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Genes Sep 2022Decapitation is an essential agricultural practice and is a typical method for analyzing shoot branching. However, it is unclear exactly how decapitation controls...
Decapitation is an essential agricultural practice and is a typical method for analyzing shoot branching. However, it is unclear exactly how decapitation controls branching. In this study, the decapitation of sunflower plants led to the development of lateral buds, accompanied by a decrease in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels and an increase in cytokinin (CK) levels. Additionally, 82 members of the HabZIP family were discovered and categorized into 9 groups, using phylogenetic and conservative domain analysis. The intron/exon structure and motif compositions of HabZIP members were also investigated. Based on tissue-specific expression and expression analysis following decapitation derived from the transcriptome, several HabZIP members may be involved in controlling decapitation-induced bud outgrowth. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the dynamic variations in hormone levels, in conjunction with particular HabZIP genes, led to the development of axillary buds in sunflowers following decapitation.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Cytokinins; Decapitation; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Helianthus; Hormones; Phylogeny; Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 36292622
DOI: 10.3390/genes13101737 -
Forensic Science, Medicine, and... Mar 2016
Topics: Adult; Decapitation; Head Injuries, Penetrating; Homicide; Humans; Male; Wounds, Gunshot
PubMed: 26350117
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-015-9714-4 -
Journal of Forensic Sciences Jan 2013Complete or incomplete decapitation as a consequence of suicidal hanging is very rare, few cases having been reported in the worldwide literature. Posthanging...
Complete or incomplete decapitation as a consequence of suicidal hanging is very rare, few cases having been reported in the worldwide literature. Posthanging decapitation is typically related to a drop of several meters. Three cases of complete decapitation and one case of incomplete decapitation by suicidal hanging are reported with particular emphasis on internal findings and vital reaction patterns. Personal, circumstantial, autopsy, and toxicological data were analyzed to define basic characteristics of such extreme injuries. The crucial factor for the state of decapitation itself is the kinetic energy of the falling body, the strength of the human neck tissue, and the diameter and elasticity of the used ligature. Results of our case study suggest Simon's hemorrhage and air embolism as useful autopsy findings in posthanging beheading cases. Simon's hemorrhage was demonstrated in three cases of four. The test for air embolism was positive in all four cases.
Topics: Adult; Asphyxia; Cerebral Ventricles; Cerebral Ventriculography; Decapitation; Embolism, Air; Forensic Pathology; Heart Atria; Heart Ventricles; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Meninges; Middle Aged; Respiratory Aspiration; Spine; Suicide
PubMed: 23127190
DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12001 -
Chemosphere Aug 2017The effect of decapitation on enhancing plant growth and Cd accumulation in Celosia argentea Linn. was evaluated using a pot experiment. Decapitation significantly...
The effect of decapitation on enhancing plant growth and Cd accumulation in Celosia argentea Linn. was evaluated using a pot experiment. Decapitation significantly enhanced the growth of C. argentea. The numbers of branch and leaf in the decapitated plants (DP) were significantly higher than those in undecapitated plants (UDP, p < 0.05). Decapitation increased the biomass by 75%-105% for roots, 108%-152% for stems, and 80%-107% for leaves. Although the transpiration and photosynthesis rates were not significantly different between DP and UPD, decapitation significantly increased the total leaf area and total transpiration per plant (p < 0.05). The higher total transpiration per plant resulted in a higher leaf Cd concentration in DP. DP accumulated Cd in shoots (197, 275, and 425 μg plant) that were 2.5-2.8 times higher than UDP (78, 108, and 152 μg plant), with the soils containing 1, 5, and 10 mg kg Cd. Results suggested that decapitation is a novel and convenient method to improve the phytoextraction efficiency of C. argentea in Cd contaminated soils.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Biomass; Cadmium; Celosia; Photosynthesis; Plant Structures; Soil; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 28458213
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.095 -
PloS One 2019Little is known about the precise date of the emergence of decapitation in a ritual context and the presence of systematic postmortem modification patterns in the...
Little is known about the precise date of the emergence of decapitation in a ritual context and the presence of systematic postmortem modification patterns in the ancient Central Andes. The ceremonial complex at Pacopampa in the northern Peruvian highlands provides early osteological evidence of decapitation in six individuals dating to the latter half of the Late-Final Formative Periods (500-50 BC) and to the Early Cajamarca Period (AD 200-450). Based on osteological evidence, and when taken together with archaeological settings and settlement patterns, researchers can be certain that those whose heads were disembodied were not likely to have been involved in organized battles. In addition, the similarities in the cut-mark distribution, direction, and cross-sectional morphology of each individual's remains, as well as the characteristics of selected individuals, imply that the decapitated individuals were carefully prepared using a standardized method and that those who modified the heads may have been professional decapitators. This study offers indisputable bioarchaeological evidence of ritualistic offerings of human skulls and systematic postmortem modification patterns, which is consistent with a contemporaneous iconographic motif of decapitation and extends the chronology of this practice back to the Formative Period in the northern Peruvian highlands.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Archaeology; Decapitation; Ecosystem; Female; Fractures, Bone; Geography; Humans; Male; Mandible; Middle Aged; Peru; Postmortem Changes; Young Adult
PubMed: 30620764
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210458 -
Legal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Nov 2008The victim (59-year-old male) used a long hemp rope tied between his neck and a cherry tree while attempting to drive his car away, resulting in complete decapitation.... (Review)
Review
The victim (59-year-old male) used a long hemp rope tied between his neck and a cherry tree while attempting to drive his car away, resulting in complete decapitation. At autopsy, the decapitation wound of the head and the torso corresponded perfectly; a clear-cut severance plane was found at the bottom of the skull. In contrast to suicidal decapitation by hanging and traumatic railway injury, autopsy findings for vehicle-assisted ligature strangulation are rarely reported. A review of the literature concerning suicidal vehicle-assisted ligature strangulation suggested a striking young or adult male predominance, and the wound margins were usually clear-cut with a sharply-demarcated encircling abrasion zone. The present case presented some notable autopsy findings involving wound morphology and pathological changes in organs related to the mechanisms of injury and death. Despite complete decapitation, the face was congestive, the lungs were congested with findings of acute respiratory distress, and the brain was markedly swollen with diffuse and severe astrocyte injury, suggesting that asphyxiation was involved in the death before decapitation.
