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Archives of Disease in Childhood May 2013Adolescence is a time of profound developmental change-socially, cognitively and psychologically. Although we know that many young people with a variety of long-term... (Review)
Review
Adolescence is a time of profound developmental change-socially, cognitively and psychologically. Although we know that many young people with a variety of long-term conditions negotiate adolescence with no more difficulty than other young people, those with physical disabilities can face barriers to their development in a number of areas. While many of these may not affect their physical health directly, it is important for health professionals to take a holistic view and remember that, as with other areas of child development, opportunities lost at critical periods may have later consequences. We need to anticipate potential difficulties early and discuss them with young people, parents and other professionals if we are to best improve outcomes for this group of patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Disabled Persons; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Models, Psychological
PubMed: 23482813
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2012-302839 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Apr 2009
Topics: Age Factors; Child; Developmental Disabilities; Disabled Persons; Europe; Humans
PubMed: 19395423
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b1020 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series B,... Sep 2015Studies of late-life disablement typically address the role of advancing age as a factor in developing disability, and in some cases have pointed out the importance of...
OBJECTIVES
Studies of late-life disablement typically address the role of advancing age as a factor in developing disability, and in some cases have pointed out the importance of time to death (TTD) in understanding changes in functioning. However, few studies have addressed both factors simultaneously, and none have dealt satisfactorily with the problem of missing data on TTD in panel studies.
METHODS
We fit latent-class trajectory models of disablement using data from the Health and Retirement Study. Among survivors (~20% of the sample), TTD is unknown, producing a missing-data problem. We use an auxiliary regression equation to impute TTD and employ multiple imputation techniques to obtain final parameter estimates and standard errors.
RESULTS
Our best-fitting model has 3 latent classes. In all 3 classes, the probability of having a disability increases with nearness to death; however, in only 2 of the 3 classes is age associated with disability. We find gender, race, and educational differences in class-membership probabilities.
DISCUSSION
The model reveals a complex pattern of age- and time-dependent heterogeneity in late-life disablement. The techniques developed here could be applied to other phenomena known to depend on TTD, such as cognitive change, weight loss, and health care spending.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Death; Disabled Persons; Female; Humans; Male; Time Factors; United States
PubMed: 25740918
DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbu182 -
European Journal of Public Health Feb 2019Women report more disability than men perhaps due to gender differences in the prevalence of diseases and/or in their disabling impact. We compare the contribution of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Women report more disability than men perhaps due to gender differences in the prevalence of diseases and/or in their disabling impact. We compare the contribution of chronic diseases to disability in men and women in France, using a disability survey conducted in both private households and institutions, and we also examine the effect of excluding the institutionalized population.
METHODS
Data comprised 17 549 individuals age 50+, who participated in the 2008-09 French Disability Health Survey including people living in institutions. Disability was defined by limitations in activities people usually do due to health problems (global activity limitation indicator). Additive regression models were fitted separately by gender to estimate the contribution of conditions to disability taking into account multi-morbidity.
RESULTS
Musculoskeletal diseases caused most disability for both men (10.1%, CI: 8.1-12.0) and women (16.0%, CI 13.6-18.2). The second contributor for men was heart diseases (5.7%, CI: 4.5-6.9%), and for women anxiety-depression (4.0, CI 3.1-5.0%) closely followed by heart diseases (3.8%, CI 2.9-4.7%). Women's higher contribution of musculoskeletal diseases reflected their higher prevalence and disabling impact; women's higher contribution of anxiety-depression and lower contributions of heart diseases reflected gender differences in prevalence. Excluding the institutionalized population did not change the overall conclusions.
CONCLUSIONS
The largest contributors to the higher disability of women than men are moderately disabling conditions with a high prevalence. Whereas traditional disabling conditions such as musculoskeletal diseases are more prevalent and disabling in women, fatal diseases such as cardiovascular disease are also important contributors in women and men.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chronic Disease; Disabled Persons; Female; France; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 30107556
DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky138 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Sep 2018Many clinicians, educators, and employers lack disability confidence which can affect their interactions with, and inclusion of people with disabilities. Our objective...
