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Medicina Clinica Nov 2017Bladder cancer has a high incidence and involves high associated morbidity and mortality. Since its initial clinical suspicion, early diagnostic confirmation and... (Review)
Review
Bladder cancer has a high incidence and involves high associated morbidity and mortality. Since its initial clinical suspicion, early diagnostic confirmation and multimodal treatment involve different medical specialties. For this reason, we consider it important to spread the current consensus for its management. Recent advances in immunology and Chemotherapy make it necessary to expose and reflect on future perspectives.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Combined Modality Therapy; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Neoplasm Grading; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 28736063
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.06.009 -
Journal of Pediatric Urology Dec 2022Urothelial bladder neoplasm (UBN) is an uncommon lesion in children and adolescents, without established follow-up protocol defined for this patient group.
INTRODUCTION
Urothelial bladder neoplasm (UBN) is an uncommon lesion in children and adolescents, without established follow-up protocol defined for this patient group.
OBJECTIVES
To report our experience and long-term follow-up data on pediatric patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
METHODS
In this retrospective two center study, we analyzed the perioperative and long-term follow-up data of nine pediatric patients, who presented with neoplasms of urothelial origin within the urinary bladder between 2000 and 2021.
RESULTS
Nine patients were identified with a mean age of 11.9 years (range 4-19 years) and median follow up of 48 months (range 12-160 month). 7 were male. Gross hematuria was the most common presenting symptom, occurring in 6 patients, followed by accidental finding on US, performed for other reasons. Cystoscopy was performed under general anesthesia, and transurethral resection of the bladder tumors was carried out in the same session. All patients had a solitary tumor with a mean size of 11 mm (range 6-15 mm). Pathology revealed 3 cases of papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), 5 cases of low grade (LG) noninvasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) and one case of high-grade (HG) UC invading lamina propria (pT1). All 8 patients with low grade tumor underwent follow up according to adult follow-up protocols without tumor recurrences to date. The single patient with HG pT1 UC, a 14-year-old female after renal transplantation, who was not eligible for intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) installations due to immunosuppression, underwent 6 sessions of Radiofrequency-induced Thermo-chemotherapy with mitomycin, without complications. She had no recurrence to date, during a 4-year post treatment follow up.
CONCLUSION
Pediatric non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), seems to have a good prognosis with infrequent recurrences, which might be in favor of a more spacious follow up plan with less invasive diagnostic modalities as opposed to adult NMIBC population. To the best of our knowledge this is the single description of Heated Intravesical Chemotherapy efficacy for HG UC in the pediatric population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Child; Humans; Male; Infant; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder; Retrospective Studies; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Administration, Intravesical; Neoplasm Invasiveness
PubMed: 35871900
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.06.026 -
Australian Family Physician Apr 2011Over 2000 cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed in Australia in 2005. Bladder cancer is a relatively common disease with high morbidity if left untreated. Bladder...
BACKGROUND
Over 2000 cases of bladder cancer were diagnosed in Australia in 2005. Bladder cancer is a relatively common disease with high morbidity if left untreated. Bladder cancer is categorised as either 'nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer' or 'muscle invasive bladder cancer'. Treatment varies significantly for each type.
OBJECTIVE
This article provides an update on the presentation of bladder cancer, its risk factors, investigations and treatment, and discusses the role of chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment.
DISCUSSION
Bladder cancer most commonly presents with microscopic or macroscopic haematuria. Evaluation is required of all patients with macroscopic haematuria, patients with persistent microscopic haematuria, and at risk patients with a single episode of microscopic haematuria. Evaluation consists of imaging, urine cytology and cystoscopy. Nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer patients can undergo tumour resection with adjuvant intravesical treatments, while muscle invasive bladder cancer patients are optimally treated with cystectomy and urinary diversion.
Topics: Australia; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Risk Factors; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 21597531
DOI: No ID Found -
AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Jun 2020The purpose of this article is to review the natural history and management of bladder cancer, with insight into MRI applications for the assessment of muscle... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this article is to review the natural history and management of bladder cancer, with insight into MRI applications for the assessment of muscle invasiveness of bladder cancer using the newly developed Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) score. Multiparametric MRI and the VI-RADS score have been consistently validated across several different institutions as appropriate tools for local staging of bladder cancer and have been proven to contribute to the diagnostic workup and management of urinary bladder cancer.
