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IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1991
Comparative Study Review
Topics: Air Pollutants, Occupational; Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Dichlorvos; Female; Humans; Maximum Allowable Concentration; Mutagenicity Tests; Neoplasms; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Risk Factors
PubMed: 1842580
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2021Dichlorvos (,-dimethyl -(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate, DDVP) is a widely acknowledged broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide and acaracide. This pesticide has been... (Review)
Review
Dichlorvos (,-dimethyl -(2,2-dichlorovinyl)phosphate, DDVP) is a widely acknowledged broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide and acaracide. This pesticide has been used for more than four decades and is still in strong demand in many developing countries. Extensive application of DDVP in agriculture has caused severe hazardous impacts on living systems. The International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization considered DDVP among the list of 2B carcinogens, which means a certain extent of cancer risk. Hence, removing DDVP from the environment has attracted worldwide attention. Many studies have tested the removal of DDVP using different kinds of physicochemical methods including gas phase surface discharge plasma, physical adsorption, hydrodynamic cavitation, and nanoparticles. Compared to physicochemical methods, microbial degradation is regarded as an environmentally friendly approach to solve several environmental issues caused by pesticides. Till now, several DDVP-degrading microbes have been isolated and reported, including but not limited to , , , , , , , , and . Moreover, the possible degradation pathways of DDVP and the transformation of several metabolites have been fully explored. In addition, there are a few studies on DDVP-degrading enzymes and the corresponding genes in microorganisms. However, further research relevant to molecular biology and genetics are still needed to explore the bioremediation of DDVP. This review summarizes the latest development in DDVP degradation and provides reasonable and scientific advice for pesticide removal in contaminated environments.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Dichlorvos; Insecticides; Trichoderma
PubMed: 34071247
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115789 -
Analytical Biochemistry Oct 2022Chlorpyrifos oxon catalyzes the crosslinking of proteins via an isopeptide bond between lysine and glutamic acid or aspartic acid in studies with purified proteins. Our...
Chlorpyrifos oxon catalyzes the crosslinking of proteins via an isopeptide bond between lysine and glutamic acid or aspartic acid in studies with purified proteins. Our goal was to determine the crosslinking activity of the organophosphorus pesticide, dichlorvos. We developed a protocol for examining crosslinks in a complex protein mixture consisting of human SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 10 μM dichlorvos. The steps in our protocol included immunopurification of crosslinked peptides by binding to anti-isopeptide antibody 81D1C2, stringent washing of the immobilized complex, release of bound peptides from Protein G agarose with 50% acetonitrile 1% formic acid, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry on an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer, Protein Prospector searches of mass spectrometry data, and manual evaluation of candidate crosslinked dipeptides. We report a low quantity of dichlorvos-induced KD and KE crosslinked proteins in human SH-SY5Y cells exposed to dichlorvos. Cells not treated with dichlorvos had no detectable KD and KE crosslinked proteins. Proteins in the crosslink were low abundance proteins. In conclusion, we provide a protocol for testing complex protein mixtures for the presence of crosslinked proteins. Our protocol could be useful for testing the association between neurodegenerative disease and exposure to organophosphorus pesticides.
Topics: Dichlorvos; Humans; Neuroblastoma; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Organophosphorus Compounds; Peptides; Pesticides
PubMed: 35961399
DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114844 -
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... Oct 1979
Review
Topics: Air Pollutants; Animals; Carcinogens; Cholinesterases; Dichlorvos; Embryo, Mammalian; Erythrocytes; Esophageal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Pregnancy; Rats; Risk; Teratogens; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 397180
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine... May 2016Metals are ubiquitously present in the environment and pesticides are widely used throughout the world. Environmental and occupational exposure to metal along with... (Review)
Review
Metals are ubiquitously present in the environment and pesticides are widely used throughout the world. Environmental and occupational exposure to metal along with pesticide is an area of great concern to both the public and regulatory authorities. Our major concern is that combination of these toxicant present in environment may elicit toxicity either due to additive or synergistic interactions or 'joint toxic actions' among these toxicants. It poses a rising threat to human health. Water contamination particularly ground water contamination with arsenic is a serious problem in today's scenario since arsenic is associated with several kinds of health problems, such arsenic associated health anomalies are commonly called as 'Arsenism'. Uncontrolled use and spillage of pesticides into the environment has resulted in alarming situation. Moreover serious concerns are being addressed due to their persistence in the environmental matrices such as air, soil and surface water runoff resulting in continuous exposure of these harmful chemicals to human beings and animals. Bio-availability of these environmental toxicants has been enhanced much due to anthropological activities. Dreadfully very few studies are available on combined exposures to these toxicants on the animal or human system. Studies on the acute and chronic exposure to arsenic and DDVP are well reported and well defined. Arsenic is a common global ground water contaminant while dichlorvos is one of the most commonly and widely employed organophosphate based insecticide used in agriculture, horticulture etc. There is thus a real situation where a human may get exposed to these toxicants while working in a field. This review highlights the individual and combined exposure to arsenic and dichlorvos on health.
