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Disability and Rehabilitation Mar 2019To examine the relevance of key components of Organismic Valuing Theory of Growth through Adversity in understanding posttraumatic growth amongst paratriathletes with...
PURPOSE
To examine the relevance of key components of Organismic Valuing Theory of Growth through Adversity in understanding posttraumatic growth amongst paratriathletes with acquired disability.
METHODS
Semi-structured interviews informed by organismic valuing theory of growth through adversity were conducted with 14 elite paratriathletes (eight male, six female). To increase the likelihood that participants had experienced posttraumatic growth, a short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory was completed prior to interview participation. Interview data were analyzed using directed content analysis.
RESULTS
Although the initial response to disability was largely negative, paratriathlon experiences were reported to be a mechanism through which growth was facilitated. In particular, participants suggested that social, competence, empowerment, and identity development processes were instrumental in facilitating posttraumatic growth.
CONCLUSIONS
Analysis identified themes largely consistent with the main tenets of organismic valuing theory of growth through adversity, supporting its utility in understanding response to a traumatic event and subsequent growth. These findings also suggest that para sport may be an efficacious means for promoting posttraumatic growth, especially for individuals with severe initial reactions to their disability. Lastly, findings suggest that fostering perceptions of competence, autonomy, and social connection may promote posttraumatic growth. Implications for Rehabilitation Acquiring a physical disability may have a detrimental impact on the satisfaction of an individual's fundamental psychological needs. In order to foster posttraumatic growth, the para sport environment should allow for participants to feel competent, autonomous, and to have meaningful interactions with fellow athletes and coaches. Para sport may be particularly beneficial for individuals with previous sporting backgrounds and for those with severe initial reactions to their disability.
Topics: Adult; Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Disabled Persons; Emotions; Empowerment; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Posttraumatic Growth, Psychological; Sports; Sports for Persons with Disabilities
PubMed: 29141464
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1402961 -
Mental Retardation Feb 2003In this article I propose that the experience of people categorized as having intellectual disabilities is inadequately represented by current disability theory,... (Review)
Review
In this article I propose that the experience of people categorized as having intellectual disabilities is inadequately represented by current disability theory, premised, as much of it is, on the socially constructed duality between disability and impairment. I argue that representation of intellectual disability within the wider world of disability in general will only be achieved by thinking of disability on a continuum. This should preserve individual identities while reducing categorization and the attendant essentialist versus constructionist conflict. Debate can then move to a consideration of what methodologies are appropriate to the inquiry.
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans; Individuality; Persons with Mental Disabilities; Prejudice; Sick Role; Social Perception; Stereotyping
PubMed: 12597722
DOI: 10.1352/0047-6765(2003)041<0035:TOODPW>2.0.CO;2 -
Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews Oct 2002This review examines selected conceptual models on physical disability that have been commonly employed in the study of chronic disease and aging, and suggests including... (Review)
Review
This review examines selected conceptual models on physical disability that have been commonly employed in the study of chronic disease and aging, and suggests including self-efficacy beliefs and physical symptoms into the main pathway of the disablement process. The resulting model of disability has direct implications for integrating group and individual counseling into exercise prescription.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aging; Counseling; Disabled Persons; Exercise Therapy; Exercise Tolerance; Health Promotion; Humans; Physical Fitness
PubMed: 12398113
DOI: 10.1097/00003677-200210000-00005 -
Lancet (London, England) Apr 1946
Topics: Disabled Persons; Humans
PubMed: 21025758
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(46)90463-1 -
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation... Aug 2019Approximately 1 in 4 adults in the United States have a disability that affects major life activities. This article provides a brief historical perspective of disability...
Approximately 1 in 4 adults in the United States have a disability that affects major life activities. This article provides a brief historical perspective of disability determination, and revisits the conceptual foundation for understanding the current models of disablement and their general application to the major US disability systems and nuances thereof. The expectations placed on the physician-expert examiner and why the physiatrist is ideally equipped to function in this role are discussed. The article is intended to provide a heightened awareness of the medicolegal framework, potential pitfalls, and other ramifications of such undertakings.
