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Journal of Dental Research Nov 1993The molecular specificity of the dental papilla of a bell-stage tooth was studied by production of dental-papilla-reactive monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). One of the Mabs,...
The molecular specificity of the dental papilla of a bell-stage tooth was studied by production of dental-papilla-reactive monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). One of the Mabs, designated 7C5, recognized an epitope present in glycosaminoglycan. Several lines of evidence suggested that the 7C5-epitope consists of chondroitin 6-sulfate. The Mab did not react with mouse dental epithelium, but reacted uniformly with mesenchymal tissue in the mandibular process and accumulated in the dental sac and in the papilla of bell-stage tooth germs. The 7C5-staining was lost from the differentiating odontoblasts, while the staining in the molar tooth papilla was accumulated in the subodontoblastic layer. In the developing mouse incisor, the 7C5-epitope was restricted to the lingual-posterior area. The 7C5-epitope was also present in pulpal tissue and predentin of different types of teeth of various mammalian species, including man, sheep, swine, and rat. Collagenase pre-treatment of tissue sections abolished the bulk of the 7C5-reactivity in peridental mesenchyme during embryonic stages while leaving the staining of the dental papilla intact. In newborn and adult teeth, collagenase also impaired the reactivity in the pulp except for the subodontoblastic layer. This suggests the existence of different subpopulations of the 7C5-epitope containing proteoglycans in dental papilla and pulp. A high-molecular-weight proteoglycan, sensitive to chondroitinase ABC but not to heparinase or heparitinase, was immunoprecipitated by 7C5 from extracts of bell-stage mouse tooth germs. We suggest that the evolutionary conservation of chondroitin 6-sulfate in the dental pulp reflects its properties as non-terminally differentiated tissue and perhaps the retention of a potential to differentiate to odontoblasts.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Cattle; Cell Membrane; Chondroitin Sulfates; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Dental Sac; Epitopes; Extracellular Matrix; Gene Expression; Humans; Hybridomas; Mesoderm; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred CBA; Odontogenesis; Periodontium; Rats; Sheep; Swine
PubMed: 7693781
DOI: 10.1177/00220345930720110201 -
Journal of Cellular Physiology Jan 2021The effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on stem cells isolated from human dental apical papilla (SCAPs) are completely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this...
The effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on stem cells isolated from human dental apical papilla (SCAPs) are completely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify RAS components expressed in SCAPs and the effects of angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang-(1-7) on cell proliferation. SCAPs were collected from third molar teeth of adolescents and maintained in cell culture. Messenger RNA expression and protein levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, and Mas, Ang II type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) receptors were detected in SCAPs. Treatment with either Ang II or Ang-(1-7) increased the proliferation of SCAPs. These effects were inhibited by PD123319, an AT2 antagonist. While Ang II augmented mTOR phosphorylation, Ang-(1-7) induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion, SCAPs produce the main RAS components and both Ang II and Ang-(1-7) treatments induced cell proliferation mediated by AT2 activation through different intracellular mechanisms.
Topics: Adolescent; Angiotensin I; Angiotensin II; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Papilla; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Male; Peptide Fragments; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Phosphorylation; Pyridines; RNA, Messenger; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Renin-Angiotensin System; Stem Cells
PubMed: 32519379
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29862 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2011In recent years, stem cell research has grown exponentially owing to the recognition that stem cell-based therapies have the potential to improve the life of patients... (Review)
Review
In recent years, stem cell research has grown exponentially owing to the recognition that stem cell-based therapies have the potential to improve the life of patients with conditions that range from Alzheimer's disease to cardiac ischemia and regenerative medicine, like bone or tooth loss. Based on their ability to rescue and/or repair injured tissue and partially restore organ function, multiple types of stem/progenitor cells have been speculated. Growing evidence demonstrates that stem cells are primarily found in niches and that certain tissues contain more stem cells than others. Among these tissues, the dental tissues are considered a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells that are suitable for tissue engineering applications. It is known that these stem cells have the potential to differentiate into several cell types, including odontoblasts, neural progenitors, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. In dentistry, stem cell biology and tissue engineering are of great interest since may provide an innovative for generation of clinical material and/or tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells were demonstrated in dental tissues, including dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental papilla, and dental follicle. These stem cells can be isolated and grown under defined tissue culture conditions, and are potential cells for use in tissue engineering, including, dental tissue, nerves and bone regeneration. More recently, another source of stem cell has been successfully generated from human somatic cells into a pluripotent stage, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), allowing creation of patient- and disease-specific stem cells. Collectively, the multipotency, high proliferation rates, and accessibility make the dental stem cell an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells for tissue regeneration. This review describes new findings in the field of dental stem cell research and on their potential use in the tissue regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Dental Sac; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Molar, Third; Periodontal Ligament; Regeneration; Tissue Engineering; Tooth Apex; Tooth Exfoliation; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 21537580
DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402011000200001 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021Dental papilla cells (DPCs), precursors of odontoblasts, are considered promising seed cells for tissue engineering. Emerging evidence suggests that melatonin promotes...
