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Immunology May 2018Dendritic cells (DC) are a class of bone-marrow-derived cells arising from lympho-myeloid haematopoiesis that form an essential interface between the innate sensing of... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DC) are a class of bone-marrow-derived cells arising from lympho-myeloid haematopoiesis that form an essential interface between the innate sensing of pathogens and the activation of adaptive immunity. This task requires a wide range of mechanisms and responses, which are divided between three major DC subsets: plasmacytoid DC (pDC), myeloid/conventional DC1 (cDC1) and myeloid/conventional DC2 (cDC2). Each DC subset develops under the control of a specific repertoire of transcription factors involving differential levels of IRF8 and IRF4 in collaboration with PU.1, ID2, E2-2, ZEB2, KLF4, IKZF1 and BATF3. DC haematopoiesis is conserved between mammalian species and is distinct from monocyte development. Although monocytes can differentiate into DC, especially during inflammation, most quiescent tissues contain significant resident populations of DC lineage cells. An extended range of surface markers facilitates the identification of specific DC subsets although it remains difficult to dissociate cDC2 from monocyte-derived DC in some settings. Recent studies based on an increasing level of resolution of phenotype and gene expression have identified pre-DC in human blood and heterogeneity among cDC2. These advances facilitate the integration of mouse and human immunology, support efforts to unravel human DC function in vivo and continue to present new translational opportunities to medicine.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cell Communication; Cell Differentiation; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunity; Immunophenotyping; Kruppel-Like Factor 4; Phenotype; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 29313948
DOI: 10.1111/imm.12888 -
Cellular & Molecular Immunology Apr 2018Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells responsible for the activation of specific T-cell responses and for the development of immune tolerance.... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells responsible for the activation of specific T-cell responses and for the development of immune tolerance. Immature DCs reside in peripheral tissues and specialize in antigen capture, whereas mature DCs reside mostly in the secondary lymphoid organs where they act as antigen-presenting cells. The correct localization of DCs is strictly regulated by a large variety of chemotactic and nonchemotactic signals that include bacterial products, DAMPs (danger-associated molecular patterns), complement proteins, lipids, and chemokines. These signals function both individually and in concert, generating a complex regulatory network. This network is regulated at multiple levels through different strategies, such as synergistic interactions, proteolytic processing, and the actions of atypical chemokine receptors. Understanding this complex scenario will help to clarify the role of DCs in different pathological conditions, such as autoimmune diseases and cancers and will uncover new molecular targets for therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Animals; Cell Movement; Chemokines; Chemotaxis; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Receptors, Chemokine; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 29563613
DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0005-3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023Dendritic cells (DCs) are acknowledged as the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), able to induce adaptive immunity and support the innate immune...
Dendritic cells (DCs) are acknowledged as the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), able to induce adaptive immunity and support the innate immune response [...].
Topics: Humans; Dendritic Cells; Adaptive Immunity; Immunity, Innate; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36835665
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044253 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2018Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells, uniquely able to induce naïve T cell activation and effector differentiation. They are, likewise,... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells, uniquely able to induce naïve T cell activation and effector differentiation. They are, likewise, involved in the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance in homeostatic conditions. Their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity points to their great plasticity and ability to modulate, according to their microenvironment, the acquired immune response and, at the same time, makes their precise classification complex and frequently subject to reviews and improvement. This review will present general aspects of the DC physiology and classification and will address their potential and actual uses in the management of human disease, more specifically cancer, as therapeutic and monitoring tools. New combination treatments with the participation of DC will be also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cancer Vaccines; Cell Differentiation; Combined Modality Therapy; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune System; Immune System Phenomena; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Phenotype; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 30719026
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03176 -
Seminars in Immunology Dec 2015Dendritic cells (DCs) are uniquely potent in orchestrating T cell immune response, thus they are indispensable immune sentinels. They originate from progenitors in the... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are uniquely potent in orchestrating T cell immune response, thus they are indispensable immune sentinels. They originate from progenitors in the bone marrow through hematopoiesis, a highly regulated developmental process involving multiple cellular and molecular events. This review highlights studies of DC development-from the discovery of DCs as glass-adherent antigen presenting cells to the debate and resolution of their origin and lineage map. In particular, we summarize the roles of lineage-specific cytokines, the placement of distinct hematopoietic progenitors within the DC lineage and transcriptional programs governing DC development, which together have allowed us to diagram the current view of DC hematopoiesis. Important open questions and debates on the DC development and relevant models are also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Dendritic Cells; Hematopoiesis; Humans
PubMed: 27040276
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2016.03.012 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2019With the advent of combined immunotherapies, personalized dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination could integrate the current standard of care for the treatment of a large... (Review)
Review
With the advent of combined immunotherapies, personalized dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination could integrate the current standard of care for the treatment of a large variety of tumors. Due to their proficiency at antigen presentation, DC are key coordinators of the innate and adaptive immune system, and have critical roles in the induction of antitumor immunity. However, despite proven immunogenicity and favorable safety profiles, DC-based immunotherapies have not succeeded at inducing significant objective clinical responses. Emerging data suggest that the combination of DC-based vaccination with other cancer therapies may fully unleash the potential of DC-based cancer vaccines and improve patient survival. In this review, we discuss the recent efforts to develop innovative personalized DC-based vaccines and their use in combined therapies, with a particular focus on ovarian cancer and the promising results of mutanome-based personalized immunotherapies.
