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Emotion (Washington, D.C.) Feb 2020Emotion regulation (ER) refers to attempts to influence emotions in ourselves or others. Over the past several decades, ER has become a popular topic across many... (Review)
Review
Emotion regulation (ER) refers to attempts to influence emotions in ourselves or others. Over the past several decades, ER has become a popular topic across many subdisciplines within psychology. One framework that has helped to organize work on ER is the process model of ER, which distinguishes 5 families of strategies defined by when they impact the emotion generation process. The process model embeds these ER strategies in stages in which a need for regulation is identified, a strategy is selected and implemented, and monitoring occurs to track success. Much of the research to date has focused on a strategy called cognitive reappraisal, which involves changing how one thinks about a situation to influence one's emotional response. Reappraisal is thought to be generally effective and adaptive, but there are important qualifications. In this article, we use reappraisal as an example to illustrate how we might consider 4 interrelated issues: (a) the consequences of using ER, either when instructed or spontaneous; (b) how ER success and frequency are shaped by individual and environmental determinants; (c) the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms that make ER possible; and (d) interventions that might improve how well and how often people use ER. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Behavioral Research; Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Humans
PubMed: 31961170
DOI: 10.1037/emo0000703 -
Emotion (Washington, D.C.) Feb 2020Where do individual differences in emotion regulation come from? This review examines theoretical and empirical evidence describing the role that personality traits play... (Review)
Review
Where do individual differences in emotion regulation come from? This review examines theoretical and empirical evidence describing the role that personality traits play in shaping individuals' intrapersonal and interpersonal regulation styles. We define and delineate personality traits and emotion regulation and summarize empirical relations between them. Specifically, we review research on the Big Five personality traits in relation to each stage of Gross' (2015) extended process model of emotion regulation. In doing so, we document evidence concerning the relationships between personality traits and three key stages of emotion regulation, namely, identification (i.e., choosing which emotions to regulate), selection (i.e., choosing a broad regulatory approach), and implementation (i.e., adopting specific regulatory tactics). Finally, we make recommendations for future research that we hope will guide researchers in building a systematic understanding of how personality traits shape intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Humans; Personality
PubMed: 31961180
DOI: 10.1037/emo0000644 -
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Apr 2023Decades of evidence reveal intimate links between sensation and emotion. Yet, discussion of sensory experiences as tools that promote emotion regulation is largely... (Review)
Review
Decades of evidence reveal intimate links between sensation and emotion. Yet, discussion of sensory experiences as tools that promote emotion regulation is largely absent from current theorizing on this topic. Here, we address this gap by integrating evidence from social-personality, clinical, cognitive-neuroscience, and animal research to highlight the role of sensation as a tool that can be harnessed to up- or downregulate emotion. Further, we review evidence implicating sensation as a rapid and relatively effortless emotion regulation modality and highlight future research directions. Notably, we emphasize the need to examine the duration of sensory emotion regulation effects, the moderating role of individual and cultural differences, and how sensory strategies interact with other strategies.
Topics: Animals; Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Sensation
PubMed: 36805103
DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.01.008 -
Emotion (Washington, D.C.) Feb 2020Because emotion regulation is a motivated process, one must adopt a motivational perspective to understand it. We build on the distinction between goal setting (i.e.,... (Review)
Review
Because emotion regulation is a motivated process, one must adopt a motivational perspective to understand it. We build on the distinction between goal setting (i.e., selecting end-states to achieve) and goal striving (i.e., engaging in behaviors to achieve desired end-states). First, we discuss how these concepts apply to regulation in the emotion domain. Second, we review existing research on setting emotion goals and striving for them. Third, we highlight how goal setting and goal striving can operate in tandem to shape emotion regulation. Finally, we highlight the importance of considering emotion regulation as a motivated process, and how doing so informs key topics explored in this special issue, including those pertaining to determinants (e.g., culture as setting emotion goals), consequences (e.g., monitoring emotion goal progress and mental health), and interventions (e.g., manipulating features of emotion goal setting and striving to promote adaptive emotion regulation). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Humans; Motivation
PubMed: 31961189
DOI: 10.1037/emo0000635 -
Progress in Brain Research 2019How we understand and respond to others' emotions (i.e., empathy) may be influenced by the regulatory processes that are used to shape which emotions we and others have...
How we understand and respond to others' emotions (i.e., empathy) may be influenced by the regulatory processes that are used to shape which emotions we and others have (i.e., emotion regulation). Empathy and emotion regulation are complex multidimensional constructs and the relationship between their component processes is not well characterized. To enable future work to examine their relationship more closely, this chapter presents an integrative framework of empathy and emotion regulation. We begin by delineating the component processes that underlie empathy and emotion regulation, and the neural underpinnings of these processes. We then present an integrative framework describing the processes of empathy and how these may be acted upon by distinct regulatory strategies. We conclude with a brief consideration of contextual influences on empathy and emotion regulation using a reward-based heuristic.