Dental papilla cells (DPCs), precursors of odontoblasts, are considered promising seed cells for tissue engineering. Emerging evidence suggests that melatonin promotes odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs and affects tooth development, although the precise mechanisms remain unknown. Retinoid acid receptor-related orphan receptor α (RORα) is a nuclear receptor for melatonin that plays a critical role in cell differentiation and embryonic development. This study aimed to explore the role of RORα in odontoblastic differentiation and determine whether melatonin exerts its pro-odontogenic effect via RORα. Herein, we observed that RORα was expressed in DPCs and was significantly increased during odontoblastic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression of RORα upregulated the expression of odontogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodules formation ( < 0.05). In contrast, odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs was suppressed by RORα knockdown. Moreover, we found that melatonin elevated the expression of odontogenic markers, which was accompanied by the upregulation of RORα ( < 0.001). Utilising small interfering RNA, we further demonstrated that RORα inhibition attenuated melatonin-induced odontogenic gene expression, ALP activity and matrix mineralisation ( < 0.01). Collectively, these results provide the first evidence that RORα can promote odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs and mediate the pro-odontogenic effect of melatonin.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Dental Papilla; Melatonin; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1; Odontoblasts; Odontogenesis; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Up-Regulation; Rats
PubMed: 33669807
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041098 -
Archives of Oral Biology Jan 2010The existence of stem/progenitor cells in dental tissue has been suggested but their characterization in the human tooth germ remains elusive. The purpose of this study...
OBJECTIVE
The existence of stem/progenitor cells in dental tissue has been suggested but their characterization in the human tooth germ remains elusive. The purpose of this study was to investigate these cells in human dental follicles and dental papillae at the crown-forming stage and compare their potential for hard tissue formation.
DESIGN
We used dental follicle cells (DFCs) and dental papilla cells (DPCs) derived from dental follicles and dental papillae at the crown-forming stage and compared their proliferative capacity, cell surface antigens and ability to form hard tissue in vitro and in vivo.
RESULTS
Both DFCs and DPCs had extensive proliferation ability, expressed similar cell surface antigens and were capable of forming hard tissue in vivo as well as in vitro. However, there were two differences between DFCs and DPCs. First, DPCs had a significantly higher calcium accumulation than that in DFCs. Second, DFCs expressed a cementoblast marker, whereas DPCs expressed an odontoblast marker.
CONCLUSIONS
We propose that dental follicles and dental papillae at the crown-forming stage contain different types of stem/progenitor cells and may have hard tissue-forming ability in a possibly origin-specific lineage direction.
Topics: Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Antigens, Surface; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cell Transplantation; Child; Dental Papilla; Dental Sac; Extracellular Matrix; Flow Cytometry; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Rats; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Stem Cells
PubMed: 19942210
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.10.011 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2019After spinal cord injury (SCI) chronic inflammation hampers regeneration. Influencing the local microenvironment after SCI may provide a strategy to modulate...
After spinal cord injury (SCI) chronic inflammation hampers regeneration. Influencing the local microenvironment after SCI may provide a strategy to modulate inflammation and the immune response. The objectives of this work were to determine whether bone or spinal cord derived ECM hydrogels can deliver human mesenchymal stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) to reduce local inflammation and provide a regenerative microenvironment. Bone hydrogels (8 and 10 mg/ml, B8 and B10) and spinal cord hydrogels (8 mg/ml, S8) supplemented with fibrin possessed a gelation rate and a storage modulus compatible with spinal cord implantation. S8 and B8 impact on the expression of anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Arg1, Nos2, Tnf) in LPS treated microglial cells were assessed using solubilised and solid hydrogel forms. S8 significantly reduced the Nos2/Arg1 ratio and solubilised B8 significantly reduced Tnf and increased Arg1 whereas solid S8 and B8 did not impact inflammation in microglial cells. SCAP incorporation within ECM hydrogels did not impact upon SCAP immunoregulatory properties, with significant downregulation of Nos2/Arg1 ratio observed for all SCAP embedded hydrogels. Tnf expression was reduced with SCAP embedded in B8, reflecting the gene expression observed with the innate hydrogel. Thus, ECM hydrogels are suitable vehicles to deliver SCAP due to their physical properties, preservation of SCAP viability and immunomodulatory capacity.
Topics: Dental Papilla; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Hydrogels; Inflammation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Microglia; Spinal Cord; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 31570730
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50367-x -
Journal of Cellular Physiology Apr 2020Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an important factor involved in the pathogenesis of organ development in the offspring. Here, we analyzed the effects of GDM on...