Topics: Contrast Media; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 32286874
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.20.22763 -
Actas Urologicas Espanolas Jan 2007To compare evolution in patients with urothelial upper tract tumor (UUTT) in whom we performed the classic open approach to the distal ureter with those in whom whe... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To compare evolution in patients with urothelial upper tract tumor (UUTT) in whom we performed the classic open approach to the distal ureter with those in whom whe performed the endoscopic approach. We study the bladder recurrences in each group and the factors which may influx on the evolution.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Retrospective review of nephroureterectomies in our department in the last 20 years. Group A (n:24): double incision (lumbar and pelvic incision), Group B (n:29): endoscopical approach of the distal ureter and classic lumbar incision. A descriptive study is first performed in which we review: sex, and patients age, background transuretral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), UUTT side, and UUTT location (calices, pelvis or urether). Pathological stage and tumor grade are also exposed. Secondly, a review of the bladder recurrences in each group is performed. In order to find differences between de groups we used the Fisher's Exact test.
RESULTS
We observed that in terms of bladder recurrence there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups favoring Group B (p < 0.036), which means that there are less bladder recidives when perform endoscopic approach of distal ureter. Noneless due to the groups inhomogeneity in tumor stage, grade, and location, this differences seem to be associated to these sigues, more than to the approach to the ureter as an independant variable. In that concerning to the eventual relationship between bladder recidive and background of previous TURBT, we have not found any differences between the two groups but there are statystically significant difference in the global series. The small number of recurrences (13) does not allow us to establish a well based conclusion on this issue, but it seems that the background of previous TURBT is an important factor that may influx in posterior bladder recurrences.
CONCLUSIONS
In our results, endoscopic approach of distal ureter in nephroureterectomy for UUTT does seems to positively influx in the posterior chance of bladder recurrences. But the studied sample is small and the two groups have not been aleatorized because of ethical reasons. May the low number of cases affect the test's statistical potency. It seems that previous TURBT may conditionate these recurrences, as we show in global serie. It should be necessary a prospective and statistically analised multicenter trial to understand if distal ureter approach influx on the evolution of these tumors.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Second Primary; Nephrectomy; Retrospective Studies; Ureter; Ureteral Neoplasms; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urologic Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 17410982
DOI: 10.1016/s0210-4806(07)73589-1 -
International Journal of Clinical and... 2014Xanthogranulomatous cystitis is a rare, benign chronic inflammatory disorder with unclear etiology. Since its similar features to bladder neoplasm, it is extremely easy... (Review)
Review
Xanthogranulomatous cystitis is a rare, benign chronic inflammatory disorder with unclear etiology. Since its similar features to bladder neoplasm, it is extremely easy to be mistaken for malignant tumor. We herein reported a case of xanthogranulomatous cystitis in a 54-year-old male who presented with low abdominal pain and painless, total macrohematuria. Microscopy showed proliferation of large foam histiocytes which expressed CD68 and vimentin. Ki-67 showed a lower proliferation index (< 10%). Histopathology and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the diagnosis. This case highlighted the significance of recognizing this unusual lesion and differentiating it from its histological mimics by immunohistochemical staining.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Cystitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 25550882
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Nov 1998
Review
Topics: Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Hematuria; Humans; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; Occupational Exposure; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 9812938
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.317.7169.1366 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Mar 1981
Topics: Humans; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 6783224
DOI: No ID Found -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Dec 1996Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in England and Wales. The most common presenting symptom is macroscopic haematuria. The management options for... (Review)
Review
Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in England and Wales. The most common presenting symptom is macroscopic haematuria. The management options for superficial and invasive bladder cancer depend on the stage at presentation. Most superficial bladder cancers are managed by transurethral resection and cytoscopic follow-up. The prognosis for patients with invasive bladder cancer is less good. The role of chemical, radiotherapeutic and surgical intervention are discussed.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urinary Diversion
PubMed: 9015464
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.72.854.719 -
Hematology/oncology Clinics of North... Jun 2021Radical cystectomy is curative in only approximately 50% of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Although perioperative radiotherapy has been tested with the... (Review)
Review
Radical cystectomy is curative in only approximately 50% of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Although perioperative radiotherapy has been tested with the intent of improving locoregional disease control, there currently is no role for this modality in routine care. Perioperative systemic therapy is used with the intent of reducing the risk of systemic recurrence. Robust trial evidence supports the use of neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy, with adjuvant chemotherapy offered as an alternative if neoadjuvant therapy is not administered. Perioperative immunotherapy represents the next frontier in perioperative therapy. Further biomarker development is required to guide treatment in individual patients.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Cisplatin; Cystectomy; Humans; Muscles; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 33958147
DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2021.02.002