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Pharmacological Research Sep 2020Dendritic cells (DCs), as specialized antigen-presenting cells, are essential for the initiation of specific T cell responses in innate antitumor immunity and, in... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs), as specialized antigen-presenting cells, are essential for the initiation of specific T cell responses in innate antitumor immunity and, in certain cases, support humoral responses to inhibit tumor development. Mounting evidence suggests that the DC system displays a broad spectrum of dysfunctional status in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which ultimately affects antitumor immune responses. DC-based therapy can restore the function of DCs in the TME, thus showing a promising potential in tumor therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the DC deficiency caused by various factors in the TME and discuss proposed strategies to reverse DC deficiency and the applications of novel combinatorial DC-based therapy for immune normalization of the tumor.
Topics: Animals; Cancer Vaccines; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Tumor Escape; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 32504832
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104980 -
Immunotherapy 2014As with many other types of malignancies, sustainable eradication of leukemia has been a challenge. This is related to the inevitable failure of conventional... (Review)
Review
As with many other types of malignancies, sustainable eradication of leukemia has been a challenge. This is related to the inevitable failure of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy to target the relatively quiescent leukemia stem cells, which are believed to have multidrug resistance, antiapoptotic capacity and enhanced DNA repair mechanisms allowing them to evade the immune system. Considering other therapeutic options that are minimally toxic to normal cells and effectively target not only the majority and more differentiated cancer cells, but also the rare residual leukemia cells, is of paramount importance. A number of immunotherapeutic options have been proposed to counter this challenge. One of the remarkable achievements in the field of immunotherapy has been the successful use of antigen presenting cells as vehicles of tumor/pathogenic antigens to the T-cell compartments. This review will focus on advances and perspectives of this arm of immunotherapy against leukemia.
Topics: Animals; Cancer Vaccines; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy; Leukemia; Neoplastic Stem Cells; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 24815786
DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.12 -
Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio) 1997Dendritic cells are a system of bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells specialized for interaction with T lymphocytes and essential for initiating primary T cell... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells are a system of bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells specialized for interaction with T lymphocytes and essential for initiating primary T cell immune responses. Recent investigation indicates that dendritic cells are of diverse origin, with at least two types of myeloid precursors and a lymphoid precursor implicated in their generation. Mature dendritic cell subtypes, while sharing the capacity to activate T cells, show additional functional specialization. Some dendritic cells are equipped with additional mechanisms to regulate the response of the T cells they activate, while others are able to interact with B cells and modify B cell responses.
Topics: Animals; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Differentiation; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Langerhans Cells; Models, Biological; Thymus Gland
PubMed: 9402653
DOI: 10.1002/stem.150409 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... May 2013The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's approval of the first cell-based immunotherapy has rejuvenated interest in the field. Early clinical trials have established the...
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's approval of the first cell-based immunotherapy has rejuvenated interest in the field. Early clinical trials have established the ability of dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy to exploit a patient's own immune system to induce antitumor immune responses. However, suboptimal conditions for generating potent immunostimulatory DCs, in addition to the suppression mediated by the tumor microenvironment, have contributed to limited clinical success in vivo. Therefore, combining DC vaccines with new approaches that enhance immunogenicity and overcome the regulatory mechanisms underlying peripheral tolerance may be key to achieving effective, durable, antitumor immune responses that translate to better clinical outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Antigens; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cancer Vaccines; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 23651191
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12125 -
Seminars in Immunopathology Feb 2017In this review, we focus on the biologic advantages of dendritic cell-based vaccinations as a therapeutic strategy for cancer as well as preclinical and emerging... (Review)
Review
In this review, we focus on the biologic advantages of dendritic cell-based vaccinations as a therapeutic strategy for cancer as well as preclinical and emerging clinical data associated with such approaches for glioblastoma patients.
