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Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and... 2009This article provides a review of bladder cancer etiology, diagnosis, and management for WOC nurses. Bladder cancer incidence continues to rise yearly in the United... (Review)
Review
This article provides a review of bladder cancer etiology, diagnosis, and management for WOC nurses. Bladder cancer incidence continues to rise yearly in the United States, and patients with bladder cancer comprise some of the most challenging cases in urologic oncology. Nurses are involved with all aspects of the processes of care for the patient with bladder cancer, from initial diagnosis and treatment to postsurgical care and follow-up. For nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer, treatment includes transurethral resection followed by intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy to prevent recurrence or progression. Radical cystectomy along with chemotherapy protocols provides a survival advantage for muscle invasive bladder cancer, although the timing of chemotherapy remains controversial. Numerous factors are considered when determining the type of urinary diversion used at the time of radical cystectomy, but patient, family, surgeon, and nursing input are essential for preserving an optimal health-related quality of life and reducing morbidity. Patients with metastatic bladder cancer are generally treated with a cisplatin-based chemotherapy but continue to have a poor prognosis. Newer therapies involving novel molecular-targeted agents provide hope for the future for patients with metastatic disease.
Topics: Cystectomy; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Ostomy; Survivors; United States; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 19609162
DOI: 10.1097/WON.0b013e3181aaf1e7 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2018Chemoradiation-based bladder preservation therapy (BPT) is currently a curative option for non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients at favorable... (Review)
Review
Chemoradiation-based bladder preservation therapy (BPT) is currently a curative option for non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients at favorable risk or an alternative to radical cystectomy (RC) for those who are unfit for RC. In BPT, only patients who achieve complete response (CR) after chemoradiation have a favorable prognosis and quality of life with a preserved functional bladder. Thus, predicting CR and favorable prognosis is important for optimal patient selection for BPT. We reviewed biomarkers for predicting the clinical outcomes of chemoradiation-based BPT. The biomarkers studied were categorized into those related to apoptosis, cell proliferation, receptor tyrosine kinases, DNA damage response genes, hypoxia, molecular subtype, and others. Among these biomarkers, the Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) and meiotic recombination 11 may be used for selecting BPT or RC. Ki-67 LI and erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (erbB2) may be used for predicting both the chemoradiation response and the prognosis of patients on BPT. Concurrent use of trastuzumab and a combination of carbogen and nicotinamide can overcome chemoradiation resistance conferred by erbB2 overexpression and tumor hypoxia. Further studies are needed to confirm the practical utility of these biomarkers for progress on biomarker-directed personalized management of MIBC patients.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Chemoradiotherapy; Disease Management; Humans; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Precision Medicine; Prognosis; Standard of Care; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 30223570
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092777 -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2011The authors present a case of a 42-year-old lady who visited her gynaecologist with dysuria and a sensation of incomplete voiding for 2 weeks. Urine culture grew...
The authors present a case of a 42-year-old lady who visited her gynaecologist with dysuria and a sensation of incomplete voiding for 2 weeks. Urine culture grew Escherichia coli and blood studies were normal. Pelvic ultrasound revealed a smooth well-defined mass arising from the bladder wall. She was referred to the urologist who requested CT and MRI for further evaluation. These modalities confirmed an intramural bladder mass with normal overlying mucosa. The mass was deemed contributory to her symptoms and a decision was made to excise the mass surgically. Via a transurethral approach, cystoscopy revealed a smooth well-circumscribed intramural mass. This was partially excised. The mass was found to be a leiomyoma. Except for an uncomplicated urinary tract infection, her postoperative course has been uneventful.
Topics: Adult; Cystoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Leiomyoma; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 22688470
DOI: 10.1136/bcr.01.2011.3739 -
Clinical Radiology Sep 1992
Review
Topics: Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Staging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 1395418
DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9260(05)80436-2 -
BJU International May 2017To review the literature to identify factors affecting haematuria assessment in bladder cancer. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To review the literature to identify factors affecting haematuria assessment in bladder cancer.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Publications indexed in EMBASE and Medline (PubMed) in March 2016 were searched, using the keywords 'hematuria', 'urinary bladder neoplasm(s)' and 'bladder tumor'. Studies evaluating the timeliness and adequacy of haematuria assessment in the context of bladder cancer were included. Exclusion criteria included age <18 years, animal studies and non-English articles.