Topics: Behavior; Brain; Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Empathy; Humans; Reward
PubMed: 31196438
DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.024 -
Current Psychiatry Reports May 2023This manuscript aims to take stock of emotion dysregulation and personality disorder (PD) research, review key findings, and highlight future directions. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This manuscript aims to take stock of emotion dysregulation and personality disorder (PD) research, review key findings, and highlight future directions.
RECENT FINDINGS
Most emotion dysregulation research in PDs has focused on borderline personality disorder (BPD). BPD is characterized by high baseline negative emotion and the use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, but several other emotion dysregulation components may not be pervasively evident in the disorder. Trends in the BPD field that add nuance to the study of emotion dysregulation suggest that BPD may involve problems in the flexible, contextually based selection/implementation of emotion regulation strategies, as well as the development of appropriate emotion regulatory goals. Furthermore, relational stressors may elicit and maintain emotion dysregulation in BPD. Less research has examined emotion dysregulation in other PDs, but several PDs may involve deficits in emotional processes (e.g., lower behavioral inhibition and resistance of emotion-related impulses), particularly in interpersonal contexts. Emotion dysregulation is a nuanced and contextual problem which, for some PDs, may be particularly nested within interpersonal contexts. The BPD field and the increasing nuance of the study of emotion dysregulation within it points to key future research directions for the broader PD field.
Topics: Humans; Personality Disorders; Emotions; Borderline Personality Disorder; Emotional Regulation
PubMed: 37036627
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01418-8 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Oct 2017The study of emotion dynamics involves the study of the trajectories, patterns, and regularities with which emotions (or rather, the experiential, physiological, and... (Review)
Review
The study of emotion dynamics involves the study of the trajectories, patterns, and regularities with which emotions (or rather, the experiential, physiological, and behavioral elements that constitute an emotion) fluctuate across time, their underlying processes, and downstream consequences. Here, we formulate some of the basic principles underlying emotional change over time, discuss methods to study emotion dynamics, their relevance for psychological well-being, and a number of challenges and opportunities for the future.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Emotions; Humans; Time Factors
PubMed: 28950968
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.06.004 -
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Mar 2022The ability to regulate one's emotions is foundational for healthy development and functioning in a multitude of domains, whereas difficulties in emotional regulation... (Review)
Review
The ability to regulate one's emotions is foundational for healthy development and functioning in a multitude of domains, whereas difficulties in emotional regulation are recognized as a risk factor for a range of adverse outcomes in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Caregivers play a key role in cultivating the development of emotion regulation through coregulation, or the processes by which they provide external support or scaffolding as children navigate their emotional experiences. The vast majority of research to date has examined coregulation in the context of caregiver-child dyads. In this paper, we consider emotion regulation and coregulation as family-level processes that unfold within and across multiple family subsystems and explore how triadic and whole family interactions may contribute to the development of children's emotion regulation skills. Furthermore, we will examine the implications of a family-centered perspective on emotion regulation for prevention of and intervention for childhood emotional and behavioral disorders. Because emotion regulation skills undergo such dramatic maturation during children's first several years of life, much of our focus will be on coregulation within and across the family system during early childhood; however, as many prevention and intervention approaches are geared toward school-aged children and adolescents, we will also devote some attention to later developmental periods.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Caregivers; Child; Child, Preschool; Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Humans; Mental Disorders; Parent-Child Relations
PubMed: 35098427
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00378-4 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2021Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Epilepsy can alter mood and emotions. Treatments for epilepsy can also alter mood and emotions. This chapter... (Review)
Review
Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. Epilepsy can alter mood and emotions. Treatments for epilepsy can also alter mood and emotions. This chapter reviews the emotional changes that can occur before, during, and after a seizure, such as fear and anger, the interictal mood disorders associated with epilepsy, such as depression and anxiety, as well as alterations of emotional processing including comprehending and expressing emotional prosody and faces. The possible treatments of these emotional and mood disorders are also reviewed.
Topics: Anger; Emotions; Epilepsy; Fear; Humans; Mood Disorders
PubMed: 34389116
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-822290-4.00008-6 -
Cognition & Emotion Feb 2019This paper will examine the conscious aspects of emotion (i.e. emotional experience), arguably the defining features of emotion. I will argue that emotion IS emotional... (Review)
Review
This paper will examine the conscious aspects of emotion (i.e. emotional experience), arguably the defining features of emotion. I will argue that emotion IS emotional experience and, consequently, that emotion researchers rarely study emotion itself. I will suggest a research agenda for examining the conscious aspects of emotion and end with a consideration of appraisal theory and how it can be made more relevant to the study of emotion by treating appraisals as components of a pre-reflective perceptual process rather than as causal antecedents of a cognitive process that can be self-reported on.
Topics: Consciousness; Emotions; Humans
PubMed: 30152263
DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2018.1515726