to pool the standard mean difference (SMD), and the results showed that β-carotene intake was positively associated with overall bone mineral density (BMD) [SMD = - 0.213, 95% Cl (- 0.391, - 0.034), I = 87.30%, p = 0.019]. Subgroup analysis showed that β-carotene intake was positively associated with BMD in Asian participants [SMD = - 0.394, 95% Cl (- 0.461, - 0.328), I = 0, p = 0], while unassociated in Western participants [SMD = - 0.047, 95% Cl (- 0.314, 0.219), I = 78.9%, p = 0.727].
CONCLUSION
β-carotene may improve BMD and reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fracture. However, these effects could vary by gender and race and need to be further validated by longitudinal studies.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; beta Carotene; Osteoporosis; Bone Density; Fractures, Bone; Asia
PubMed: 36380163
DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06593-7 -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Dec 2004
Review
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Biomarkers; Blood Chemical Analysis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cataract; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Liver Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Pancreatic Diseases; Smoking; Specimen Handling; Stress, Physiological; beta Carotene
PubMed: 15658284
DOI: No ID Found -
Alternative Medicine Review : a Journal... Dec 2000The three beta-carotene intervention trials: the Beta Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET), Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC), and... (Review)
Review
The three beta-carotene intervention trials: the Beta Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET), Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC), and Physician's Health Study (PHS) have all pointed to a lack of effect of synthetic beta-carotene in decreasing cardiovascular disease or cancer risk in well-nourished populations. The potential contribution of beta-carotene supplementation to increased risk of lung cancer in smokers has been raised as a significant concern. The safety of synthetic beta-carotene supplements and the role of isomeric forms of beta-carotene (synthetic all-trans versus "natural" cis-trans isomeric mixtures), in addition to the importance of the protective role of other carotenoids like lycopene and lutein, have become topics of debate in the scientific and medical communities. This review addresses the biochemistry and physiology of the cis versus trans isomers of beta-carotene as well as relevant studies comparing the absorption and storage of the synthetic versus natural forms of beta-carotene. In addition, the risk of potential pro-oxidant effects of synthetic beta-carotene supplementation in intervention trials is evaluated.
Topics: Absorption; Drug Interactions; Humans; Isomerism; Neoplasms; Structure-Activity Relationship; beta Carotene
PubMed: 11134976
DOI: No ID Found -
The New Phytologist Sep 2019Stressful environmental conditions lead to the production of reactive oxygen species in the chloroplasts, due to limited photosynthesis and enhanced excitation pressure... (Review)
Review
Stressful environmental conditions lead to the production of reactive oxygen species in the chloroplasts, due to limited photosynthesis and enhanced excitation pressure on the photosystems. Among these reactive species, singlet oxygen ( O ), which is generated at the level of the PSII reaction center, is very reactive, readily oxidizing macromolecules in its immediate surroundings, and it has been identified as the principal cause of photooxidative damage in plant leaves. The two β-carotene molecules present in the PSII reaction center are prime targets of O oxidation, leading to the formation of various oxidized derivatives. Plants have evolved sensing mechanisms for those PSII-generated metabolites, which regulate gene expression, putting in place defense mechanisms and alleviating the effects of PSII-damaging conditions. A new picture is thus emerging which places PSII as a sensor and transducer in plant stress resilience through its capacity to generate signaling metabolites under excess light energy. This review summarizes new advances in the characterization of the apocarotenoids involved in the PSII-mediated stress response and of the pathways elicited by these molecules, among which is the xenobiotic detoxification.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Oxidation-Reduction; Photosynthesis; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Stress, Physiological; beta Carotene
PubMed: 31090944
DOI: 10.1111/nph.15924 -
ELife Feb 2024β-Carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) catalyzes the cleavage of β-carotene to form vitamin A. Besides its role in vision, vitamin A regulates the expression of genes involved...