PURPOSE
Many clinicians, educators, and employers lack disability confidence which can affect their interactions with, and inclusion of people with disabilities. Our objective was to explore how disability confidence developed among youth who volunteered with children who have a disability.
METHODS
We conducted 30 in-depth interviews (16 without a disability, 14 with disabilities), with youth aged 15-25. We analyzed our data using an interpretive, qualitative, thematic approach.
RESULTS
We identified four main themes that led to the progression of disability confidence including: (1) "disability discomfort," referring to lacking knowledge about disability and experiencing unease around people with disabilities; (2) "reaching beyond comfort zone" where participants increased their understanding of disability and became sensitized to difference; (3) "broadened perspectives" where youth gained exposure to people with disabilities and challenged common misperceptions and stereotypes; and (4) "disability confidence" which includes having knowledge of people with disabilities, inclusive, and positive attitudes towards them.
CONCLUSIONS
Volunteering is one way that can help to develop disability confidence. Youth with and without disabilities both reported a similar process of developing disability confidence; however, there were nuances between the two groups. Implications for Rehabilitation The development of disability confidence is important for enhancing the social inclusion of people with disabilities. Volunteering with people who have a disability, or a disability different from their own, can help to develop disability confidence which involves positive attitudes, empathy, and appropriate communication skills. Clinicians, educators, and employers should consider promoting working with disabled people through such avenues as volunteering or service learning to gain disability confidence.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Developmental Disabilities; Disabled Persons; Emotional Intelligence; Empathy; Female; Humans; Male; Self Efficacy; Social Skills; Volunteers
PubMed: 28503957
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1326533 -
Disability and Rehabilitation 2008The aim of this work is to provide a general view of the conceptual elaborations on disablement in the 20th century and to discuss the role of these different... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The aim of this work is to provide a general view of the conceptual elaborations on disablement in the 20th century and to discuss the role of these different contributions in developing the current concepts of disablement.
METHOD
A review of the literature on conceptual models of disablement in the past century has been performed.
RESULTS
The 20th century has witnessed important theoretical considerations on health, diseases and their consequences. These considerations have generated various conceptual models, some of which share the same focus and point of arrival, the so-called 'Disablement Process'. Among the models that were developed, two stand out, which were drafted and disseminated under the aegis of the World Health Organization, namely the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), but these are just one part of the conceptual elaboration in the field. Further conceptualization was produced in health and social settings by specialists, self-advocacy associations and activist groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The current ICF model of the World Health Organization has been translated and recognized in 191 countries; it also incorporates the contribution of self-advocacy associations and it is now recognized by most of them. This model has enjoyed higher visibility than other conceptual models, though its level of development was not higher or more original. To our opinion the ICF is not very clear on the essential choice of the model, i.e., to see disablement as a dynamic process that happens when personal limits collide with socio-environmental needs, rather than as a personal feature. This choice is instead clearer in other models, like Nagi's 1991, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) model by Brandt and Pope, where the identification of three dimensions (the individual, the environment and the individual-environment interaction) clarifies the role played by all three dimensions within the process of disablement and introduces major hints for further considerations on how to create virtuous processes of enablement.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Poverty; Social Environment; World Health Organization
PubMed: 18821191
DOI: 10.1080/09638280701602418 -
Pediatrician 1990General psychosocial issues must be considered in facilitating the development of children with chronic illnesses and disabilities. A coping model and the developmental... (Review)
Review
General psychosocial issues must be considered in facilitating the development of children with chronic illnesses and disabilities. A coping model and the developmental stages can be used as a framework to regard the impact of disabling conditions on children and the interventions that encourage psychosocial growth. Health professionals are encouraged to recognize the key role that they can play in promoting effective coping and growth for disabled children and members of their families and to incorporate psychosocial interventions into their practice.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Disabled Persons; Family; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Models, Psychological; Psychology, Adolescent; Psychology, Child
PubMed: 2147997
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Physical Medicine and... Apr 2007Measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in people with disability can be problematic. Ambiguous or paradoxical findings can occur because of differences... (Review)
Review
Measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in people with disability can be problematic. Ambiguous or paradoxical findings can occur because of differences among people or changes within people regarding internal standards, values, or conceptualization of HRQOL. These "response shifts" can affect standard psychometric indices, such as reliability and validity. Attending to appraisal processes and response shift theory can inform development of HRQOL measures for people with disability that do not confound function and health and that consider important causal indicators such as environment. By design, most HRQOL measures equate function with health, necessarily leading to a lower measured HRQOL in people with functional impairments regardless of their level of self-perceived health. In this article, we present theoretical and conceptual distinctions building on response shift theory and other current developments in HRQOL research. We then submit a set of suggested directions for future measurement development in populations with disabilities that consider these distinctions and extend their use in future measurement developments.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Health Status; Humans; Psychometrics; Quality of Life
PubMed: 17398257
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.12.032 -
Journal of Counseling Psychology Jul 2012We conducted an exploratory content analysis of disability research in 5 major counseling psychology journals between 1990 and 2010. The goal was to review the...