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Antigens, Neoplasm; Cancer Vaccines; Cell Movement; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dendritic Cells; Disease Models, Animal; Glioblastoma; Humans; Immunotherapy; Vaccination
PubMed: 28138787
DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0616-7 -
Viruses Nov 2012Dengue viruses and other members of the Flaviviridae family are emerging human pathogens. Dengue is transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. Following... (Review)
Review
Dengue viruses and other members of the Flaviviridae family are emerging human pathogens. Dengue is transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti female mosquitoes. Following infection through the bite, cells of the hematopoietic lineage, like dendritic cells, are the first targets of dengue virus infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen presenting cells, sensing pathogens, processing and presenting the antigens to T lymphocytes, and triggering an adaptive immune response. Infection of DCs by dengue virus may induce apoptosis, impairing their ability to present antigens to T cells, and thereby contributing to dengue pathogenesis. This review focuses on general mechanisms by which dengue virus triggers apoptosis, and possible influence of DC-apoptosis on dengue disease severity.
Topics: Apoptosis; Dendritic Cells; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans
PubMed: 23202502
DOI: 10.3390/v4112736 -
Trends in Immunology Sep 2007Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that have a pivotal role in the onset and regulation of adaptive immune responses. DCs have the ability... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that have a pivotal role in the onset and regulation of adaptive immune responses. DCs have the ability to regulate inflammation through their capacity to release cytokines and chemokines and kill pathogens, which they share with other phagocytes. Recent observations have shown that different DC subsets produce and release various pro- and anti-angiogenic mediators depending on their activation status and cytokine milieu. In particular, alternatively activated DCs exert a potent pro-angiogenic activity that is mediated by the prototypic angiogenic growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). In turn, pro- and anti-angiogenic mediators can affect the biology of DCs, modulating their differentiation and maturation. Finally, DCs can trans-differentiate into endothelial-like cells, possibly contributing to vasculogenesis in the adult. Thus, DCs might exert an important impact on the neovascularization process in different physiopathological conditions.
Topics: Animals; Cell Communication; Dendritic Cells; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Neovascularization, Pathologic
PubMed: 17692569
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2007.07.006 -
Current Opinion in Immunology Feb 2011The question as to whether the tumor grows because of or despite the host immune system is being progressively addressed with refined technology, gene targeting in mice... (Review)
Review
The question as to whether the tumor grows because of or despite the host immune system is being progressively addressed with refined technology, gene targeting in mice and human translational research. The productive interplay between major actors of the antitumor immunity is actively compromised by the tumor microenvironment subverting the links between innate and cognate immunity and/or generating devastating new players. The complexity of the host-tumor equilibrium could be dissected at the reduced level of the dialogue between professional antigen presenting cells (APC), more precisely dendritic cells, and tumor cells that may profoundly dictate the outcome of the neoplasma. This review will summarize the novel mechanisms by which tumor cells regulate DC recruitment, differentiation, activation and cross-presenting functions in tumor beds and how innate players might counterbalance these interactions. Finally, we will highlight interesting strategies that harness the DC potential to fight against cancer.
Topics: Animals; Antigen Presentation; Cross-Priming; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 20970973
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2010.09.008 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2016Dendritic cells are specialized antigen-presenting cells that initiate and orient immune responses. Numerous studies in mice and humans have shown that dendritic cells... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells are specialized antigen-presenting cells that initiate and orient immune responses. Numerous studies in mice and humans have shown that dendritic cells are heterogeneous and comprise several subsets that can be distinguished by their surface phenotype, ontogeny, and molecular signature. This review gives an overview of mouse and human dendritic cell subsets and their defining features and summarizes the current knowledge of dendritic cell subsets' functional specialization in terms of antigen presentation.
Topics: Animals; Antigen Presentation; Biomarkers; Cell Lineage; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Mice
PubMed: 27142005
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3606-9_1 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2020Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells with a key role in immune responses. They act as a link between the innate and adaptive systems and they can induce... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells with a key role in immune responses. They act as a link between the innate and adaptive systems and they can induce and maintain immunologic tolerance. DCs are subdivided into conventional and plasmacytoid DCs. These cell subsets originate from the same bone marrow precursors and their differentiation process is determined by several extrinsic and intrinsic factors, such as cytokines, transcription factors, and miRNAs. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in modulating physiological and pathological processes mediated by DCs. miRNA deregulation affects many inflammatory conditions and diseases. The aim of this review was to underline the importance of miRNAs in inflammatory processes mediated by DCs in physiological and pathological conditions and to highlight their potential application for future therapies.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Antigen-Presenting Cells; Cell Differentiation; Cytokines; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; MicroRNAs
PubMed: 32075292
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041319