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Annual Review of Physiology 1965
Review
Topics: Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Cell Membrane Permeability; Metabolism; Physiology; Research
PubMed: 14268879
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ph.27.030165.002215 -
Accounts of Chemical Research Dec 2013
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Humans; Membranes; Proteins
PubMed: 24341377
DOI: 10.1021/ar400234d -
Science Signaling Apr 2013These animations depict generalities of intercellular transport. The animation called "permeability and transport" demonstrates the permeability of four classes of...
These animations depict generalities of intercellular transport. The animation called "permeability and transport" demonstrates the permeability of four classes of molecules. The "gap junctions" animation shows how these intercellular complexes exclude large factors while they allow small factors to diffuse between cells. These animations serve as useful resources for any collegiate-level course that describes these processes. Courses that might use them include biochemistry, biophysics, cell biology, introductory biology, and physiology.
Topics: Biological Transport; Cell Membrane Permeability; Gap Junctions; Models, Biological; Teaching Materials
PubMed: 23592843
DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003457 -
Development (Cambridge, England) May 2019Wnt proteins are secreted glycoproteins that regulate multiple processes crucial to the development and tissue homeostasis of multicellular organisms, including tissue... (Review)
Review
Wnt proteins are secreted glycoproteins that regulate multiple processes crucial to the development and tissue homeostasis of multicellular organisms, including tissue patterning, proliferation, cell fate specification, cell polarity and migration. To elicit these effects, Wnts act as autocrine as well as paracrine signalling molecules between Wnt-producing and Wnt-receiving cells. More than 40 years after the discovery of the Wg/Wnt pathway, it is still unclear how they are transported to fulfil their paracrine signalling functions. Several mechanisms have been proposed to mediate intercellular Wnt transport, including Wnt-binding proteins, lipoproteins, exosomes and cytonemes. In this Review, we describe the evidence for each proposed mechanism, and discuss how they may contribute to Wnt dispersal in tissue-specific and context-dependent manners, to regulate embryonic development precisely and maintain the internal steady state within a defined tissue.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Humans; Wnt Proteins; Wnt Signaling Pathway
PubMed: 31092504
DOI: 10.1242/dev.176073 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Sep 2007The liver plays a central role in iron metabolism. It is the major storage site for iron and also expresses a complex range of molecules which are involved in iron... (Review)
Review
The liver plays a central role in iron metabolism. It is the major storage site for iron and also expresses a complex range of molecules which are involved in iron transport and regulation of iron homeostasis. An increasing number of genes associated with hepatic iron transport or regulation have been identified. These include transferrin receptors (TFR1 and 2), a ferrireductase (STEAP3), the transporters divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) and ferroportin (FPN) as well as the haemochromatosis protein, HFE and haemojuvelin (HJV), which are signalling molecules. Many of these genes also participate in iron regulatory pathways which focus on the hepatic peptide hepcidin. However, we are still only beginning to understand the complex interactions between liver iron transport and iron homeostasis. This review outlines our current knowledge of molecules of iron metabolism and their roles in iron transport and regulation of iron homeostasis.
