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Seminars in Immunology Dec 2015Dendritic cells (DCs) are uniquely potent in orchestrating T cell immune response, thus they are indispensable immune sentinels. They originate from progenitors in the... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are uniquely potent in orchestrating T cell immune response, thus they are indispensable immune sentinels. They originate from progenitors in the bone marrow through hematopoiesis, a highly regulated developmental process involving multiple cellular and molecular events. This review highlights studies of DC development-from the discovery of DCs as glass-adherent antigen presenting cells to the debate and resolution of their origin and lineage map. In particular, we summarize the roles of lineage-specific cytokines, the placement of distinct hematopoietic progenitors within the DC lineage and transcriptional programs governing DC development, which together have allowed us to diagram the current view of DC hematopoiesis. Important open questions and debates on the DC development and relevant models are also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Dendritic Cells; Hematopoiesis; Humans
PubMed: 27040276
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.012 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2019Dendritic cells are a specialized type of antigen-presenting cell that bridges both innate and adaptive immune system function. While much is understood about dendritic...
Dendritic cells are a specialized type of antigen-presenting cell that bridges both innate and adaptive immune system function. While much is understood about dendritic cells and their role in the immune system, the study of these cells is critical to gain a more complete understanding of their function. The isolation and culture of dendritic cells from mouse tissues can be challenging, due in part to the low number of cells isolated. The following protocol outlines methods to optimize the isolation and culture of large numbers of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow to facilitate a broad range of downstream experimental applications.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Differentiation; Dendritic Cells; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Mice
PubMed: 30798520
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9167-9_4 -
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology Feb 2019Dendritic cells (DC) are bone marrow derived leucocytes that are part of the mononuclear phagocytic system. These are surveillance cells found in all tissues and, as... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DC) are bone marrow derived leucocytes that are part of the mononuclear phagocytic system. These are surveillance cells found in all tissues and, as specialised antigen presenting cells, direct immune responses. Membrane molecules on the DC surface form a landscape that defines them as leucocytes and part of the mononuclear phagocytic system, interacts with their environment and directs interactions with other cells. This review describes the DC surface landscape, reflects on the different molecules confirmed to be on their surface and how they provide the basis for manipulation and translation of the potent functions of these cells into new diagnostics and immune therapies for the clinic.
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Humans; Phenotype
PubMed: 29499385
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.013 -
Immunologic Research Aug 2017Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered a very promising arm to activate the immune system in immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer. DCs are the most powerful... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered a very promising arm to activate the immune system in immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer. DCs are the most powerful antigen-presenting cells (APCs), being highly efficient at generating robust immune responses. They are also considered the center of the immune system, since they provide a crucial link between both innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, DC-based cancer immunotherapy aims to take advantage of these unique characteristics of DCs to better fight cancer. During the last decade, they have been the subject of numerous studies intending to develop immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer through vaccination. For this purpose, it is essential to gain a better insight into DC immunobiology, regulation of innate and adaptive immune systems, and tumor microenvironment, as well as applying the latest advances in science in order to boost their enormous anti-tumor immunotherapeutic potential. In this review, we will hold focus on DC immunobiology (from their origin, location, and special properties and distinct subsets to the innate and adaptive immunity), on the new concept of cancer immunoediting, and on the knowledge given by clinical trials using DC vaccines. Finally, future perspectives for this emerging field are highlighted.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Cancer Vaccines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 28660480
DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8931-1 -
Clinical Transplantation Nov 2017Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells and initial stimulators for immune response. DCs can shape their functions based on their immune states,... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells and initial stimulators for immune response. DCs can shape their functions based on their immune states, which are crucial for the balance of immunity and tolerance to preserve homeostasis. In the immune response involved in stem cell transplantation, DCs also play important roles in inducing immune tolerance and antitumor immunity. After the rapid development of stem cell transplantation technology in recent years, the risks of graft rejection, tumor recurrence, and tumorigenicity are still present after stem cell transplantation. It is important to understand the mechanisms of DC-mediated immune tolerance and stimulation during stem cell transplantation. In this review, we will summarize and analyze the regulatory mechanisms of DCs in stem cell transplantation and their application in clinical settings. It may help to promote the innovation in basic theories and therapeutic approaches of stem cell transplantation.