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an important factor involved in the pathogenesis of organ development in the offspring. Here, we analyzed the effects of GDM on odontoblastic differentiation of dental papilla cells (DPCs) and dentin formation in offspring and investigated their underlying mechanisms. A GDM rat model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and offspring were collected. The results showed that GDM significantly affected odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation in offspring tooth. GDM activated the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) signaling pathway and inhibited SMAD1/5/9 signaling to modulate the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs in offspring. Inhibition of TLR4 signaling by treated with TAK-242 significantly reverses the suppression of odonto-differentiation of DPCs in diabetic offspring. Taken together, these data indicate GDM activated the offspring DPCs TLR4/NF-ĸB signaling, which suppressed the SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation and then inhibited odontoblasts differentiation and dentin formation.
Topics: Animals; Calcification, Physiologic; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Dental Papilla; Dental Pulp; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; NF-kappa B; Odontoblasts; Phosphorylation; Pregnancy; Rats; Signal Transduction; Smad1 Protein; Sulfonamides; Toll-Like Receptor 4
PubMed: 31595494
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29240 -
Regenerative Medicine 2015Evaluation of survival, proliferation and neurodifferentiation of dental stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) in fibrin hydrogels. We hypothesized that fibrin...
AIM
Evaluation of survival, proliferation and neurodifferentiation of dental stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) in fibrin hydrogels. We hypothesized that fibrin composition will influence cell behavior.
METHODS
Modulus, pore and fiber size were measured. SCAP in vitro viability, proliferation and neural differentiation, as well as in vivo proliferation and angiogenesis were studied.
RESULTS
Hydrogel moduli were influenced by fibrin formulation but not hydrogel morphology, SCAP in vitro viability and proliferation. In total 60% of SCAP expressed PanNeurofilament in vitro without induction in Fibrinogen50-Thrombin10. SCAP proliferated when implanted in vivo and stimulated host endothelial cell infiltration.
CONCLUSION
Fibrinogen30-Thrombin10 or Thrombin50 would be more favorable to in vitro SCAP viability and in vivo proliferation, while Fibrinogen 50-Thrombin50 would be more adapted to neurodifferentiation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Dental Papilla; Elasticity; Fibrin; Fibrinogen; Humans; Hydrogels; Mice; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Phenotype; Porosity; Regenerative Medicine; Rheology; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Thrombin; Viscosity
PubMed: 25835480
DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.81 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Apr 2006We isolated dental papilla from impacted human molar and proliferated adherent fibroblastic cells after collagenase treatment of the papilla. The cells were negative for...
We isolated dental papilla from impacted human molar and proliferated adherent fibroblastic cells after collagenase treatment of the papilla. The cells were negative for hematopoietic markers but positive for CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, and CD166. When the cells were further cultured in the presence of beta-glycerophosphate, ascorbic acid, and dexamethasone for 14 days, mineralized areas together with osteogenic differentiation evidenced by high alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin contents were observed. The differentiation was confirmed at both protein and gene expression levels. The cells can also be cryopreserved and, after thawing, could show in vivo bone-forming capability. These results indicate that mesenchymal type cells localize in dental papilla and that the cells can be culture expanded/utilized for bone tissue engineering.
Topics: Calcification, Physiologic; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Child; Dental Papilla; Female; Humans; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 16516858
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.101 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research Mar 2018The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the tooth-implant papilla formation in correlation with the distance between the interproximal bone level and the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the tooth-implant papilla formation in correlation with the distance between the interproximal bone level and the prosthetic contact point.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A comprehensive search of the current literature (01/01/2000-01/01/2017) was performed to identify human trials that included 10 patients or more, with at least 12 months follow-up, in need of the replacement of one single tooth in the anterior maxillary region with an implant-supported single crown. To meet the inclusion criteria, studies had to provide both radiographic and clinical data regarding the distance between the interproximal bone level and the prosthetic contact point.
RESULTS
The search yielded 136 records. After evaluation of abstracts and full texts, 12 papers were included in the final review, even though various reference points, for the comparison between the vertical distance and the papilla height, were used. The vertical distance between the interproximal bone level and prosthetic contact point ranged between 2 and 11 mm, and the partial or complete papilla fill (Jemt's score 2-3) ranged between 56.5% and 100% of cases.
CONCLUSION
There is limited evidence that the vertical distance from the base of the interproximal contact point to the crestal bone level seems to affect the interproximal papilla height; that is, the lower is the distance the higher is the percentage of papilla fill. Complete embrasure fill between an implant restoration and the adjacent tooth seems to be correlated with the integrity of the periodontal ligament of the tooth. To reduce the risk of aesthetic failures, interproximal probing on the adjacent teeth should be encouraged before implant placement.
Topics: Alveolar Process; Crowns; Databases, Factual; Dental Abutments; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Dental Papilla; Dental Prosthesis Design; Esthetics, Dental; Gingiva; Humans; Maxilla; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Tooth
PubMed: 29498124
DOI: 10.1111/clr.13116