We conducted an exploratory content analysis of disability research in 5 major counseling psychology journals between 1990 and 2010. The goal was to review the counseling psychology literature to better understand the prevalence of disability research, identify research methods most often conducted, and elucidate the types of concerns most studied. We searched 5 journals (Journal of Counseling & Development, Journal of Counseling Psychology, The Counseling Psychologist, Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, and Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology) using keywords derived from disability terms defined by the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA). Articles were categorized by methodology and disability category examined. We found that disability research continues to comprise an extremely small amount (from less than 1% to 2.7%) of the counseling psychology literature, with the frequency of articles plateauing in recent years. The research design of articles published has changed, with an increased number of empirical articles and a decrease in literature reviews. We conclude by calling for increased empirical investigation of disability among journals specific to counseling psychology to recognize disability as an important aspect of diversity within the field.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Counseling; Cultural Diversity; Disabled Persons; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; Psychotherapy; Research; United States
PubMed: 22642267
DOI: 10.1037/a0028743 -
The Milbank Quarterly 1991In this article, I have attempted to clarify some of the disparate estimates and ways of measuring disability that have been used in different surveys. The definitional...
In this article, I have attempted to clarify some of the disparate estimates and ways of measuring disability that have been used in different surveys. The definitional issue has implications for the size of the population that will be covered by the ADA. I have reviewed several perspectives, including that of researchers, disability advocates, and individual self-perceptions, which need to be considered in understanding the meaning of disability. Disability involves limitations in actions and activities because of mental and physical impairments. Comparison of these different perspectives reveals that the differences lie in the range of activities that are considered. At least 36 million persons, over 14 percent of the U.S. population, are limited in selected activities. Depending on what are considered to be major life activities, the population covered by the ADA could vastly exceed that figure. Little information is available about the extent to which persons with disabilities, however defined, are affected by discrimination and unequal treatment. Limited data are available from one survey conducted by the International Center for the Disabled, which indicate that as many as 66 percent of persons with activity limitations who are not working would like a job. On the other hand, many persons with activity limitations indicate that their limitations are an important cause of their unemployment. About a quarter of persons with activity limitations due to impairments have experienced discrimination in some form. The impact of the ADA will likely vary by impairment. Because the prevalence of chronic diseases is far greater than the prevalence of physical and sensory impairments, chronic diseases are more frequently the cause of disability. The risk of disability is highest for impairments with low prevalence. Because states and local areas differ in the prevalence of disability, the impact of the ADA will also be likely to vary by geographic area. For some states, the rate of work disability is more than twice the rate of other states. Yet, research indicates that much of the variation is due to socioeconomic characteristics of areas. This reflects, at the macroeconomic level, that persons with disabilities are more likely to be poor and less educated than persons without disabilities. Because of differences in understanding what disability is and insufficient knowledge about the extent of the problem of discrimination toward persons with disabilities, assessment of the potential impact of the ADA is challenging.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Concept Formation; Consumer Advocacy; Demography; Disabled Persons; Humans; Prejudice; Program Evaluation; Research; Self Concept; Terminology as Topic; United States
PubMed: 1837839
DOI: No ID Found