Topics: Arsenic; Biomarkers; Dichlorvos; Environmental Pollutants; Humans; Metals; Pesticides
PubMed: 27049126
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.01.012 -
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology... Dec 2007Dichlorvos has been in widespread use as an insecticide for over 40 years, during which time its carcinogenicity and genotoxicity have been evaluated extensively. In... (Review)
Review
Dichlorvos has been in widespread use as an insecticide for over 40 years, during which time its carcinogenicity and genotoxicity have been evaluated extensively. In vitro genotoxicity assays--have shown dichlorvos to be a direct acting genotoxicant at high concentrations, consistent with its known chemical reactivity. This activity is greatly reduced in the presence of S9-mix providing auxiliary metabolic activation, again consistent with its known chemistry and metabolism. Dichlorvos has been examined in a number of in vivo genotoxicity assays using a range of cell types and endpoints, and whilst there are some reports of activity, a critical evaluation has shown that there is no convincing evidence that dichlorvos has significant genotoxic activity in vivo under exposure conditions relevant to potential human exposures. In combination with the extensive carcinogenicity database for dichlorvos, the weight of evidence indicates that dichlorvos is not genotoxic under exposure conditions relevant to those that might occur in humans.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Dichlorvos; Humans; Hydrolysis; Insecticides; Molecular Structure; Mutagenicity Tests
PubMed: 17936460
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.08.011 -
The Science of the Total Environment Aug 2021Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphorus compound with insecticidal effects. Organophosphorus pesticides can easily enter humans or animals through various channels,...
Dichlorvos (DDVP) is an organophosphorus compound with insecticidal effects. Organophosphorus pesticides can easily enter humans or animals through various channels, causing cerebrum nerve cell damage. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether acute dichlorvos poisoning can cause cerebrum neurotoxic injury and change the expression of apoptosis-related genes in broilers, further clarify the neurotoxic mechanism after acute dichlorvos exposure, and provide a research basis for prevention, treatment and gene drug screening in the later stage. In this experiment, healthy yellow-feathered broilers were randomly assigned to the control group, the low-dose group (1.13 mg/kg) and the high-dose group (10.2 mg/kg) for modelling observation, and detection was conducted based on H&E (haematoxylin and eosin) staining, transmission electron microscopy analysis of tissue sections, immunofluorescence techniques and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that organophosphorus poisoning was accompanied by obvious neurological symptoms such as limb twitching and massive salivation. In addition, we observed that compared with the control group, the number of lysed nuclear neurons, deformed vascular sheaths, and glial cells and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the poisoned group of broilers increased significantly, and the increase was more obvious in the low-dose group. However, cell apoptosis and mitochondrial structure dissolution were most pronounced in the high-dose group. Moreover, the qRT-PCR results also revealed significant changes in the expression of apoptosis-related genes. The expression levels of ACC, LKB1 and GPAT increased significantly, while the expression of HMGR, PPARα, CPT1 and AMPKα1 decreased significantly. In summary, these results indicated that dichlorvos may cause the lysis of cerebrum nerve cell nuclei, completely destroy the structure of mitochondria, change the expression of related apoptotic genes, enhance cell apoptosis, and cause neurogenic damage to the cerebrum. These research results offer a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of acute organophosphate toxicosis.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cerebrum; Chickens; Dichlorvos; Humans; Insecticides
PubMed: 34088127
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147051 -
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology... Apr 2006Dichlorvos (DDVP) has been studied in 11 cancer bioassays. Only two studies, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) rat and mouse studies, show any indication of... (Review)
Review
Dichlorvos (DDVP) has been studied in 11 cancer bioassays. Only two studies, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) rat and mouse studies, show any indication of carcinogenic effects and these results, an increase in mononuclear cell leukemia in the rat and an increase in forestomach tumors in the mouse, appear to be related to the corn oil vehicle. The increase in mononuclear cell leukemia was confined to the male rat, was not dose-related, did not show an earlier onset than the controls, had no effect on survival, was within the range seen in historical controls, and was not confirmed in five other rat studies, four of which used higher doses. The increase in forestomach tumors in mice in the NTP study, in which DDVP was administered by corn oil gavage, was confined to the highest dose, occurred against a high background of hyperplasia and forestomach tumors in the control mice, and was not confirmed in 10 other studies. Sustained irritation from daily gavaging with the corn oil vehicle, in conjunction with this high background, likely explains this response in the forestomach, which does not exist in humans. These 11 rodent studies provide strong evidence that DDVP is not carcinogenic.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenicity Tests; Dichlorvos; Female; Insecticides; Male; Mice; Rats
PubMed: 16439043
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.12.004 -
Mutation Research 1988
Review
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Dichlorvos; Humans; Mutagens
PubMed: 3050505
DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(88)90108-x -
Archives of Toxicology Apr 1979The chemical structure, reactivity and metabolic fate of the insecticide dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) are discussed in relation to the possible... (Review)
Review
The chemical structure, reactivity and metabolic fate of the insecticide dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate) are discussed in relation to the possible genotoxicity of this and other methyl phosphate triesters. Recent attempts to demonstrate the methylation of DNA following exposure of bacteria and animals to dichlorvos are reviewed. On the basis of comparative data relating mutagenesis to methylation reactions, it seems entirely appropriate to conclude that the mutagenicity of dichlorvos to bacteria is due solely to methylation of the bacterial DNA under the conditions of these tests. However, the methylation of mammalian DNA could not be demonstrated under realistic exposure conditions (when the alkylating mutagen methyl methanesulphonate afforded clearly measurable methylation). The failure to detect methylation by dichlorvos in vivo is attributed to the operation of highly efficient enzyme-catalysed biotransformations which rely largely on the phosphorylating reactivity of dichlorvos. The biotransformation pathways, characterised mostly in the rat, appear to be common also to pig, mouse, hamster, and man.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cricetinae; DNA; Dealkylation; Dichlorvos; Humans; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Mice; Mutagens; Swine
PubMed: 378182
DOI: 10.1007/BF00351820