β-Carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) catalyzes the cleavage of β-carotene to form vitamin A. Besides its role in vision, vitamin A regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune cell differentiation. BCO1 activity is associated with the reduction of plasma cholesterol in humans and mice, while dietary β-carotene reduces hepatic lipid secretion and delays atherosclerosis progression in various experimental models. Here we show that β-carotene also accelerates atherosclerosis resolution in two independent murine models, independently of changes in body weight gain or plasma lipid profile. Experiments in mice implicate vitamin A production in the effects of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. To explore the direct implication of dietary β-carotene on regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation, we utilized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody infusions. Our data show that β-carotene favors Treg expansion in the plaque, and that the partial inhibition of Tregs mitigates the effect of β-carotene on atherosclerosis resolution. Our data highlight the potential of β-carotene and BCO1 activity in the resolution of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Mice; Humans; Animals; beta Carotene; Vitamin A; Liver; Atherosclerosis; Lipids
PubMed: 38319073
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.87430 -
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Dec 2021The antioxidant capacity of β-carotene has been studied in terms of H-atom abstraction reactions using quantum chemical methods. These oxidation reactions are studied...
The antioxidant capacity of β-carotene has been studied in terms of H-atom abstraction reactions using quantum chemical methods. These oxidation reactions are studied for the all- as well as 15,15'- isomers (15) of β-carotene, as the latter is only ∼10 kJ mol less stable than the all- isomer in the gas phase and about 9 kJ mol less stable in aqueous solution. Hydrogen abstraction from the rotamers obtained through C-C single and double bond rotations has been shown to play an important role in determining the antioxidant capacity of β-carotene. Hydrogen abstraction from the C4 and C5-CH positions of the β-ionone rings and the C7 and C9 positions along the polyene chain of β-carotene by the hydroxyl radical have been studied. In the all- form the most favorable H-atom abstraction reaction occurs at the C4 position of the terminal regions of the polyene π-system of β-carotene, closely followed by hydrogen abstraction from the C5 methyl position. The H-atom abstraction reactions are more exothermic in water than in the gas phase due to solvation energies for the water product.
Topics: Antioxidants; Density Functional Theory; Molecular Conformation; beta Carotene
PubMed: 34874031
DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01723c -
The American Journal of Clinical... Jun 1999The conflicting evidence of the relation between beta-carotene and lung cancer in humans serves as a poignant case study with respect to what types of evidence are... (Review)
Review
The conflicting evidence of the relation between beta-carotene and lung cancer in humans serves as a poignant case study with respect to what types of evidence are sufficient to support or change a nutrition recommendation. This article is a review of the available evidence of the relation between beta-carotene and lung cancer, including data regarding beta-carotene intake (from diet and supplements), beta-carotene biochemical status, and vegetable and fruit consumption, and a discussion of the role of this evidence in making nutrition recommendations. More than 30 case-control and cohort studies were conducted over many years in various populations and indicated that people who eat more vegetables and fruit, foods rich in carotenoids, and carotenoids (beta-carotene in particular), as well as those with higher blood beta-carotene concentrations, have a lower risk of lung cancer than those who eat fewer such foods or have lower beta-carotene concentrations. In contrast, the intervention results from large, controlled trials of beta-carotene supplementation do not support the observed beneficial associations or a role for supplemental beta-carotene in lung cancer prevention; instead, they provide striking evidence for adverse effects (ie, excess lung cancer incidence and overall mortality) in smokers. The findings require that caution be exercised in recommending supplemental beta-carotene, particularly for smokers, and argue against changing the vegetable-fruit recommendations in the direction of greater nutrient specificity. This case study of beta-carotene and lung cancer stresses the importance of having results from at least one, and preferably more, large, randomized intervention trial before public health recommendations concerning micronutrient supplementation are considered.
Topics: Antioxidants; Diet; Epidemiologic Studies; Fruit; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Nutrition Policy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vegetables; beta Carotene
PubMed: 10359235
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/69.6.1345S -
Journal of Zhejiang University....β-Carotene is one of the most abundant natural pigments in foods; however, usage of β-carotene is limited because of its instability. Microencapsulation techniques are...
β-Carotene is one of the most abundant natural pigments in foods; however, usage of β-carotene is limited because of its instability. Microencapsulation techniques are usually applied to protect microencapsulated β-carotene from oxidization. In this study, β-carotene was microencapsulated using different drying processes: spray-drying, spray freeze-drying, coating, and spray granulation. The properties of morphology, particle size, water content, thermal characteristic, and chemical stability have been explored and compared. Scanning electron microscopy measurements showed that the coated powder had a dense surface surrounded by starch and suggested that the coating process gave a microencapsulated powder with the smallest bulk density and the best compressibility among the prepared powders. The chemical stabilities of microcapsules were evaluated during six months of storage at different temperatures. The coated powder had the highest mass fraction of β-carotene, which indicated that the coating process was superior to the three other drying processes.
