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Biological Chemistry Aug 2009
Topics: Biological Transport; Membrane Transport Proteins; Protein Transport
PubMed: 19656077
DOI: 10.1515/BC.2009.109 -
Critical Reviews in Microbiology 1997Less than 1% of the estimated number of fungal species have been investigated concerning the transport of low-molecular-weight nutrients and metabolites through the... (Review)
Review
Less than 1% of the estimated number of fungal species have been investigated concerning the transport of low-molecular-weight nutrients and metabolites through the plasma membrane. This is surprising if one considers the importance of the processes at the plasma membrane for the cell: this membrane mediates between the cell and its environment. Concentrating on filamentous fungi, in this review emphasis is placed on relating results from biophysical chemistry, membrane transport, fungal physiology, and fungal ecology. Among the treated subjects are the consequences of the small dimension of hyphae, the habitat and membrane transport, the properties of the plasma membrane, the efflux of metabolites, and the regulation of membrane transport. Special attention is given to methodological problems occurring with filamentous fungi. A great part of the presented material relies on work with Neurospora crassa, because for this fungus the most complete picture of plasma membrane transport exists. Following the conviction that we need "concepts instead of experiments", we delineate the lively network of membrane transport systems rather than listing the properties of single transport systems.
Topics: Biological Transport; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Membrane Permeability; Ecology; Fungi; Ions; Mitosporic Fungi; Neurospora crassa; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 9097013
DOI: 10.3109/10408419709115129 -
Developmental Cell Oct 2019Spatiotemporal organization during development has frequently been proposed to be explainable by reaction-transport models, where biochemical reactions couple to... (Review)
Review
Spatiotemporal organization during development has frequently been proposed to be explainable by reaction-transport models, where biochemical reactions couple to physical motion. However, whereas genetic tools allow causality of molecular players to be dissected via perturbation experiments, the functional role of physical transport processes, such as diffusion and cytoplasmic streaming, frequently remains untestable. This Perspective explores the challenges of validating reaction-transport hypotheses and highlights new opportunities provided by perturbation approaches that specifically target physical transport mechanisms. Using these methods, experimental physics may begin to catch up with molecular biology and find ways to test roles of diffusion and flows in development.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Cytoplasmic Streaming; Diffusion; Humans; Models, Biological; Motion
PubMed: 31639366
DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.002 -
Molecular Neurodegeneration Aug 2021
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Axonal Transport; Biological Transport; Drug Discovery; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Endosomes; Golgi Apparatus; Lysosomes; Mitochondria; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Nootropic Agents; Protein Transport; Synapses; Transport Vesicles
PubMed: 34419119
DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00480-1 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Feb 2016Nicotine is absorbed from the lungs into the systemic circulation during cigarette smoking. However, there is little information concerning the transport mechanism of...
Nicotine is absorbed from the lungs into the systemic circulation during cigarette smoking. However, there is little information concerning the transport mechanism of nicotine in alveolar epithelial cells. In this study, we characterized the uptake of nicotine in rat primary cultured type II (TII) and transdifferentiated type I-like (TIL) epithelial cells. In both TIL and TII cells, [(3)H]nicotine uptake was time and temperature-dependent, and showed saturation kinetics. [(3)H]Nicotine uptake in these cells was not affected by Na(+), but was sensitive to extracellular and intracellular pH, suggesting the involvement of a nicotine/proton antiport system. The uptake of [(3)H]nicotine in these cells was potently inhibited by organic cations such as clonidine, diphenhydramine, and pyrilamine, but was not affected by substrates and/or inhibitors of known organic cation transporters such as carnitine, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, and tetraethylammonium. In addition, the uptake of [(3)H]nicotine in TIL cells was stimulated by preloading the cells with unlabeled nicotine, pyrilamine, and diphenhydramine, but not with tetraethylammonium. These results suggest that a novel proton-coupled antiporter is involved in the uptake of nicotine in alveolar epithelial cells and its absorption from the lungs into the systemic circulation.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Nicotine; Pulmonary Alveoli; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Mucosa
PubMed: 26343920
DOI: 10.1002/jps.24627 -
Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology Jan 2019
Topics: Biological Transport; Golgi Apparatus; Lipoylation; Membranes; Protein Transport
PubMed: 30479376
DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0087-x -
Journal of Drug Targeting Aug 2019Neglected tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites affect the life of millions of people worldwide, causing mortality, morbidity and high economic and social... (Review)
Review
Neglected tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites affect the life of millions of people worldwide, causing mortality, morbidity and high economic and social burden. The search for new drug targets and therapeutic strategies to fight these pathogens are necessary, since many current drugs have limited effects, cause severe side effects and their use has resulted in pathogen resistance. Heme (iron protoporphyrin IX) is a ubiquitous molecule important in many biological processes, including the homeostasis, growth and development of human pathogens such as trypanosomatids (, and spp.) and spp. In this review, several chemotherapy approaches and strategies are discussed that target heme transport, catabolism, crystallization and hemeproteins.
Topics: Antiparasitic Agents; Biological Transport; Drug Delivery Systems; Heme; Humans; Parasitic Diseases
PubMed: 30332897
DOI: 10.1080/1061186X.2018.1536982 -
Channels (Austin, Tex.) 2009
Review
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane; Humans; Ion Transport; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 19556861
DOI: 10.4161/chan.3.3.9256 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Feb 2003Pulmonary drug delivery serves two purposes, namely the application of locally active compounds for treatment of diseases afflicting the lung, and the utilization of the... (Review)
Review
Pulmonary drug delivery serves two purposes, namely the application of locally active compounds for treatment of diseases afflicting the lung, and the utilization of the pulmonary epithelia as absorption sites for macromolecular drugs. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the pulmonary absorption and metabolism of compounds on a cellular level, cell culture models have shown to be, though limited, rather useful in predicting in vivo conditions. The Calu-3 cell line has been employed recently as a model for the airway epithelium in a number of drug transport and metabolism studies. The results of these studies, as well as an evaluation of the predictive potency of the model, are presented here.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Respiratory Mucosa
PubMed: 12618029
DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00356-5 -
Cell Jul 1997
Review
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Coatomer Protein; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 9244292
DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80326-8