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Journal of Oral Science Dec 2009Tissue engineering is the science of design and manufacture of new tissues to replace impaired or damaged ones. The key ingredients for tissue engineering are stem... (Review)
Review
Tissue engineering is the science of design and manufacture of new tissues to replace impaired or damaged ones. The key ingredients for tissue engineering are stem cells, the morphogens or growth factors that regulate their differentiation, and a scaffold of extracellular matrix that constitutes the microenvironment for their growth. Recently, there has been increasing interest in applying the concept of tissue engineering to endodontics. The aim of this study was to review the body of knowledge related to dental pulp stem cells, the most common growth factors, and the scaffolds used to control their differentiation, and a clinical technique for the management of immature non-vital teeth based on this novel concept.
Topics: Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Growth Substances; Humans; Multipotent Stem Cells; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Periodontal Ligament; Regeneration; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 20032600
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.51.495 -
Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi. the Journal of... Dec 1990The possibility of the dental lamina as a source of odontogenic cyst was investigated. The mandibular first molar tooth germs with the dental lamina and surface oral...
The possibility of the dental lamina as a source of odontogenic cyst was investigated. The mandibular first molar tooth germs with the dental lamina and surface oral epithelium were cut from 17.5-day-old C3H mouse embryos. The following 5 kinds of grafts were prepared: (I) recombinant of the dental lamina and dental papilla, (II) dental lamina, (III) dental papilla, (IV) recombinant of the oral epithelium and dental papilla and (V) oral epithelium. After the renal subcapsular transplantation to the 3-month-old syngenic male mice, each graft was harvested at timed sequences from 2 to 24 weeks and was examined histopathologically. The recombinant of the dental lamina and dental papilla (1) grew into a cyst lined by para-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The cyst enlarged gradually and might be compared to the odontogenic keratocyst of the human being. The recombinant of the oral epithelium and dental papilla (IV) and the oral epithelium (V) developed into a cyst lined by orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium which differed from the epithelium seen in Experiment (I). The dental papilla (III) grew to be a bone tissue while nothing developed from the dental lamina (II). These results suggest that the dental lamina is one of the sources of the odontogenic keratocyst and the dental papilla plays an important role in its histogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Dental Papilla; Epithelium; Female; Male; Mice; Mouth Mucosa; Odontogenic Cysts; Time Factors
PubMed: 2081936
DOI: 10.5357/koubyou.57.549 -
Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and... 2001Close regulation of odontoblast differentiation and subsequent secretory activity is critical for dentinogenesis during both embryogenesis and tissue repair. Some dental... (Review)
Review
Close regulation of odontoblast differentiation and subsequent secretory activity is critical for dentinogenesis during both embryogenesis and tissue repair. Some dental papilla cells achieve commitment and specific competence, allowing them to respond to epithelially derived inductive signals during the process of odontoblast differentiation. Temporo-spatial regulation of odontoblast differentiation is dependent on matrix-mediated interactions involving the basement membrane (BM). Experimental studies have highlighted the possible roles of growth factors in these processes. Regulation of functional activity of odontoblasts allows for both ordered secretion of the primary dentin matrix and maintenance of vitality and down-regulation of secretory activity throughout secondary dentinogenesis. After injury to the mature tooth, the fate of the odontoblast can vary according to the intensity of the injury. Milder injury can result in up-regulation of functional activity leading to focal secretion of a reactionary dentin matrix, while greater injury can lead to odontoblast cell death. Induction of differentiation of a new generation of odontoblast-like cells can then lead to reparative dentinogenesis. Many similarities exist between development and repair, including matrix-mediation of the cellular processes and the apparent involvement of growth factors as signaling molecules despite the absence of epithelium during repair. While some of the molecular mediators appear to be common to these processes, the close regulation of primary dentinogenesis may be less ordered during tertiary dentinogenic responses.