Topics: Drug Compounding; Drug Stability; Freeze Drying; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Technology, Pharmaceutical; beta Carotene
PubMed: 31595726
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1900157 -
Free Radical Research May 2015β-Carotene, the precursor of vitamin A, possesses pronounced radical scavenging properties. This has centered the attention on β-carotene dietary supplementation in... (Review)
Review
β-Carotene, the precursor of vitamin A, possesses pronounced radical scavenging properties. This has centered the attention on β-carotene dietary supplementation in healthcare as well as in the therapy of degenerative disorders and several cancer types. However, two intervention trials with β-carotene have revealed adverse effects on two proband groups, that is, cigarette smokers and asbestos-exposed workers. Beside other causative reasons, the detrimental effects observed have been related to the oxidation products of β-carotene. Their generation originates in the polyene structure of β-carotene that is beneficial for radical scavenging, but is also prone to oxidation. Depending on the dominant degradation mechanism, bond cleavage might occur either randomly or at defined positions of the conjugated electron system, resulting in a diversity of cleavage products (CPs). Due to their instability and hydrophobicity, the handling of standards and real samples containing β-carotene and related CPs requires preventive measures during specimen preparation, analyte extraction, and final analysis, to avoid artificial degradation and to preserve the initial analyte portfolio. This review critically discusses different preparation strategies of standards and treatment solutions, and also addresses their protection from oxidation. Additionally, in vitro oxidation strategies for the generation of oxidative model compounds are surveyed. Extraction methods are discussed for volatile and non-volatile CPs individually. Gas chromatography (GC), (ultra)high performance liquid chromatography (U)HPLC, and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) are reviewed as analytical tools for final analyte analysis. For identity confirmation of analytes, mass spectrometry (MS) is indispensable, and the appropriate ionization principles are comprehensively discussed. The final sections cover analysis of real samples and aspects of quality assurance, namely matrix effects and method validation.
Topics: Animals; Biological Assay; Calibration; Cells, Cultured; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Drug Stability; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Molecular Structure; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Reference Standards; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship; beta Carotene
PubMed: 25867077
DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1022539 -
Comparative Biochemistry and... Aug 2022β-Carotene, as a kind of potent antioxidant compounds, has gained extensive attention. Blakeslea trispora, a filiform aerobic fungus, has been proposed as a natural...
β-Carotene extracted from Blakeslea trispora attenuates oxidative stress, inflammatory, hepatic injury and immune damage induced by copper sulfate in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
β-Carotene, as a kind of potent antioxidant compounds, has gained extensive attention. Blakeslea trispora, a filiform aerobic fungus, has been proposed as a natural source of β-carotene for commercial exploitation. However, it has not yet been investigated whether β-carotene extracted from Blakeslea trispora can attenuate oxidative stress, inflammatory, liver injury and immune damage of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to copper sulfate (CuSO). In this study, we evaluated the effects of β-carotene on migration of GFP-labeled neutrophils, histological changes of liver, markers of oxidative, inflammatory cytokines and transaminase analysis, as well as the expression and activities of apoptosis, immune-related certain genes in zebrafish treated with different concentrations of β-carotene (0, 10, 20, 40 μg/mL) after exposure to CuSO. The results indicated that β-carotene reduced migration of neutrophils and released liver damage. What's more, β-carotene was found to reduce the index levels of oxidative stress response (HMOX-1, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH, MDA), inflammatory factors (interleukine-1β (IL-1β), interleukine-6 (IL-6), interleukine-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), liver function protein (AST, ALT) which increased by CuSO. β-Carotene also promoted the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, ACP, AKP and LZM and increased the protein of immune-related factors, IgM and IFN-γ after exposure to CuSO. Thus, our results demonstrate that β-carotene has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity and participation in immunoregulation.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Copper Sulfate; Liver; Mucorales; Oxidative Stress; Zebrafish; beta Carotene
PubMed: 35533964
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109366