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Nanomedicine (London, England) Apr 2013Natural bone tissue possesses a nanocomposite structure that provides appropriate physical and biological properties. For bone tissue regeneration, it is crucial for the... (Review)
Review
Natural bone tissue possesses a nanocomposite structure that provides appropriate physical and biological properties. For bone tissue regeneration, it is crucial for the biomaterial to mimic living bone tissue. Since no single type of material is able to mimic the composition, structure and properties of native bone, nanocomposites are the best choice for bone tissue regeneration as they can provide the appropriate matrix environment, integrate desirable biological properties, and provide controlled, sequential delivery of multiple growth factors for the different stages of bone tissue regeneration. This article reviews the composition, structure and properties of advanced nanocomposites for bone tissue regeneration. It covers aspects of interest such as the biomimetic synthesis of bone-like nanocomposites, guided bone regeneration from inert biomaterials and bioactive nanocomposites, and nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. The design, fabrication, and in vitro and in vivo characterization of such nanocomposites are reviewed.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Bone and Bones; Humans; Nanocomposites; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 23560413
DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.44 -
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy Apr 2024Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small-molecule peptides with a unique antimicrobial mechanism. Other notable biological activities of AMPs, including... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small-molecule peptides with a unique antimicrobial mechanism. Other notable biological activities of AMPs, including anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis, and bone formation effects, have recently received widespread attention. These remarkable bioactivities, combined with the unique antimicrobial mechanism of action of AMPs, have led to their increasingly important role in bone regeneration.
AREAS COVERED
In this review, on the one hand, we aimed to summarize information about the AMPs that are currently used for bone regeneration by reviewing published literature in the PubMed database. On the other hand, we also highlight some AMPs with potential roles in bone regeneration and their possible mechanisms of action.
EXPERT OPINION
The translation of AMPs to the clinic still faces many problems, but their unique antimicrobial mechanisms and other conspicuous biological activities suggest great potential. An in-depth understanding of the structure and mechanism of action of AMPs will help us to subsequently combine AMPs with different carrier systems and perform structural modifications to reduce toxicity and achieve stable release, which may be a key strategy for facilitating the translation of AMPs to the clinic.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Humans; Antimicrobial Peptides; Animals
PubMed: 38567503
DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2337239 -
Biomaterials Mar 2019Advances in the understanding of the complexities of the Wnt signaling pathway during development and tissue homeostasis have made the Wnt pathway one of the prime... (Review)
Review
Advances in the understanding of the complexities of the Wnt signaling pathway during development and tissue homeostasis have made the Wnt pathway one of the prime candidates for translational applications during tissue regeneration. Wnts are key components of the stem cell niche and are short range signaling molecules responsible for cellular decisions such as proliferation and differentiation. Systemic treatment using biologics targeting the Wnt signaling pathway have shown promising early results and will likely enter the clinical arena in the near future. This comprehensive review summarizes the intricacies how Wnts function in the context of the bone regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Stem Cell Niche; Stem Cells; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing
PubMed: 29573821
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.029 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023The process of repairing significant bone defects requires the recruitment of a considerable number of cells for osteogenesis-related activities, which implies the... (Review)
Review
The process of repairing significant bone defects requires the recruitment of a considerable number of cells for osteogenesis-related activities, which implies the consumption of a substantial amount of oxygen and nutrients. Therefore, the limited supply of nutrients and oxygen at the defect site is a vital constraint that affects the regenerative effect, which is closely related to the degree of a well-established vascular network. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), which is an essential transcription factor activated in hypoxic environments, plays a vital role in vascular network construction. HIF-1α, which plays a central role in regulating cartilage and bone formation, induces vascular invasion and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells to promote and maintain extracellular matrix production by mediating the adaptive response of cells to changes in oxygen levels. However, the application of HIF-1α in bone tissue engineering is still controversial. As such, clarifying the function of HIF-1α in regulating the bone regeneration process is one of the urgent issues that need to be addressed. This review provides insight into the mechanisms of HIF-1α action in bone regeneration and related recent advances. It also describes current strategies for applying hypoxia induction and hypoxia mimicry in bone tissue engineering, providing theoretical support for the use of HIF-1α in establishing a novel and feasible bone repair strategy in clinical settings.
Topics: Humans; Bone and Bones; Bone Regeneration; Hypoxia; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Oxygen; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 37175732
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098029 -
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2017Background & Objective: Bone defects caused by bone fractures, malformations, postoperation on tumor and even periodontitis have became serious clinical problems.... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Background & Objective: Bone defects caused by bone fractures, malformations, postoperation on tumor and even periodontitis have became serious clinical problems. Although the exact origin of osteoblast precursors is still obscure, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that originate from local bone marrow, periosteum, endosteum, mineralized bone or systemic circulation play key roles in osteoblastic differentiation and secretion of multiple factors during spontaneous healing of bone trauma or defect. Substantial evidences have shown that systemically infused MSCs can home and participate in bone tissue repair or regeneration. Applying pharmacological molecules to promote MSC homing or to mobilize MSCs in bone marrow niche to increase the amount of MSCs in the peripheral blood has been demonstrated to be important strategies to enhance MSC homing. However, there are some systemic conditions which influence MSC homing.