Topics: Basement Membrane; Cell Death; Cell Differentiation; Dental Papilla; Dentin, Secondary; Dentinogenesis; Down-Regulation; Extracellular Matrix; Growth Substances; Humans; Odontoblasts; Signal Transduction; Tooth Crown; Up-Regulation; Wound Healing
PubMed: 12002824
DOI: 10.1177/10454411010120050501 -
Cell and Tissue Research Nov 2010During tooth root formation, dental follicle cells (DFCs) differentiate into osteoblasts/cementoblasts when they are in contact with pre-existing dentin. Since some...
During tooth root formation, dental follicle cells (DFCs) differentiate into osteoblasts/cementoblasts when they are in contact with pre-existing dentin. Since some factors of dentin matrix were also produced by dental papilla cells (DPCs) and could induce DFCs differentiation, we hypothesized that DPCs can directly promote DFCs differentiation and that differentiation could occur in a co-culture model. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the characteristics of DFCs that are influenced by DPCs in an in vitro co-culture and in vivo heterotopic transplant model. One week into the co-culture, there were significant increases in the mRNA level of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN), and a decrease of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Additionally, the number of BMP2-, OPG-, BSP- and OCN-positive DFCs increased whereas RANKL-positive DFCs decreased. Three weeks after co-culture, DFCs produced calcified nodules, accompanied with increased sub-cellular organelles for protein synthesis and secretion. In the heterotopic transplant model, the adult male rats were used as hosts, DFCs were transplanted into the omentum. In vivo 5-week growth of DFCs in the presence of DPCs led to the formation of bone-like tissues, positive for BSP, OCN and BMP2. In contrast, DFCs alone led to fibrous-like tissues. These results indicated that in the absence of pre-existing dentin, DPCs can stimulate osteogenesis and inhibit osteoclastogenesis in DFCs and suggested a novel strategy to promote DFCs differentiation.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Cementogenesis; Coculture Techniques; Dental Cementum; Dental Papilla; Dental Sac; Gene Expression; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; Male; Omentum; Osteocalcin; Osteoprotegerin; RANK Ligand; RNA, Messenger; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 20886237
DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1046-9 -
Archives of Oral Biology Oct 2000Primary cultures of dental papilla-derived cells have a limited lifespan in vitro and can be maintained only up to passage 7-9 before showing senescence, but in vitro...
Primary cultures of dental papilla-derived cells have a limited lifespan in vitro and can be maintained only up to passage 7-9 before showing senescence, but in vitro investigations often require a large number of cells showing phenotypic characteristics of the original tissue. To overcome this shortcoming, second-passage cells established from calf molar tooth germs by enzymatic pretreatment of the dental papilla were transfected by electroporation with pSV3neo, coding for the oncogene simian virus 40 large t antigen and a neomycin-resistance gene. Under selection by G418 (neomycin), four cell clones were isolated by single cell dilution at passage 15. Integration of simian virus 40 large t antigen and expression of the gene products were determined in cell clones by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Four transfected cell lines (clones B, C, D and no. 12) were maintained in culture for over 1.5 years. For cell characterization, gene expression of procollagen alpha1 (I) and osteocalcin was evaluated by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR with cDNA obtained from the established cell lines at passage 20. Expression of collagen type I, osteocalcin and dentine phosphoprotein was evaluated immunohistochemically at passage 20 and after 1.5 years of continuous cell culture. Gene expression and the expression of mineralized tissue-specific proteins was demonstrated with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry within all four immortalized cell lines. Expression of dentine phosphoprotein was observed in three simian virus 40 large t antigen-transfected cell lines, suggesting the immortalization of odontoblast-like cells in vitro. Thus, transfection of bovine dental papilla-derived cells resulted in immortal cell lines exhibiting phenotypic characteristics of the original tissue.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antigens, Viral, Tumor; Cattle; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Viral; Cells, Cultured; Cellular Senescence; Clone Cells; Dental Papilla; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Electroporation; Gene Expression Regulation; Neomycin; Odontoblasts; Osteocalcin; Phenotype; Phosphoproteins; Plasmids; Procollagen; Simian virus 40; Transfection
PubMed: 10973559
DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9969(00)00056-x -
The Anatomical Record Mar 1990The capacity of the dental pulp to form calcified tissue was examined in papilla cells dissociated from first molar tooth germs of the neonatal mouse and isografted in...