Topics: Airway Obstruction; Asphyxia; Automobiles; Cause of Death; Decapitation; Forensic Pathology; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Neck; Suicide
PubMed: 18701336
DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2008.06.002 -
Case Reports in Oncology 2023Regression of malignant melanoma (MM) is a commonly observed phenomenon, which refers to disappearance or loss of all or part of MM. It can be identified both clinically...
INTRODUCTION
Regression of malignant melanoma (MM) is a commonly observed phenomenon, which refers to disappearance or loss of all or part of MM. It can be identified both clinically and histologically, and high probability of histological regression of MM (10-58%) has been reported. However, the decapitation of skin tumor has rarely been described in the English literature, and decapitation in MM has not been reported. Here, we report the case of polypoid MM with spontaneous decapitation.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 81-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our hospital due to a polypoid nodule on her cheek. She was diagnosed with MM at stage IIC (T4bN0M0) by histological examinations. Three weeks after the biopsy, the nodule decapitated spontaneously without bleeding, and an ulcer developed on the base of the polypoid nodule. The histological examination of the additionally resected ulcerative lesion under the nodule revealed infiltration of T cells mainly composed of CD8⁺ natural killer T cells. No recurrence or metastasis has been observed for 4 years.
CONCLUSION
This is the first case report of polypoid MM with spontaneous decapitation, which may be attributed to natural killer T cells. Moreover, this case shows favorable prognosis, while it is said that the regression in thick MM does not have prognostic advantage and polypoid topography has been reported to be related to extremely poor prognosis. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the prognostic advantage of decapitation in MM and other skin tumors.
PubMed: 38089731
DOI: 10.1159/000535194 -
Forensic Science, Medicine, and... Jun 2020Complete decapitation as a result of a suicidal hanging is rarely observed in forensic practice. The authors report a case of a 38-year-old man hanging from a bridge...
Complete decapitation as a result of a suicidal hanging is rarely observed in forensic practice. The authors report a case of a 38-year-old man hanging from a bridge with a 4.2 m nylon rope. The man, weighing 70 kg, was wearing a 6.5 kg rucksack. The headless body was found lying in the river below the bridge and his head was found the next day in the river 6 m away from the bridge. Autopsy findings recorded a regular and concentric skin abrasion pattern and cervical spine transection between C2 and C3. Radiologic study depicted C2-C3 neck transection and the fracture of the left lamina and the spinous process of the axis. The force applied to the neck and the kinetic energy were calculated.
Topics: Adult; Cervical Vertebrae; Decapitation; Humans; Male; Suicide, Completed; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32166704
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-020-00226-3 -
Acta Neurochirurgica Oct 2020Chainsaw accidents are severe injuries, mostly work-related and concerning upper or lower extremities. Few suicidal chainsaw injuries are reported, all of them fatal. We...
Chainsaw accidents are severe injuries, mostly work-related and concerning upper or lower extremities. Few suicidal chainsaw injuries are reported, all of them fatal. We report the case of a 23-year-old man who attempted suicide by sub-decapitation with a chainsaw, its successful (peri-) operative management, and clinical course along with a discussion of the contemporary management and body of evidence of such lesions. Chainsaw injuries are severe traumas. Stepwise surgery with maximal functional reconstruction is safe and optimal clinical outcome can be achieved.
Topics: Cervical Vertebrae; Decapitation; Humans; Male; Neurosurgical Procedures; Spinal Cord Injuries; Suicide; Young Adult
PubMed: 32474639
DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04413-7 -
International Journal of Legal Medicine Jan 2021We report a suicide case of complete decapitation using a self-constructed guillotine. A 45-year-old man, whose body was severely burned, was found dead. The head was...
We report a suicide case of complete decapitation using a self-constructed guillotine. A 45-year-old man, whose body was severely burned, was found dead. The head was completely separated from the middle level of the neck, and a sharp blade with a steel frame was placed between the head and neck. The severance plane passed between the C4 and C5 vertebrae. Vital reactions such as hemorrhage could not be confirmed at the decapitated skin edge because the body was severely burned. Both common carotid arteries were sharply transected. Subendocardial hemorrhage was detected in the left ventricle. Only a little blood, but no soot, was detected in the respiratory tract, including the trachea and bilateral bronchi. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was noted at the edge of the cervical spinal cord. The saturation level of CO-Hb was 5.7% in the left cardiac blood, 5.9% in the right cardiac blood, and 5.8% in the peripheral blood from the femoral vein. Cervical transection was diagnosed as the cause of death. We believe that he was unintentionally burned by spread fire from an automobile after decapitation by a self-constructed guillotine.
Topics: Burns; Carboxyhemoglobin; Carotid Artery Injuries; Decapitation; Fires; Heart Ventricles; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory System; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Suicide, Completed
PubMed: 32474665
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02323-y