Topics: Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Health Personnel; Humans; Insurance, Disability; Models, Psychological; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 31227127
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2019.04.001 -
Disability and RehabilitationThe paper reviews the application of the ICIDH and the ICF in developing countries using data and information available in the United Nations Disability Statistics... (Review)
Review
The paper reviews the application of the ICIDH and the ICF in developing countries using data and information available in the United Nations Disability Statistics Database at the United Nations Statistics Division. The focus of the paper is limited to studies carried out in the 1990s and also censuses conducted in the 2000 round of censuses. There are substantial variations between studies in the questions used to identify the population with disabilities, and for most countries, these questions are not based on either the ICIDH or the ICF. Disability status is ascertained mainly through use of impairment screens that include a list of a few severe impairments. Recent studies show use of the ICIDH and also the ICF in the development of questions on disability. This may be attributed mainly to guidelines in the United Nations census recommendations regarding use of the ICIDH framework and terminology to develop the question(s) on disability. Work of the United Nations Statistics Division aimed at improving the international comparability of methods and use of international standards could increase use of the ICF in disability measurement. This includes regional training workshops and also the work of the newly created Washington City Group on Disability Measurement.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Censuses; Databases, Factual; Developing Countries; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Health Status Indicators; Humans; United Nations; World Health Organization
PubMed: 12959339
DOI: 10.1080/0963828031000137144 -
Physical Therapy May 2006Within physical therapy, the disablement model has proven useful as a language to delineate the consequences of disease and injury. This perspective provides an update... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Within physical therapy, the disablement model has proven useful as a language to delineate the consequences of disease and injury. This perspective provides an update on the changing language of disablement, reviews selected contemporary disablement models, and discusses some challenges that need to be addressed to achieve a universal disablement language that can be used to discuss physical therapy research and clinical interventions. The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework has the potential of becoming a standard for disablement language that looks beyond mortality and disease to focus on how people live with their conditions. If widely adopted, the ICF framework could provide the rehabilitation field with a common, international language with the potential to facilitate communication and scholarly discourse across disciplines and national boundaries, to stimulate interdisciplinary research, to improve clinical care, and ultimately to better inform health policy and management.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Disability Evaluation; Disabled Persons; Health Status; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Language; Leisure Activities; Models, Biological; Models, Theoretical; Physical Therapy Modalities; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Quality of Life; Research; Socialization; World Health Organization
PubMed: 16649895
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Suicide Research : Official... 2024The present study asks: Is disability associated with suicidal ideation among Indigenous adults in Canada? And if so, do cultural resources-as measured by cultural...
OBJECTIVES
The present study asks: Is disability associated with suicidal ideation among Indigenous adults in Canada? And if so, do cultural resources-as measured by cultural identity affect, cultural group belonging, cultural engagement, and cultural exploration-modify this association?
METHODS
Data were from a nationally representative sample of First Nations peoples living off-reserve, Métis, and Inuit across Canada-the 2017 Aboriginal Peoples Survey ( = 16,125). A series of weighted logistic regression models were performed.
RESULTS
Indigenous adults with disabilities were significantly more likely than those without disabilities to report suicidal ideation, even after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and physical and mental health conditions. At the same time, people with multiple disabilities were at greater risk for suicidal ideation, with the largest association among those with five or more disabilities. Furthermore, the detrimental association between disability status and suicidal ideation attenuated among those who reported cultural group belonging. In a similar vein, the buffering role of cultural group belonging was also observed in the association between the number of disabilities and suicidal ideation.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides compelling evidence that disability is a risk factor for suicidal ideation among Indigenous adults and that cultural group belonging plays a stress-buffering role in this relationship.
Topics: Humans; Suicidal Ideation; Canada; Adult; Female; Male; Disabled Persons; Risk Factors; Middle Aged; Young Adult; Indigenous Canadians; Adolescent; Indians, North American; Logistic Models
PubMed: 37052051
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2199803 -
Work (Reading, Mass.) 2012To identify employee perceptions regarding disability-related workplace issues in Institutions of Higher Education (IHE).
OBJECTIVE
To identify employee perceptions regarding disability-related workplace issues in Institutions of Higher Education (IHE).
PARTICIPANTS
Faculty and staff (N=1,144) at a large, Midwestern university.
METHODS
A voluntary on-line survey of disability-related employment issues was developed by the university's Chancellor's Committee of Persons with Disabilities. Item responses were analyzed using descriptive and Pearson chi-square statistical methods.
RESULTS
Fifteen percent of faculty and staff respondents were found to have disabilities, with 26% reporting experience of job discrimination, and 20% reporting harassment because of their disability. Results indicated significant differences on gender, employment standing (i.e., faculty or staff) and disability status (i.e., with or without a disability), in regard to perceptions of disability acceptance, campus accessibility, disability awareness, ADA policy, and knowledge of work accommodation procedures.
CONCLUSIONS
Recommendations for IHEs are provided to promote a welcoming and inclusive campus that ultimately supports work success for persons with a disability.
Topics: Administrative Personnel; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Chi-Square Distribution; Civil Rights; Computer-Assisted Instruction; Cultural Diversity; Disabled Persons; Employment; Faculty; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Interprofessional Relations; Male; Middle Aged; Midwestern United States; Prejudice; Sex Distribution; Staff Development; Surveys and Questionnaires; Universities; Workforce; Workplace
PubMed: 22523047
DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-1409 -
Physical Therapy Dec 2011The purposes of this perspective article are: (1) to explore models of disability from the perspective of the academic discipline of disability studies (DS), (2) to...
The purposes of this perspective article are: (1) to explore models of disability from the perspective of the academic discipline of disability studies (DS), (2) to consider the paradox of improving functional capacities while valuing disability as diversity, (3) to identify how physical therapy's use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) disablement model intersects with various disability models, and (4) to apply this broader understanding of disability to physical therapist practice, education, and research. The DS literature has been critical of rehabilitation professionals, particularly targeting the medical model of disability. In contrast, advocates for a social model of disability recognize disability as diversity. It is paradoxical for physical therapy to simultaneously work to ameliorate disability while celebrating it as diversity. The ICF biopsychosocial disablement model offers a mechanism to practice within this paradox and suggests that it is no longer sufficient to conceptualize disability as a purely individual matter that requires attention in isolation from the impact of the larger society.
Topics: Bioethical Issues; Cultural Diversity; Disabled Persons; Humans; Physical Therapy Specialty; Social Environment; Social Values
PubMed: 22003161
DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20100389