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Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Jan 2021
Review
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates; Disaccharides; Fructose; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin; Monosaccharides
PubMed: 33397651
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040568 -
Annual Review of Biochemistry 1965
Review
Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Nucleotides
PubMed: 14321172
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bi.34.070165.001501 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2021has a strong carbohydrate utilization ability. This characteristic plays an important role in its gastrointestinal tract colonization and probiotic effects. LP-F1...
has a strong carbohydrate utilization ability. This characteristic plays an important role in its gastrointestinal tract colonization and probiotic effects. LP-F1 presents a high carbohydrate utilization capacity. The genome analysis of 165 strains indicated the species has a plenty of carbohydrate metabolism genes, presenting a strain specificity. Furthermore, two-component systems (TCSs) analysis revealed that the species has more TCSs than other lactic acid bacteria, and the distribution of TCS also shows the strain specificity. In order to clarify the sugar metabolism mechanism under different carbohydrate fermentation conditions, the expressions of 27 carbohydrate metabolism genes, catabolite control protein A (CcpA) gene and TCSs genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR technology. The correlation analysis between the expressions of regulatory genes and sugar metabolism genes showed that some regulatory genes were correlated with most of the sugar metabolism genes, suggesting that some TCSs might be involved in the regulation of sugar metabolism.
Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Fermentation; Lactobacillaceae; Lactobacillus; Lactobacillus plantarum; Probiotics
PubMed: 34948249
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413452 -
Experimental Parasitology May 2021The human pathogenic trypanosomatid species collectively called the "TriTryp parasites" - Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. - have complex life... (Review)
Review
The human pathogenic trypanosomatid species collectively called the "TriTryp parasites" - Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. - have complex life cycles, with each of these parasitic protists residing in a different niche during their successive developmental stages where they encounter diverse nutrients. Consequently, they adapt their metabolic network accordingly. Yet, throughout the life cycles, carbohydrate metabolism - involving the glycolytic, gluconeogenic and pentose-phosphate pathways - always plays a central role in the biology of these parasites, whether the available carbon and free energy sources are saccharides, amino acids or lipids. In this paper, we provide an updated review of the carbohydrate metabolism of the TriTryps, highlighting new data about this metabolic network, the interconnection of its pathways and the compartmentalisation of its enzymes within glycosomes, cytosol and mitochondrion. Differences in the expression of the branches of the metabolic network between the successive life-cycle stages of each of these parasitic trypanosomatids are discussed, as well as differences between them. Recent structural and kinetic studies have revealed unique regulatory mechanisms for some of the network's key enzymes with important species-specific variations. Furthermore, reports of multiple post-translational modifications of trypanosomal glycolytic enzymes suggest that additional mechanisms for stage- and/or environmental cues that regulate activity are operational in the parasites. The detailed comparison of the carbohydrate metabolism of the TriTryps has thus revealed multiple differences and a greater complexity, including for the reduced metabolic network in bloodstream-form T. brucei, than previously appreciated. Although these parasites are related, share many cytological and metabolic features and are grouped within a single taxonomic family, the differences highlighted in this review reflect their separate evolutionary tracks from a common ancestor to the extant organisms. These differences are indicative of their adaptation to the different insect vectors and niches occupied in their mammalian hosts.
Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Energy Metabolism; Galactose; Gluconeogenesis; Glycolysis; Trypanosomatina
PubMed: 33775649
DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108102 -
Annual Review of Biochemistry 1964
Review
Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Research
PubMed: 14268829
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bi.33.070164.000533 -
Annual Review of Biochemistry 1946
Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 20995968
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bi.15.070146.001205 -
Annual Review of Biochemistry 1955
Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 13249356
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bi.24.070155.001231 -
The Biochemical Journal Feb 2012Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose that acts as a store of energy in times of nutritional sufficiency for utilization in times of need. Its metabolism has been... (Review)
Review
Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose that acts as a store of energy in times of nutritional sufficiency for utilization in times of need. Its metabolism has been the subject of extensive investigation and much is known about its regulation by hormones such as insulin, glucagon and adrenaline (epinephrine). There has been debate over the relative importance of allosteric compared with covalent control of the key biosynthetic enzyme, glycogen synthase, as well as the relative importance of glucose entry into cells compared with glycogen synthase regulation in determining glycogen accumulation. Significant new developments in eukaryotic glycogen metabolism over the last decade or so include: (i) three-dimensional structures of the biosynthetic enzymes glycogenin and glycogen synthase, with associated implications for mechanism and control; (ii) analyses of several genetically engineered mice with altered glycogen metabolism that shed light on the mechanism of control; (iii) greater appreciation of the spatial aspects of glycogen metabolism, including more focus on the lysosomal degradation of glycogen; and (iv) glycogen phosphorylation and advances in the study of Lafora disease, which is emerging as a glycogen storage disease.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Biology; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Concept Formation; Gluconeogenesis; Glycogen; Glycogenolysis; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mice; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
PubMed: 22248338
DOI: 10.1042/BJ20111416 -
BMC Plant Biology Feb 2023Low phosphorus (P) is one of the limiting factors in sustainable cotton production. However, little is known about the performance of contrasting low P tolerant cotton...
Low phosphorus (P) is one of the limiting factors in sustainable cotton production. However, little is known about the performance of contrasting low P tolerant cotton genotypes that might be a possible option to grow in low P condition. In the current study, we characterized the response of two cotton genotypes, Jimian169 a strong low P tolerant, and DES926 a weak low P tolerant genotypes under low and normal P conditions. The results showed that low P greatly inhibited growth, dry matter production, photosynthesis, and enzymatic activities related to antioxidant system and carbohydrate metabolism and the inhibition was more in DES926 as compared to Jimian169. In contrast, low P improved root morphology, carbohydrate accumulation, and P metabolism, especially in Jimian169, whereas the opposite responses were observed for DES926. The strong low P tolerance in Jimian169 is linked with a better root system and enhanced P and carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting that Jimian169 is a model genotype for cotton breeding. Results thus indicate that the Jimian169, compared with DES926, tolerates low P by enhancing carbohydrate metabolism and by inducing the activity of several enzymes related to P metabolism. This apparently causes rapid P turnover and enables the Jimian169 to use P more efficiently. Moreover, the transcript level of the key genes could provide useful information to study the molecular mechanism of low P tolerance in cotton.
Topics: Phosphorus; Plant Breeding; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Photosynthesis; Genotype
PubMed: 36792994
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04100-6 -
Annual Review of Biochemistry 1959
Topics: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 14402903
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bi.28.070159.001131