RESULTS
Following our search strategy, a total of 17 articles were included in our study. All 17 studies commented on gender, with female gender associated with delayed and inadequate haematuria evaluation. Women waited longer than men for urological review (three studies) and bladder cancer diagnosis (three studies). Women were also less likely to be referred to urology (two studies), receive imaging (three studies) or have cystoscopy (two studies). In all, 10 studies commented on age, with the impression that advancing age is associated with a more thorough assessment. Smokers and those with microscopic haematuria appear to undergo a less thorough evaluation.
CONCLUSION
Female gender is associated with sub-optimal haematuria evaluation, while older patients are evaluated more thoroughly. Smokers paradoxically undergo less comprehensive assessment. Further research on the impact of other factors is required.
Topics: Age Factors; Cystoscopy; Cytodiagnosis; Hematuria; Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Sex Factors; Smoking; Time Factors; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 28544294
DOI: 10.1111/bju.13821 -
Urology Feb 2010
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Humans; Muscle, Smooth; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 20152490
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.08.066 -
European Urology Dec 2002This article is a summary of the 2001 French Urological Association (AFU) report on superficial bladder cancer. Major topics include histopathological classification,... (Review)
Review
This article is a summary of the 2001 French Urological Association (AFU) report on superficial bladder cancer. Major topics include histopathological classification, risk categories, natural history of the disease, standard treatments, the impact of molecular biology on clinical practice, the place of cystectomy, and modalities of intravesical instillations.
Topics: Cystectomy; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 12477647
DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(02)00466-9 -
The Journal of Urology Nov 2009
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; BCG Vaccine; Disease Progression; Humans; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 19758663
DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.07.148 -
American Society of Clinical Oncology... May 2018The treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is complex and requires a multidisciplinary collaboration among surgery, radiation, and medical oncology. Although... (Review)
Review
The treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is complex and requires a multidisciplinary collaboration among surgery, radiation, and medical oncology. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) and lymph node dissection has been considered the standard treatment for MIBC, many patients are unfit for surgery or cisplatin-ineligible, and considerations for bladder-preservation strategies not only are increasingly recognized as optimal treatment alternatives, but also should feature in the range of management options presented to patients at the time of diagnosis. Apart from chemotherapy, immunotherapy has also been used with success in locally advanced and metastatic bladder cancer and is moving into the MIBC space. Prospective studies addressing trends in management that span systemic, surgical, and radiation options for patients are discussed in this article.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease Management; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Perioperative Period; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 30231340
DOI: 10.1200/EDBK_201227 -
BioMed Research International 2021Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common cancer in North America and Europe that carries considerable morbidity and mortality. A reliable biomarker for early detection of the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common cancer in North America and Europe that carries considerable morbidity and mortality. A reliable biomarker for early detection of the bladder is crucial for improving the prognosis of BCA. In this meta-analysis, we examine the diagnostic role of the angiogenin (ANG) protein in patients' urine with bladder neoplasm.
METHODS
We performed a systematic literature search using ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase, up to 10 October 2020 databases. Meta-Disc V.1.4 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V.2.2 software calculated the pooled specificity, sensitivity, area under the curve (AUC), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive likelihood ratio (LR), negative likelihood ratio (LR), index, and summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) for the role of ANG as a urinary biomarker for BCa patients.
RESULTS
Four case-control studies were included with 656 participants (417 cases and 239 controls) in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.66-0.75), specificity of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.73-0.81), LR of 3.34 (95% CI: 2.02-5.53), LR of 0.37 (95% CI: 0.32-0.44), DOR of 9.99 (95% CI: 4.69-21.28), and AUC of 0.789 and index of 0.726 demonstrate acceptable diagnostic precision of ANG in identifying BCa.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis showed that ANG could be a fair biomarker for the diagnosis of BCa patients.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 33997007
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5557309