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British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Feb 2007
Topics: Amlodipine; Antihypertensive Agents; Dysgeusia; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 17274793
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02727.x -
Journal of Dental Research Sep 2020
Topics: Asymptomatic Infections; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Dysgeusia; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Salivary Glands
PubMed: 32531174
DOI: 10.1177/0022034520936638 -
The American Journal of Emergency... Mar 1984
Topics: Adult; Dysgeusia; Emergencies; Glossitis; Humans; Male; Taste Disorders; Trichomonas Infections
PubMed: 6517995
DOI: 10.1016/S0735-6757(84)80008-X -
CJEM Sep 2020To slow down the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is important to identify specific symptoms for effective screening. While anosmia/hyposmia and...
OBJECTIVES
To slow down the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is important to identify specific symptoms for effective screening. While anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/ageusia have been identified as highly prevalent symptoms, there are wide geographic variations, necessitating the regional evaluation of the prevalence of the symptoms.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the self-reported symptoms among adults (over 18 years old) who underwent COVID-19 tests at an ambulatory assessment centre. We identified 1,345 patients (102 positive and 1,243 negative) who visited the assessment centre between March 16 and April 15, 2020. We randomly sampled negative patients in a 1:3 ratio. The primary outcome was the prevalence of self-reported anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/ageusia. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between COVID-19 positivity and loss of smell and taste.
RESULTS
Fifty-six of 102 (50%) positive patients and 72 of 306 (23.5%) negative patients completed the survey. Anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/ageusia were more prevalent among COVID-19 positive patients (41.1% v. 4.2%, p < 0.001 for smell and 46.4% v. 5.6%, p < 0.001 for taste). Anosmia/hyposmia and dysgeusia/ageusia were independently highly associated with COVID-19 positivity (adjusted odds ratios 14.4 and 11.4 for smell and taste, respectively).
CONCLUSION
In this Canadian study, smell and taste loss may be key symptoms of COVID-19. This evidence can be helpful in the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly settings of limited testing capacity.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Canada; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Coronavirus Infections; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dysgeusia; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Olfaction Disorders; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Reference Values; Risk Assessment; Self Report; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 32507123
DOI: 10.1017/cem.2020.420 -
Annals of Internal Medicine Jan 1985
Topics: Aged; Dysgeusia; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nervous System Diseases; Nifedipine; Smell; Taste Disorders
PubMed: 3966735
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-102-1-135_2 -
Chemical Senses Jan 2024
Topics: Humans; Sweetening Agents; Taste; Glucose; Taste Perception; Dysgeusia; TRPM Cation Channels
PubMed: 38366583
DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjae006 -
JAMA Mar 2024Dry mouth, oral candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers are 3 of the most common oral conditions that may be associated with patient discomfort, decreased quality of... (Review)
Review
IMPORTANCE
Dry mouth, oral candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers are 3 of the most common oral conditions that may be associated with patient discomfort, decreased quality of life, and morbidity.
OBSERVATIONS
In a meta-analysis of 26 population-based cohort and cross-sectional studies, the global prevalence of dry mouth symptoms was 23% (95% CI, 18% to 28%), placing individuals at risk of oral candidiasis, dental caries, dysgeusia, masticatory/speech impairment, and oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dry mouth is associated with using more than 3 oral medications per day (odds ratio [OR], 2.9 [95% CI, 1.4 to 6.2]), head and neck radiation, and Sjögren disease. Symptoms may include difficulty swallowing and speaking, thirst, and halitosis. Dry mouth is associated with an 11.5% (95% CI, 3.6% to 27%) higher risk of oral candidiasis, based on a meta-analysis of 6 observational cohorts. Management of dry mouth includes mechanical salivary stimulants, oral moisturizers, and/or systemic sialagogues. Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by overgrowth of the Candida genus with C albicans, which accounts for 76.8% of infections. The prevalence of oral candidiasis is higher in patients who are immunosuppressed, for example, those with HIV (35% [95% CI, 28% to 42%]) and those with salivary gland hypofunction (OR, 3.02 [95% CI, 1.73 to 5.28]). Common risk factors associated with oral candidiasis include use of antibiotics (P = .04) and oral mucosal disorders such as lichen planus. Oral burning and dysgeusia are common symptoms of oral candidiasis. Treatment includes addressing risk factors and use of topical and/or systemic antifungal medications. