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BMC Biology Sep 2011
Review
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Golgi Apparatus; Intracellular Membranes; Protein Transport; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 21961959
DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-9-63 -
The Journal of Cell Biology May 2021Cisternae of the Golgi apparatus adhere to each other to form stacks, which are aligned side by side to form the Golgi ribbon. Two proteins, GRASP65 and GRASP55,...
Cisternae of the Golgi apparatus adhere to each other to form stacks, which are aligned side by side to form the Golgi ribbon. Two proteins, GRASP65 and GRASP55, previously implicated in stacking of cisternae, are shown to be required for the formation of the Golgi ribbon.
Topics: Animals; Consensus; Cytokinesis; Golgi Apparatus; Golgi Matrix Proteins; Mammals; Membrane Proteins; Mitosis; Protein Transport
PubMed: 33848329
DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103117 -
Current Opinion in Cell Biology Feb 2011The Golgi apparatus is a universal feature of eukaryotes, carrying out the key functions of processing, sorting and trafficking of newly synthesized membrane and... (Review)
Review
The Golgi apparatus is a universal feature of eukaryotes, carrying out the key functions of processing, sorting and trafficking of newly synthesized membrane and secretory proteins. The Golgi apparatus has a clearly defined structure, comprising stacks of flattened cisternal membranes that in vertebrates are connected to form a ribbon. How this structure is maintained and how it relates to the functions of the Golgi apparatus has long been an area of interest. In this review I describe recent progress in the identification and characterization of the molecular machinery that together help generate the characteristic organization of this organelle.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Microfilament Proteins; Microtubules; Models, Biological
PubMed: 21071196
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.10.004 -
Physical Biology Sep 2019The Golgi apparatus has intrigued researchers since its discovery and despite the advances, there are still many open questions in regards to its shape and function. We...
The Golgi apparatus has intrigued researchers since its discovery and despite the advances, there are still many open questions in regards to its shape and function. We propose a mechanical model of Golgi apparatus stack and explain its most elementary geometrical properties: the equilibrium number of cisternae, the stack size, and its general equilibrium shape. Combining both analytical and numerical methods we successfully reconstruct the stack morphology within the theory of bending elasticity. We demonstrate that energy-wise the stack prefers an overall bent shape and show strong evidence that the adhesion strength determines the equilibrium number of cisternae per stack. We explore the morphological role of fenestrations and discuss their impact on the overall stack structure. We also comment on the effects of the asymmetry in the composition of membrane leaflets on the shape of the cisternae and thus offer a broad steady-state study of the stack morphology and present a method that can be used also for other membrane-bound organelles.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Elasticity; Golgi Apparatus; Models, Biological
PubMed: 31365910
DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ab3766 -
Current Opinion in Cell Biology Aug 2000Investigators are revisiting basic concepts of the structure-function relationships of the Golgi apparatus. A key issue is the properties of the transport carriers that... (Review)
Review
Investigators are revisiting basic concepts of the structure-function relationships of the Golgi apparatus. A key issue is the properties of the transport carriers that operate within the secretory pathway. Golgi morphology and dynamics differ between species but data from various model systems are pointing toward an integrated view of Golgi organization.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Golgi Apparatus
PubMed: 10873826
DOI: 10.1016/s0955-0674(00)00116-2 -
Trends in Cell Biology Jan 1998Research on the Golgi apparatus has resulted in major advances in understanding its structure and functions, but many important questions remain unanswered. The history... (Review)
Review
Research on the Golgi apparatus has resulted in major advances in understanding its structure and functions, but many important questions remain unanswered. The history of the Golgi apparatus has been marked by arguments and controversies, some of which have been resolved, whereas others are still ongoing. This article charts progress in understanding the role of the Golgi apparatus during the 100 years since it was discovered, highlighting major milestones and discoveries that have led to the concepts of the organization and functions of this organelle that we have today.
