-
Annals of Clinical Psychiatry :... 2005Haloperidol was synthesized on the 11th of February 1958 at the Janssen Laboratories, in Belgium. Soon after its synthesis and animal studies, which suggested to Paul...
Haloperidol was synthesized on the 11th of February 1958 at the Janssen Laboratories, in Belgium. Soon after its synthesis and animal studies, which suggested to Paul Janssen and his colleagues that this butyrophenone drug would be of great interest as its action was similar but much more powerful than that of chlorpromazine, haloperidol was administered to humans at the Liege hospital. The subsequent clinical studies confirmed that this new drug was particularly active against delusions and hallucinations. The introduction of haloperidol in the United States of America was difficult for clinical and legal reasons. For many years, haloperidol had been widely used in western countries, until the introduction of "new antipsychotics."
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Belgium; Butyrophenones; France; Haloperidol; History, 20th Century; Humans; Schizophrenia; United States
PubMed: 16433054
DOI: 10.1080/10401230591002048 -
ACS Nano Apr 2012We demonstrate the one-dimensional confinement of weakly bound butyrophenone molecules between strongly bound complexes formed via reaction with oxygen on TiO(2)(110)....
We demonstrate the one-dimensional confinement of weakly bound butyrophenone molecules between strongly bound complexes formed via reaction with oxygen on TiO(2)(110). Butyrophenone weakly bound to Ti rows through the carbonyl oxygen diffuses freely in one dimension along the rows even at 55 K, persisting for many minutes before hopping out of the 1-D well. Quantitative analysis yields an estimate of the migration barrier of 0.11 eV and a frequency factor of 6.5 × 10(9) Hz. These studies demonstrate that weakly bound organic molecules can be confined on a surface by creating molecular barriers, potentially altering their assembly.
Topics: Adsorption; Butyrophenones; Diffusion; Motion; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Surface Properties; Temperature; Titanium
PubMed: 22452747
DOI: 10.1021/nn300949q -
Zeitschrift Fur Neurologie 1972
Topics: Amines; Antiparkinson Agents; Basal Ganglia; Butyrophenones; Dementia; Female; Gait; Haloperidol; Humans; Middle Aged; Movement Disorders; Phenothiazines; Piperidines; Posture
PubMed: 4115928
DOI: 10.1007/BF00316159 -
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Aug 2008The synthesis and exploration of novel butyrophenones have led to the identification of a diazepane analogue of haloperidol,...
The synthesis and exploration of novel butyrophenones have led to the identification of a diazepane analogue of haloperidol, 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one (compound 13) with an interesting multireceptor binding profile. Compound 13 was evaluated for its binding affinities at DA subtype receptors, 5HT subtype receptors, H-1, M-1 receptors and at NET, DAT, and SERT transporters. At each of these receptors, compound 13 was equipotent or better than several of the standards currently in use. In in vivo mouse and rat models to evaluate its efficacy and propensity to elicit catalepsy and hence EPS in humans, compound 13 showed similar efficacy as clozapine and did not produce catalepsy at five times its ED(50) value.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Apomorphine; Azepines; Butyrophenones; Clozapine; Haloperidol; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Molecular Structure; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stereotyped Behavior; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 18595716
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.030 -
The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Jun 1970
Review
Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Butyrophenones; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chromatography; Chromatography, Paper; Diphyllobothrium; Helminthiasis; Phloroglucinol; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 4396099
DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1970.tb08551.x -
International Pharmacopsychiatry 197720 psychotic - predominantly schizophrenic - patients underwent treatment with the new butyrophenone derivative bromperidol for a period of 4 weeks; the drug was...
20 psychotic - predominantly schizophrenic - patients underwent treatment with the new butyrophenone derivative bromperidol for a period of 4 weeks; the drug was administered in the form of 1 mg tablets. The daily dose (initial dose: 1 mg; mean dose at the end of the trial: 4.47 mg) was always administered in one single dose. 19 patients finished the trial, and in 18 cases the therapeutic result was considered very good to good. These results were confirmed by statistical analysis. Nine patients exhibited mild to moderate extrapyramidal concomitant symptoms; no other side effects were observed. The results of detailed laboratory tests and evaluations of various quantitative and qualitative tolerability parameters were not indicative of toxic effects. The therapeutic value of this new substance will be demonstrated by a double-blind study.