The capacity of the dental pulp to form calcified tissue was examined in papilla cells dissociated from first molar tooth germs of the neonatal mouse and isografted in the spleen for up to 7 days. To obtain papilla cell populations without odontoblasts, pulpal mesenchyme was isolated mechanically from the enamel organ after 0.1% trypsin treatment and rolled on a membrane filter. On day 3 after transplantation, the grafted papilla cells had changed into large, spindle-shaped cells, and initial calcification with needle-like crystals began in association with the collagenous matrix surrounding those cells. On day 7 after transplantation, the spindle cells transformed into odontoblast-like cells containing well-developed secretory organelles, and irregular, but nontubular, calcified tissues were commonly observed surrounding the extracellular collagenous matrix. The calcified tissue matrix with cellular inclusions displayed a structure similar to that of osteodentin. During this period, an intense positive reaction for alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity was demonstrated along the cell membranes of the odontoblast-like cells aligned at the periphery of forming calcified tissue. Enzymatic activity could not be detected on the cells incorporated completely into osteodentin-like matrix. The present results show that the papilla cell population transplanted into the spleen formed osteodentin-like material, thus demonstrating the capacity of papilla cells to produce calcified tissue.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Membrane; Dental Papilla; Female; Histocytochemistry; Male; Mice; Spleen; Time Factors; Tooth Calcification; Tooth Germ; Transplantation, Isogeneic
PubMed: 2327600
DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092260303 -
Journal of Endodontics Nov 2018Dental pulp is a complex tissue with highly differentiated cells, which makes its reconstruction a challenging task. The apical papilla is an undifferentiated tissue...
INTRODUCTION
Dental pulp is a complex tissue with highly differentiated cells, which makes its reconstruction a challenging task. The apical papilla is an undifferentiated tissue considered as the remnant of the dental papilla that forms the dentin-pulp complex. Aiming to analyze morphologic features of the tissue formed in an in vivo pulp model, we used human apical papilla as a cell source without the use of exogenous growth factors.
METHODS
A construct was built using newborn mice molar crowns treated with TrypLE (Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK) and EDTA. The crowns were filled with PuraMatrix (Corning Inc, Corning, NY) and a pool population of human apical papilla cells. As a control, we used crowns filled only with PuraMatrix and empty crowns. The constructs were transplanted under severe combined immunodeficient mice kidney capsules. Immunohistochemistry for lamin A, dentin sialophosphoprotein, and dentin matrix protein 1 was performed.
RESULTS
Morphologic analysis of all transplanted crowns showed the formation of a loose connective tissue of variable cellularity with the presence of well-formed functional vessels. In the study group, lamin A-positive cells represented the majority of cells within the pulp chamber and a few cells in the vessel lining. We also found positivity for dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein 1, an indicator of odontoblast differentiation.
CONCLUSIONS
In our study model, human transplanted apical papilla cells mixed with the host cells and formed a vascularized viable tissue, and these cells were able to differentiate into odontoblastlike cells without the use of exogenous growth factors.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cell Differentiation; Cell Transplantation; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mice, Inbred Strains; Odontoblasts; Phosphoproteins; Regeneration; Sialoglycoproteins; Tooth Apex
PubMed: 30409448
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.08.005 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Oct 2022To evaluate efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or connective tissue graft (CTG) in papilla reconstruction (PR) with the semilunar incision (SI) technique.
PURPOSE
To evaluate efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or connective tissue graft (CTG) in papilla reconstruction (PR) with the semilunar incision (SI) technique.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The analysis consisted of 55 sites (27 CTG and 28 PRF) from 20 patients who underwent PR with either PRF or CTG placed in the maxillary anterior region with SI technique. Baseline (BL) and follow-up (T , first month, T , third month, T , sixth month) clinical data including periodontal evaluations (gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD), keratinized tissue width (KTW), gingival recession), papilla-associated recordings (alveolar crest-interdental contact point [AC-IC], alveolar crest-papilla tip [AC-PT], papilla tip-interdental contact point [PT-IC], papilla height loss [PHL], interdental tissue stroke [ITS] and papilla presence index [PPI]) and patient satisfaction were analyzed.