Topics: Animals; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 28833479
DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13090 -
BioMed Research International 2015Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant glioma and patients diagnosed with this disease had poor outcomes even treated with the combination of conventional... (Review)
Review
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant glioma and patients diagnosed with this disease had poor outcomes even treated with the combination of conventional treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation). Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most powerful antigen presenting cells and DC-based vaccination has the potential to target and eliminate GBM cells and enhance the responses of these cells to the existing therapies with minimal damage to the healthy tissues around them. It can enhance recognition of GBM cells by the patients' immune system and activate vast, potent, and long-lasting immune reactions to eliminate them. Therefore, this therapy can prolong the survival of GBM patients and has wide and bright future in the treatment of GBM. Also, the efficacy of this therapy can be strengthened in several ways at some degree: the manipulation of immune regulatory components or costimulatory molecules on DCs; the appropriate choices of antigens for loading to enhance the effectiveness of the therapy; regulation of positive regulators or negative regulators in GBM microenvironment.
Topics: Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Dendritic Cells; Glioblastoma; Humans; Immunotherapy; Mice; Models, Immunological
PubMed: 26167495
DOI: 10.1155/2015/717530 -
Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 2009Dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells endowed with the unique ability to prime T-cell responses. To present foreign antigens to na ive T cells, dendritic... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells endowed with the unique ability to prime T-cell responses. To present foreign antigens to na ive T cells, dendritic cells must migrate from inflamed or injured peripheral tissues to the closest draining lymph nodes through afferent lymphatic vessels. In addition, conventional dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes enter lymph nodes from blood crossing high endothelial venules. The selective migration of dendritic cells and their residence in non lymphoid as well as in lymphoid organs are tightly regulated events, whose molecular control is being unraveled rapidly. In this chapter, we review key aspects of what is known about dendritic cell traffic to peripheral nodes from tissues, in particular skin, and from blood. A better understanding of the regulation of dendritic cell migration for optimal priming of T-cell responses is essential for future advances in manipulating dendritic cell traffic as a means to improve immune responses in clinical settings.
Topics: Animals; Cancer Vaccines; Cell Movement; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Lymph Nodes; Lymphocyte Activation; Neoplasms; Skin; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 19031020
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-71029-5_2 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2018Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells, uniquely able to induce naïve T cell activation and effector differentiation. They are, likewise,... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells, uniquely able to induce naïve T cell activation and effector differentiation. They are, likewise, involved in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance in homeostatic conditions. Their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity points to their great plasticity and ability to modulate, according to their microenvironment, the acquired immune response and, at the same time, makes their precise classification complex and frequently subject to reviews and improvement. This review will present general aspects of the DC physiology and classification and will address their potential and actual uses in the management of human disease, more specifically cancer, as therapeutic and monitoring tools. New combination treatments with the participation of DC will be also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cancer Vaccines; Cell Differentiation; Combined Modality Therapy; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune System; Immune System Phenomena; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Phenotype; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 30719026
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03176 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2015As the most potent antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal players in regulating immune responses. DC-based technologies have generated a series of... (Review)
Review
As the most potent antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal players in regulating immune responses. DC-based technologies have generated a series of typical and promising therapeutic options, especially after the first DC-based cancer vaccine was approved by US. Food and Drug Administration (US. FDA). In this context, this paper employs patents and citation networks to conduct a fundamental analysis in order to show overall landscape of DC-based technologies. The results in this research can be used as references for decision-making in developing efficacious DC therapeutic products.
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy; Patents as Topic
PubMed: 25714961
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1008857 -
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences 2015Dendritic cells (DC) have a main function in innate immunity in that they sense infections and environmental antigens at the skin and mucosal surfaces and thereby... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Dendritic cells (DC) have a main function in innate immunity in that they sense infections and environmental antigens at the skin and mucosal surfaces and thereby critically influence decisions about immune activation or tolerance. As professional antigen-presenting cells, they are essential for induction of adaptive immune responses. Consequently, knowledge on this cell type is required to understand the immune systems of veterinary mammals, including cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, cats, and horses. Recent ontogenic studies define bona fide DC as an independent lineage of hematopoietic cells originating from a common precursor. Distinct transcription factors control the development into the two subsets of classical DC and plasmacytoid DC. These DC subsets express a distinguishable transcriptome, which differs from that of monocyte-derived DC. Using a comparative approach based on phenotype and function, this review attempts to classify DC of veterinary mammals and to describe important knowledge gaps.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; Cell Differentiation; Dendritic Cells; Immunity, Innate; Transcriptome
PubMed: 25387110
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-111009