Topics: Adult; Bromine; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 873716
DOI: 10.1159/000468282 -
Current Opinion in Critical Care Aug 2002Although the administration of sedatives is a commonplace activity in the ICU, few guidelines are available to aid the clinician in this practice. The first principle of... (Review)
Review
Although the administration of sedatives is a commonplace activity in the ICU, few guidelines are available to aid the clinician in this practice. The first principle of sedative administration is to define the specific problem requiring sedation and to rationally choose the drug and depth of sedation appropriate for the indication. Next, the clinician must recognize the diverse and often unpredictable effects of critical illness on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Failure to recognize these effects may lead initially to inadequate sedation and subsequently to drug accumulation. Drug accumulation may result in prolonged encephalopathy and mechanical ventilation and may mask the development of neurologic or intra-abdominal complications. Daily interruption of continuous sedative infusions is a simple and effective way of addressing this problem. A glossary of sedative drugs commonly used in the ICU is included in this review.
Topics: Benzodiazepines; Butyrophenones; Conscious Sedation; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Humans; Narcotics; Propofol; Respiration, Artificial
PubMed: 12386488
DOI: 10.1097/00075198-200208000-00004 -
Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior Oct 1977The effects on feeding and drinking of various doses of droperidol, haloperidol and spiroperidol were studied in a number of paradigms. All three buryrophenones produced...
The effects on feeding and drinking of various doses of droperidol, haloperidol and spiroperidol were studied in a number of paradigms. All three buryrophenones produced generally similar effects. After food deprivation, feeding was slightly increased at low doses but was decreased at the higher doses; the concomitant postprandial drinking was attenuated at all doses. Desalivate rats showed a marked attenuation of feeding (and prandial drinking) at low doses, but when wet mash was given instead of pellets and water a normal dose-response relationship was obtained. After water deprivation drinking was attenuated at all doses, and when food was also available during the drinking test the food intake was decreased in proportion to the drinking. Drinking was blocked more when food was present than in its absence. Insulin and 2-deoxyglucose induced feeding in sated rats was attenuated but not abolished by haloperidol. The findings are discussed relative to the role of activation and brain catecholamines in feeding and drinking.
Topics: Animals; Butyrophenones; Deoxyglucose; Drinking Behavior; Droperidol; Feeding Behavior; Food Deprivation; Haloperidol; Hunger; Insulin; Male; Rats; Salivary Glands; Spiperone; Thirst; Water Deprivation
PubMed: 928487
DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(77)90223-4 -
Medicinal Chemistry (Shariqah (United... 2014Due to the wide range of chemical structures and variety of mechanisms of action of antischizophrenic agents, it is difficult to identify and confirm a common... (Review)
Review
Due to the wide range of chemical structures and variety of mechanisms of action of antischizophrenic agents, it is difficult to identify and confirm a common pharmacophore. The present review summarizes various pharmacophore models for antischizophrenic activity including those based on the new targets, the kynurenine aminotransferase (KATs), which may facilitate the development of novel drugs. Some models illustrate the structural differences of compounds with mechanisms of action considered similar, and yet others demonstrate pharmacophore models for similar chemical classes of compounds for which the mechanism of antischizophrenic action is still not clear. In this study, we discuss the pharmacophore models for antipsychotics including phenothiazine, butyrophenone, thioxanthene, and atypical agents along with the novel antischizophrenic agents which are inhibitors of KATs isozymes.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Butyrophenones; Humans; Molecular Structure; Phenothiazines; Schizophrenia; Structure-Activity Relationship; Transaminases
PubMed: 24372388
DOI: 10.2174/1573406410666131229150746 -
Journal of Separation Science Oct 2018Six compounds including two n-butyrophenone isomers and two stibene isomers were obtained from Rheum tanguticum Maxim. Two n-butyrophenone isomers with a separation...
Separation of six compounds including two n-butyrophenone isomers and two stibene isomers from Rheum tanguticum Maxim by recycling high speed counter-current chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography.
Six compounds including two n-butyrophenone isomers and two stibene isomers were obtained from Rheum tanguticum Maxim. Two n-butyrophenone isomers with a separation factor of 1.14 were successfully separated by recycling high-speed counter-current chromatography after ten cycles. Two stibene isomers were successfully separated by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the purities of the compounds were all over 98%. These compounds were identified as lindleyin, isolindleyin, resveratrol-4'-O-(2″-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside, resveratrol-4'-O-(6''-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside, emodin 1-O-β-d-glucoside, and 3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. The results indicated that recycling high-speed counter-current chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography could be effective combination for the preparation of bioactive compounds from Rheum tanguticum Maxim.
Topics: Antimony; Butyrophenones; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Countercurrent Distribution; Rheum; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 30058764
DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800411