RESULTS
CTG provided better PR outcomes. GI, PI, and PD showed a slight increase at T and then, turned to their BL levels. The other periodontal parameters showed significant improvement after both treatment modalities. No inter-group difference was found except for KTW, which was in favor of CTG.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results, CTG is recommended over PRF in PR treatment due to its superior outcomes with less recurrence risk.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Connective tissue graft provides superior results than platelet-rich fibrin in papilla reconstruction with the semilunar incision technique.
Topics: Connective Tissue; Dental Papilla; Gingiva; Gingival Recession; Humans; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Surgical Flaps; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35731089
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12937 -
Journal of Dental Research Nov 2015Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from different dental tissues have been described to have osteogenic/odontogenic-like differentiation capacity, but little attention has...
Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from different dental tissues have been described to have osteogenic/odontogenic-like differentiation capacity, but little attention has been paid to the biochemical composition of the material that each produces. Here, we used Raman spectroscopy to analyze the mineralized materials produced in vitro by different dental cell populations, and we compared them with the biochemical composition of native dental tissues. We show that different dental stem cell populations produce materials that differ in their mineral and matrix composition and that these differ from those of native dental tissues. In vitro, BCMP (bone chip mass population), SCAP (stem cells from apical papilla), and SHED (stem cells from human-exfoliated deciduous teeth) cells produce a more highly mineralized matrix when compared with that produced by PDL (periodontal ligament), DPA (dental pulp adult), and GF (gingival fibroblast) cells. Principal component analyses of Raman spectra further demonstrated that the crystallinity and carbonate substitution environments in the material produced by each cell type varied, with DPA cells, for example, producing a more carbonate-substituted mineral and with SCAP, SHED, and GF cells creating a less crystalline material when compared with other dental stem cells and native tissues. These variations in mineral composition reveal intrinsic differences in the various cell populations, which may in turn affect their specific clinical applications.
Topics: Calcification, Physiologic; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Gingiva; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteogenesis; Periodontal Ligament; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 26253190
DOI: 10.1177/0022034515599765 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Sep 2016The purpose of this prospective clinical trial was to examine the clinical and patient outcomes following esthetic reconstruction of interdental papilla loss in anterior... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this prospective clinical trial was to examine the clinical and patient outcomes following esthetic reconstruction of interdental papilla loss in anterior teeth, using an injectable, non-animal-based, hyaluronic acid gel.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ten systemically healthy adults, with at least one anterior site with class I or II interdental papilla loss, were recruited. Following local anesthesia, ∼0.2 ml of hyaluronic acid gel was injected directly into the base of the papilla. The injection was repeated twice 21 days later. Patients were seen monthly for follow-up. Lost papilla surface area was calculated from digital clinical photographs taken at baseline and at 4 and 6 months postoperatively. Differences in lost papilla surface area between baseline and postoperative time points were statistically analyzed. Participants completed questionnaires (satisfaction surveys).
RESULTS
Seventeen sites (13 maxillary, 4 mandibular) were treated in 9 females who completed the study. The lost inderdental papilla area at baseline and at the 4- and 6-month postoperative visits was 1.2 ± 1.8 mm(2) (mean ± SD), 0.6 ± 0.9 mm(2), and 0.7 ± 0.7 mm(2), respectively. Differences between baseline and postoperative visits were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Two thirds of the patients would choose to undergo the procedure again.
CONCLUSIONS
Use of hyaluronic acid gel to treat interdental papilla loss resulted in significant improvement at 6 months. Patients expressed satisfaction with the obtained improvement and dissatisfaction with the associated procedure discomfort.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Treatment of interdental papilla loss (black triangle) by hyaluronic acid gel injection appears a promising modality to address this esthetic patient concern.
Topics: Adult; Dental Papilla; Esthetics, Dental; Female; Gels; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Injections; Middle Aged; Photography, Dental; Prospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Viscosupplements
PubMed: 26613740
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1677-z