Topics: Biological Transport; Homeostasis; Humans; Iron; Kupffer Cells; Liver
PubMed: 17729394
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i35.4725 -
Function (Oxford, England) 2021
Topics: Glucose; Biological Transport; Biological Transport, Active
PubMed: 33511351
DOI: 10.1093/function/zqaa047 -
Progress in Clinical and Biological... 1989
Review
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane Permeability; Epithelium; Humans
PubMed: 2657765
DOI: No ID Found -
Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of... Feb 2005Transport of organic cations (OC) is important for the recycling of endogenous OC and also a necessary step for detoxification of exogenous OC in the body. Even though... (Review)
Review
Transport of organic cations (OC) is important for the recycling of endogenous OC and also a necessary step for detoxification of exogenous OC in the body. Even though the identification and characterisation of numerous OC transporters in recent years has allowed the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying OC transport, elucidation of the regulation of this transport is just beginning. This review summarises the general properties of OC transport and then analyses the literature on the regulation of these processes. Studies on short- and long-term regulation of OC transport are considered separately. Important aspects of short-term regulation have been clarified and the regulatory pathways of several OC transporters have been characterised. Short-term regulation appears to be transporter subtype-, tissue- and species-dependent and to involve transporter phosphorylation. Transporter phosphorylation may alter the affinity for substrates or/and expression on the plasma membrane. Even though several studies have shown long-term regulation of OC transport, the pathophysiological meaning of these changes are not well understood. In this case, regulation seems to be subtype-, tissue- and gender-specific. Further research is necessary to clarify this important issue of regulation of OC transport.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cations; Humans; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Protein Transport
PubMed: 15688244
DOI: 10.1007/s00424-004-1355-5 -
Biological Reviews of the Cambridge... Apr 2020Membrane transport proteins, also known as transporters, control the movement of ions, nutrients, metabolites, and waste products across the membranes of a cell and are... (Review)
Review
Membrane transport proteins, also known as transporters, control the movement of ions, nutrients, metabolites, and waste products across the membranes of a cell and are central to its biology. Proteins of this type also serve as drug targets and are key players in the phenomenon of drug resistance. The malaria parasite has a relatively reduced transportome, with only approximately 2.5% of its genes encoding transporters. Even so, assigning functions and physiological roles to these proteins, and ascertaining their contributions to drug action and drug resistance, has been very challenging. This review presents a detailed critique and synthesis of the disruption phenotypes, protein subcellular localisations, protein functions (observed or predicted), and links to antimalarial drug resistance for each of the parasite's transporter genes. The breadth and depth of the gene disruption data are particularly impressive, with at least one phenotype determined in the parasite's asexual blood stage for each transporter gene, and multiple phenotypes available for 76% of the genes. Analysis of the curated data set revealed there to be relatively little redundancy in the Plasmodium transportome; almost two-thirds of the parasite's transporter genes are essential or required for normal growth in the asexual blood stage of the parasite, and this proportion increased to 78% when the disruption phenotypes available for the other parasite life stages were included in the analysis. These observations, together with the finding that 22% of the transportome is implicated in the parasite's resistance to existing antimalarials and/or drugs within the development pipeline, indicate that transporters are likely to serve, or are already serving, as drug targets. Integration of the different biological and bioinformatic data sets also enabled the selection of candidates for transport processes known to be essential for parasite survival, but for which the underlying proteins have thus far remained undiscovered. These include potential transporters of pantothenate, isoleucine, or isopentenyl diphosphate, as well as putative anion-selective channels that may serve as the pore component of the parasite's 'new permeation pathways'. Other novel insights into the parasite's biology included the identification of transporters for the potential development of antimalarial treatments, transmission-blocking drugs, prophylactics, and genetically attenuated vaccines. The syntheses presented herein set a foundation for elucidating the functions and physiological roles of key members of the Plasmodium transportome and, ultimately, to explore and realise their potential as therapeutic targets.
Topics: Biological Transport; Gene Expression Regulation; Genome, Protozoan; Plasmodium
PubMed: 31701663
DOI: 10.1111/brv.12565 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Dec 2016Phytohormones are a group of low abundance molecules that activate various metabolic and developmental processes in response to environmental and endogenous signals.... (Review)
Review
Phytohormones are a group of low abundance molecules that activate various metabolic and developmental processes in response to environmental and endogenous signals. Like animal hormones, plant hormones often have distinct source and target tissues, hence ensuring long-range communication at the whole-plant level. Plants rely on various hormone distribution mechanisms depending on the distance and the direction of the transport. Here, we highlight the recent findings on the long-distance movement of plant hormones within the vasculature, from the physiological role to the molecular mechanism of the transport.
Topics: Biological Transport; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Proteins; Plants; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 27340874
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.06.007