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is characterized by symptomatic round or oval oral ulcers, which are covered by a gray-white fibrin layer and encircled by an erythematous ring. A meta-analysis of 10 case-controlled studies revealed an increased risk of recurrent aphthous stomatitis associated with polymorphism of IL-1β (+3954C/T) (OR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.07 to 2.17]) and IL-1β (-511C/T) (OR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.09 to 1.67]). Another meta-analysis of 9 case-control studies reported that patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis had a higher frequency of nutritional deficiencies, including vitamin B12 (OR, 3.75 [95% CI, 2.38 to 5.94]), folic acid (OR, 7.55 [95% CI, 3.91 to 14.60]), and ferritin (OR, 2.62 [95% CI, 1.69 to 4.06]). Recurrent aphthous stomatitis can be associated with systemic diseases. A meta-analysis of 21 case-control studies revealed that celiac disease is associated with a higher incidence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (25% vs 11%; OR, 3.79 [95% CI, 2.67 to 5.39]; P <.001). Topical corticosteroids are first-line agents to manage recurrent aphthous stomatitis; however, systemic medications may be necessary in more severe cases.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Dry mouth, oral candidiasis, and recurrent aphthous ulcers are common oral conditions that may be associated with patient discomfort, decreased quality of life, and morbidity. First-line treatment includes over-the-counter sialagogues for dry mouth, topical antifungals for oral candidiasis, and topical corticosteroids for aphthous ulcers. Oral conditions that do not improve with first-line treatment may require treatment with systemic medications.
Topics: Humans; Candidiasis, Oral; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Dysgeusia; Quality of Life; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Xerostomia; Glucocorticoids; Stomatognathic Diseases
PubMed: 38530258
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.0953 -
International Journal of Clinical... Dec 2021Anosmia and dysgeusia (AD) are common amongst COVID-19 patients. These symptoms are not frequently associated with rhinorrhea or nasal congestion and the underlying...
PURPOSE
Anosmia and dysgeusia (AD) are common amongst COVID-19 patients. These symptoms are not frequently associated with rhinorrhea or nasal congestion and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Previous reports suggested that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) signalling plays a role in the modulation of olfaction and ageusia. We aimed to assess the correlation between GLP-1 and COVID-19-associated AD.
METHODS
Blood samples obtained from COVID-19 patients with and without AD were tested for serum GLP-1 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A second control group comprised of COVID-19-negative volunteers.
RESULTS
Forty-nine subjects were included in the study. Nineteen were positive for COVID-19. Of the 19 patients, 10 had AD and 9 declined such complaints. Age and basic metabolic rate were similar amongst all study groups. Serum GLP-1 levels were significantly lower amongst patients with AD compared with patients without AD and COVID-19-negative individuals (1820 pg/mL vs 3536 pg/mL vs 3014 pg/mL, respectively, P < .02).
CONCLUSION
COVID-19 patients who reported AD had lower serum levels of GLP-1 compared with those lacking AD symptoms and COVID-19-negative individuals. These results suggest that GLP-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. However, further larger scale studies should corroborate our findings.
Topics: Anosmia; COVID-19; Dysgeusia; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Humans; Olfaction Disorders; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34714940
DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14996 -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Jan 2022Dysgeusia is a major side effect of anti-cancer drug treatment. Since dysgeusia significantly lowers the patient's QOL, predicting and avoiding its onset in advance is...
Dysgeusia is a major side effect of anti-cancer drug treatment. Since dysgeusia significantly lowers the patient's QOL, predicting and avoiding its onset in advance is desirable. Accordingly, aims of the present study were to use a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genes associated with the development of dysgeusia in patients taking anti-cancer drugs and to predict the development of dysgeusia using associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). GWAS was conducted on 76 patients admitted to the Department of Hematology, Tokushima University Hospital. Using Sanger sequencing for 23 separately collected validation samples, the top two SNPs associated with the development of dysgeusia were determined. GWAS identified rs73049478 and rs41396146 SNPs on the retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) gene associated with dysgeusia development due to the administration of anti-cancer drugs. Evaluation of the two SNPs using 23 validation samples indicated that the accuracy rate of rs73049478 was relatively high (87.0%). Thus, the findings of the present study suggest that the rs73049478 SNP of RARB can be used to predict the onset of dysgeusia caused by the administration of anti-cancer drugs.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Dysgeusia; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34657909
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00745 -
Gastroenterology Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Dysgeusia; Intestinal Polyps; Intestinal Polyposis; Diarrhea; Mucous Membrane
PubMed: 37127098
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.04.024