Topics: Animals; Cell Biology; Golgi Apparatus; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Italy
PubMed: 9695800
DOI: 10.1016/s0962-8924(97)01187-2 -
International Review of Cytology 1968
Review
Topics: Animals; Germ Cells; Golgi Apparatus; Lysosomes; Male; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron; Neurosecretion; Phospholipids; Pigments, Biological; Plants; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 4873473
DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60273-9 -
Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique Feb 1991The Golgi apparatus response to pathological disorders is predominantly as an intermediary component of membrane biogenesis where it is involved in processing, sorting... (Review)
Review
The Golgi apparatus response to pathological disorders is predominantly as an intermediary component of membrane biogenesis where it is involved in processing, sorting and secretion of materials via secretory granules, and in the formation of lysosomes. A common initial response of the Golgi apparatus to any stress is an alteration or cessation of secretory activity. In the transformed cell, the Golgi apparatus is altered both morphologically and biochemically, suggesting a shift from a secretory to a membrane-generating mode of functioning. However, since fewer or less well-developed Golgi apparatus are frequently found in transformed cells, analytical methods of membrane isolation developed for normal tissues may not always yield equivalent results when applied to tumors. Cell surface alterations characteristic of malignant cells may result from modifications occurring at the level of the Golgi apparatus. Some lysosomal dysfunctions may result from underglycosylation of acid hydrolases by the Golgi apparatus. The use of cell-free systems between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus or within Golgi apparatus cisterane is providing a new approach to the elucidation of the role of the Golgi apparatus in normal as well as pathological states.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cytoplasmic Granules; Golgi Apparatus; Humans; Lysosomes; Secretory Rate
PubMed: 2013821
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1060170207 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Jul 2005The plant Golgi apparatus is composed of many separate stacks of cisternae which are often associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and which in many cell types are... (Review)
Review
The plant Golgi apparatus is composed of many separate stacks of cisternae which are often associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and which in many cell types are motile. In this review, we discuss the latest data on the molecular regulation of Golgi function. The concept of the Golgi as a distinct organelle is challenged and the possibility of a continuum between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi is proposed.
Topics: COP-Coated Vesicles; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Golgi Apparatus; Intracellular Membranes; Models, Biological; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plant Proteins; Plants; Protein Transport; trans-Golgi Network
PubMed: 16038054
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2005.06.006 -
Biochemistry. Biokhimiia Sep 2014Microtubules, actin filaments, and Golgi apparatus are connected both directly and indirectly, but it is manifested differently depending on the cell organization and... (Review)
Review
Microtubules, actin filaments, and Golgi apparatus are connected both directly and indirectly, but it is manifested differently depending on the cell organization and specialization, and these connections are considered in many original studies and reviews. In this review we would like to discuss what underlies differences in the structural organization of the Golgi apparatus in animal and plant cells: specific features of the microtubule cytoskeleton organization, the use of different cytoskeleton components for Golgi apparatus movement and maintenance of its integrity, or specific features of synthetic and secretory processes. We suppose that a dispersed state of the Golgi apparatus in higher plant cells cannot be explained only by specific features of the microtubule system organization and by the absence of centrosome as an active center of their organization because the Golgi apparatus is organized similarly in the cells of other organisms that possess the centrosome and centrosomal microtubules. One of the key factors determining the Golgi apparatus state in plant cells is the functional uniformity or functional specialization of stacks. The functional specialization does not suggest the joining of the stacks to form a ribbon; therefore, the disperse state of the Golgi apparatus needs to be supported, but it also can exist "by default". We believe that the dispersed state of the Golgi apparatus in plants is supported, on one hand, by dynamic connections of the Golgi apparatus stacks with the actin filament system and, on the other hand, with the endoplasmic reticulum exit sites distributed throughout the endoplasmic reticulum.
Topics: Golgi Apparatus; Plant Cells
PubMed: 25385017
DOI: 10.1134/S0006297914090065