SUMMARY
In this paper, we review both systemic and local homing of MSCs during bone regeneration, and discuss strategies for enhancing the recruitment of MSCs to the injured bone tissues. Systemic influences of MSC homing are also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Cell Differentiation; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteoblasts; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 25670062
DOI: 10.2174/1574888X10666150211160604 -
Biomolecules Mar 2019The natural polyphenol Resveratrol (RSV) claims numerous positive effects on health due to the well documented biological effects demonstrating its potential as a... (Review)
Review
The natural polyphenol Resveratrol (RSV) claims numerous positive effects on health due to the well documented biological effects demonstrating its potential as a disease-preventing agent and as adjuvant for treatment of a wide variety of chronic diseases. Since several studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have highlighted the protective bone aptitude of RSV both as promoter of osteoblasts' proliferation and antagonist of osteoclasts' differentiation, they could be interesting in view of applications in the field of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. This review has brought together experimental findings on the use of RSV in the regeneration of bone tissue comprising also its application associated with scaffolds and non-transfusional hemocomponents.
Topics: Animals; Bone Regeneration; Chronic Disease; Humans; Resveratrol; Surgery, Oral
PubMed: 30857241
DOI: 10.3390/biom9030094 -
Advanced Healthcare Materials May 2023For regeneration of highly vascularized and innervated tissues, like bone, simultaneous ingrowth of blood vessels and nerves is essential but largely neglected. To...
For regeneration of highly vascularized and innervated tissues, like bone, simultaneous ingrowth of blood vessels and nerves is essential but largely neglected. To address this issue, a "pre-angiogenic" cell-laden scaffold with durable angiogenic functions is prepared according to the bioactivities of silicate bioceramics and the instructive effects of vascular cells on neurogenesis and bone repair. Compared with traditional cell-free scaffolds, the prepared cell-laden scaffolds printed with active cells and bioactive inks can support long-term cell survival and growth for three weeks. The long-lived scaffolds exhibited durable angiogenic capability both in vitro and in vivo. The pre-angiogenic scaffolds can induce the neurogenetic differentiation of neural cells and the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by the synergistic effects of released bioactive ions and the ability of vascular cells to attract neurons. The enhanced bone regeneration with both vascularization and innervation is attributed to these physiological functions of the pre-angiogenic cell-laden scaffolds, which is defined as "vascular-innervated" bone regeneration. It is suggested that the concept of "vascular-innervated scaffolds" may represent the future direction of biomaterials for complex tissue/organ regeneration.
Topics: Osteogenesis; Tissue Scaffolds; Bone Regeneration; Biocompatible Materials; Bone and Bones; Cell Differentiation; Tissue Engineering; Printing, Three-Dimensional
PubMed: 36748277
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201923 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Aug 2022In recent years it has been increasingly appreciated that blood vessels are not simply suppliers of nutrients and oxygen, but actually play an exquisite regulatory role... (Review)
Review
In recent years it has been increasingly appreciated that blood vessels are not simply suppliers of nutrients and oxygen, but actually play an exquisite regulatory role in bone development and repair. A specialized kind of endothelium, named type H because of its high expression of CD31 and Endomucin, constitutes anatomically defined vessels in proximity of the epiphyseal growth plate. Type H endothelium regulates the proliferation and differentiation of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts through the secretion of angiocrine signals and is a hub for the bidirectional molecular crosstalk between the different cell populations of the osteogenic microenvironment. Type H vessels are a key target for current translational approaches aiming at coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis for bone repair. Open questions remain about their presence and features in notstereotyped tissues, like engineered osteogenic grafts, and the opportunities for their clinical stimulation by pharmacological treatments.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Cell Differentiation; Osteogenesis; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 35841865
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102750 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Nov 2015Bone tissue has a remarkable ability to regenerate and heal itself. However, large bone defects and complex fractures still present a significant challenge to the... (Review)
Review
Bone tissue has a remarkable ability to regenerate and heal itself. However, large bone defects and complex fractures still present a significant challenge to the medical community. Current treatments center on metal implants for structural and mechanical support and auto- or allo-grafts to substitute long bone defects. Metal implants are associated with several complications such as implant loosening and infections. Bone grafts suffer from donor site morbidity, reduced bioactivity, and risk of pathogen transmission. Surgical implants can be modified to provide vital biological cues, growth factors and cells in order to improve osseointegration and repair of bone defects. Here we review strategies and technologies to engineer metal surfaces to promote osseointegration with the host tissue. We also discuss strategies for modifying implants for cell adhesion and bone growth via integrin signaling and growth factor and cytokine delivery for bone defect repair.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Regeneration; Bone-Implant Interface; Cytokines; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Polymers; Surface Properties; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 25861724
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.013 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Apr 2015The focus of this review is to summarize recent advances on regenerative technologies (scaffolding matrices, cell/gene therapy and biologic drug delivery) to promote... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The focus of this review is to summarize recent advances on regenerative technologies (scaffolding matrices, cell/gene therapy and biologic drug delivery) to promote reconstruction of tooth and dental implant-associated bone defects.
METHODS
An overview of scaffolds developed for application in bone regeneration is presented with an emphasis on identifying the primary criteria required for optimized scaffold design for the purpose of regenerating physiologically functional osseous tissues. Growth factors and other biologics with clinical potential for osteogenesis are examined, with a comprehensive assessment of pre-clinical and clinical studies. Potential novel improvements to current matrix-based delivery platforms for increased control of growth factor spatiotemporal release kinetics are highlighting including recent advancements in stem cell and gene therapy.
RESULTS
An analysis of existing scaffold materials, their strategic design for tissue regeneration, and use of growth factors for improved bone formation in oral regenerative therapies results in the identification of current limitations and required improvements to continue moving the field of bone tissue engineering forward into the clinical arena.
SIGNIFICANCE
Development of optimized scaffolding matrices for the predictable regeneration of structurally and physiologically functional osseous tissues is still an elusive goal. The introduction of growth factor biologics and cells has the potential to improve the biomimetic properties and regenerative potential of scaffold-based delivery platforms for next-generation patient-specific treatments with greater clinical outcome predictability.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Humans; Mouth; Osseointegration; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 25701146
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.01.006