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Pediatric Clinics of North America Apr 1986Antipsychotic agents are widely used for the treatment of psychotic disorders as well as for the acute treatment of nausea and vomiting, cough and cold treatments, and... (Review)
Review
Antipsychotic agents are widely used for the treatment of psychotic disorders as well as for the acute treatment of nausea and vomiting, cough and cold treatments, and as supplementary agents for sedation for minor surgical or diagnostic procedures. There are many different circumstances in which the clinician may encounter a child who has experienced antipsychotic drug toxicity, such as from an acute accidental ingestion or as a side effect from therapeutic use. The phenothiazines and butyrophenone drugs have many pharmacologic actions. Thus, a wide range of clinical symptoms and signs may be encountered with their use. Treatment of antipsychotic drug toxicity includes general supportive care and monitoring, along with specific treatment of certain situations such as acute extrapyramidal syndromes and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. An awareness of the diverse and complex manifestations that may be associated with these agents will greatly aid in the evaluation of a child who presents with unusual behavioral or neurologic problems. Due to the unpredictable toxicity of these drugs, routine therapeutic use for such conditions as nausea and vomiting and as cough or cold aids is not recommended.
Topics: Absorption; Adolescent; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Benztropine; Butyrophenones; Cardiovascular System; Central Nervous System; Charcoal; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Child, Preschool; Coma; Dantrolene; Diagnosis, Differential; Diphenhydramine; Female; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Ipecac; Kinetics; Liver; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome; Phenothiazines; Photosensitivity Disorders
PubMed: 2870459
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)35003-9 -
Emergency Medicine Australasia : EMA Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome; Lewy Body Disease; Antipsychotic Agents; Butyrophenones
PubMed: 36316025
DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14113 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Sep 2018
Review
Topics: Academies and Institutes; Animals; Butyrophenones; Consumer Product Safety; Databases, Chemical; Humans; Perfume; Registries; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 29932996
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.031 -
European Journal of Pharmacology Mar 1976Interaction of neuroleptic drugs with the opiate receptors was investigated by inhibition of the stereospecific binding of 3H-naloxone. Benperidol and pimozide, with...
Interaction of neuroleptic drugs with the opiate receptors was investigated by inhibition of the stereospecific binding of 3H-naloxone. Benperidol and pimozide, with IC50's of 0.3-0.5 muM, were more potent than the classical opiates meperidine and propoxyphene. A systematic structure-activity relationship was evident with the basic opiate structure of a benzene and a piperidine ring preserved in active compounds. No correlation between neuroleptic activity and binding to the opiate receptor was demonstrated.
Topics: Animals; Benperidol; Benzimidazoles; Brain; Butyrophenones; Dextropropoxyphene; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Meperidine; Naloxone; Phenothiazines; Pimozide; Rats; Receptors, Drug; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 1261596
DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(76)90277-6 -
AANA Journal Aug 2005Droperidol has been an efficacious, inexpensive butyrophenone used since the early 1970s to prevent or treat postoperative nausea and vomiting. Because of reports of... (Review)
Review
Droperidol has been an efficacious, inexpensive butyrophenone used since the early 1970s to prevent or treat postoperative nausea and vomiting. Because of reports of sudden cardiac death in patients receiving droperidol, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently placed significant restrictions on its administration. These restrictions have essentially removed droperidol from use. Haloperidol is another butyrophenone with antiemetic properties but without the FDA restrictions. This article reviews the literature regarding haloperidol and supports its use as a safe substitute for droperidol in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Topics: Antiemetics; Butyrophenones; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Droperidol; Haloperidol; Humans; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
PubMed: 16108408
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Nov 1963
Topics: Butyrophenones; Chlorpromazine; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Psychological Tests; Schizophrenia; Tranquilizing Agents; Trifluperidol
PubMed: 14051242
DOI: 10.1176/ajp.120.5.485 -
Postepy Higieny I Medycyny... 1969
Comparative Study Review
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Brain Chemistry; Butyrophenones; Conditioning, Classical; Drug Synergism; Humans; Neuroleptanalgesia; Phenothiazines; Shock, Traumatic; Sympathomimetics; Tranquilizing Agents
PubMed: 4908589
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychosomatics 1973
Review
Topics: Affective Symptoms; Aminobutyrates; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Brain Diseases; Butyrophenones; Cell Membrane Permeability; Conditioning, Classical; Dopamine; Electroencephalography; Haloperidol; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neurotic Disorders; Norepinephrine; Psychological Tests; Receptors, Drug; Schizophrenia; Stimulation, Chemical
PubMed: 4604517
DOI: 10.1016/S0033-3182(73)71322-0 -
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics :... Apr 2013The photofragmentation of butyrophenone yields benzoate and a propyl radical on oxidized TiO2(110). Oxygen dissociates in native oxygen vacancies to produce reactive...
The photofragmentation of butyrophenone yields benzoate and a propyl radical on oxidized TiO2(110). Oxygen dissociates in native oxygen vacancies to produce reactive oxygen adatoms which react with butyrophenone to create photoactive butyrophenone-O complexes that are sensitive to hole oxidation created upon UV illumination. The same O adatoms also trap one of the primary photoproducts, phenyl-CO, to produce benzoate. The reaction proceeds via a Norrish Type I like process involving α-CC cleavage on the surface, in contrast to the gas phase where a Norrish Type II pathway predominates. The mechanism is probed using mass spectrometry and, for the first time, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Our STM experiments show that there is a 1-to-1 correspondence between the immobile butyrophenone-O complex and formation of a benzoate on the surface. We also demonstrate that the benzoate species is in close proximity to the original butyrophenone complex, indicating that benzoate is produced on a time scale more rapid than diffusion of the photoproducts. While the photoproducts of butyrophenone decomposition are similar to ketone oxidation reported previously, butyrophenone reacts via a different starting ground state, based on STM and density functional theory studies. Specifically, butyrophenone does not produce a dioxyalkylene species, which has been proposed to be the photoactive state for other ketones. Based on a combination of STM experiments and density functional theory, we propose that a peroxy-like configuration where the oxygen adatom stabilizes the butyrophenone through its carbonyl oxygen is the surface intermediate that photodecomposes. These results demonstrate the importance of the excited state in determining the photochemistry of ketones on surfaces.
Topics: Benzoates; Butyrophenones; Models, Molecular; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Photochemical Processes; Surface Properties; Temperature; Titanium
PubMed: 23455572
DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44602f -
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters Dec 1998We describe a practical and efficient route for synthesis of 2-aminomethyl-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-4H-carbazol-4-ones using an effective Fisher indole methodology. The most...
We describe a practical and efficient route for synthesis of 2-aminomethyl-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-4H-carbazol-4-ones using an effective Fisher indole methodology. The most active compounds, 4b (QF 2003B) and 4c (QF 2004B), with pKi (5-HT2A/D2) ratio of 1.28 show an antipsychotic profile according to Meltzer's classification.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Butyrophenones; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Serotonin
PubMed: 9934473
DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00639-8