Topics: Cancer Vaccines; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 31031762
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00766 -
Medical Microbiology and Immunology Aug 2020Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells that act to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. DCs are critical in mounting effective... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells that act to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. DCs are critical in mounting effective immune responses to tissue damage, pathogens and cancer. Immature DCs continuously sample tissues and engulf antigens via endocytic pathways such as phagocytosis or macropinocytosis, which result in DC activation. Activated DCs undergo a maturation process by downregulating endocytosis and upregulating surface proteins controlling migration to lymphoid tissues where DC-mediated antigen presentation initiates adaptive immune responses. To traffic to lymphoid tissues, DCs must adapt their motility mechanisms to migrate within a wide variety of tissue types and cross barriers to enter lymphatics. All steps of DC migration involve cell-cell or cell-substrate interactions. This review discusses DC migration mechanisms in immunity and cancer with a focus on the role of cytoskeletal processes and cell surface proteins, including integrins, lectins and tetraspanins. Understanding the adapting molecular mechanisms controlling DC migration in immunity provides the basis for therapeutic interventions to dampen immune activation in autoimmunity, or to improve anti-tumour immune responses.
Topics: Animals; Antigen Presentation; Cell Communication; Cell Movement; Chemokines; Cytoskeleton; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Neoplasms
PubMed: 32451606
DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00680-4 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2015As the most potent antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal players in regulating immune responses. DC-based technologies have generated a series of... (Review)
Review
As the most potent antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal players in regulating immune responses. DC-based technologies have generated a series of typical and promising therapeutic options, especially after the first DC-based cancer vaccine was approved by US. Food and Drug Administration (US. FDA). In this context, this paper employs patents and citation networks to conduct a fundamental analysis in order to show overall landscape of DC-based technologies. The results in this research can be used as references for decision-making in developing efficacious DC therapeutic products.
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy; Patents as Topic
PubMed: 25714961
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1008857 -
Critical Reviews in Immunology 2013Universally viewed as the sentinels and messengers of the immune system and traditionally referred to as professional antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs)... (Review)
Review
Universally viewed as the sentinels and messengers of the immune system and traditionally referred to as professional antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) play a fundamental role in antitumor immunity. DCs are uniquely equipped with the ability to acquire, process, and present to T lymphocytes tumor-derived antigens. They can drive the differentiation of naive T cells into activated tumor-specific effector lymphocytes. DCs also dictate the type and regulate the strength and duration of T-cell responses. In addition, they contribute to natural killer and natural killer T-cell antitumoral function and to B-cell-mediated immunity. Besides this cardinal role as orchestrators of innate and adaptive immune responses, many studies have provided evidence that DCs can also function as direct cytotoxic effectors against tumors. This less conventional aspect of DC function has, however, raised controversy as it relates to the origin of these cells and the induction, regulation, and mechanisms underlying their tumoricidal activity. The possible impact of the cytotoxic function of DCs on their capability to present antigens also has been the focus of intensive research. This review examines these questions and discusses the biological significance of this nontraditional property and possible strategies to exploit the killing potential of DCs in cancer immunotherapy.
Topics: Animals; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms
PubMed: 23510023
DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2013006679 -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Jul 2021
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Biomarkers; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunophenotyping
PubMed: 33651141
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03572-z