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Results and Problems in Cell... 2019The Golgi apparatus is a central intracellular membrane-bound organelle with key functions in trafficking, processing, and sorting of newly synthesized membrane and... (Review)
Review
The Golgi apparatus is a central intracellular membrane-bound organelle with key functions in trafficking, processing, and sorting of newly synthesized membrane and secretory proteins and lipids. To best perform these functions, Golgi membranes form a unique stacked structure. The Golgi structure is dynamic but tightly regulated; it undergoes rapid disassembly and reassembly during the cell cycle of mammalian cells and is disrupted under certain stress and pathological conditions. In the past decade, significant amount of effort has been made to reveal the molecular mechanisms that regulate the Golgi membrane architecture and function. Here we review the major discoveries in the mechanisms of Golgi structure formation, regulation, and alteration in relation to its functions in physiological and pathological conditions to further our understanding of Golgi structure and function in health and diseases.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Cycle; Disease; Golgi Apparatus; Health; Humans; Intracellular Membranes; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 31435807
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23173-6_19 -
ELife Apr 2024Mapping proteins in and associated with the Golgi apparatus reveals how this cellular compartment emerges in budding yeast and progresses over time.
Mapping proteins in and associated with the Golgi apparatus reveals how this cellular compartment emerges in budding yeast and progresses over time.
Topics: Golgi Apparatus; Saccharomycetales
PubMed: 38629949
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.97430 -
Molecular Biology of the Cell Jul 1998
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Brefeldin A; COS Cells; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Golgi Apparatus; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Intracellular Membranes; Light; Luminescent Proteins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Microscopy, Video; Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus; Video Recording; Viral Envelope Proteins
PubMed: 9658158
DOI: 10.1091/mbc.9.7.1617 -
Current Biology : CB Apr 2018Muschalik and Munro introduce golgins and their roles as vesicle tethers and scaffolds at the Golgi. (Review)
Review
Muschalik and Munro introduce golgins and their roles as vesicle tethers and scaffolds at the Golgi.
Topics: Animals; Autoantigens; Biological Evolution; Evolution, Molecular; Golgi Apparatus; Golgi Matrix Proteins; Humans; Mammals; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 29689216
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.006 -
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Oct 2011The Golgi is an essential membrane-bound organelle in the secretary pathway of eukaryotic cells. In mammalian cells, the Golgi stacks are integrated into a continuous... (Review)
Review
The Golgi is an essential membrane-bound organelle in the secretary pathway of eukaryotic cells. In mammalian cells, the Golgi stacks are integrated into a continuous perinuclear ribbon, which poses a challenge for the daughter cells to inherit this membrane organelle during cell division. To facilitate proper partitioning, the mammalian Golgi ribbon is disassembled into vesicles in early mitosis. Following segregation into the daughter cells, a functional Golgi is reformed. Here we summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control the mitotic Golgi disassembly and postmitotic reassembly cycle in mammalian cells.
Topics: Animals; Golgi Apparatus; Mammals; Membrane Fusion; Mitosis
PubMed: 21690214
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a005330 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2023Today, the future paradigm of intracellular transport could be based on four competing models, namely the vesicular model, the cisterna maturation-progression model, the...
Today, the future paradigm of intracellular transport could be based on four competing models, namely the vesicular model, the cisterna maturation-progression model, the diffusion model, and the kiss-and-run model [...].
Topics: Golgi Apparatus; Biological Transport; Diffusion; Intracellular Membranes
PubMed: 37108712
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087549 -
IUBMB Life Apr 2022Organelles can easily be disrupted by intracellular and extracellular factors. Studies on ER and mitochondria indicate that a wide range of responses are elicited upon...
Organelles can easily be disrupted by intracellular and extracellular factors. Studies on ER and mitochondria indicate that a wide range of responses are elicited upon organelle disruption. One response thought to be of particular importance is autophagy. Cells can target entire organelles into autophagosomes for removal. This wholesale nature makes autophagy a robust means for eliminating compromised organelles. Recently, it was demonstrated that the Golgi apparatus is a substrate of autophagy. On the other hand, various reports have shown that components traffic away from the Golgi for elimination in an autophagosome-independent manner when the Golgi apparatus is stressed. Future studies will reveal how these different pieces of machinery coordinate to drive Golgi degradation. Quantitative measurements will be needed to determine how much autophagy contributes to the maintenance of the Golgi apparatus.
Topics: Autophagosomes; Autophagy; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Golgi Apparatus; Quality Control
PubMed: 35274438
DOI: 10.1002/iub.2611 -
Cells Jan 2022Golgi apparatus is the central component of the mammalian secretory pathway and it regulates the biosynthesis of the plasma membrane through three distinct but... (Review)
Review
Golgi apparatus is the central component of the mammalian secretory pathway and it regulates the biosynthesis of the plasma membrane through three distinct but interacting processes: (a) processing of protein and lipid cargoes; (b) creation of a sharp transition in membrane lipid composition by non-vesicular transport of lipids; and (c) vesicular sorting of proteins and lipids at the trans-Golgi network to target them to appropriate compartments. We discuss the molecules involved in these processes and their importance in physiology and development. We also discuss how mutations in these molecules affect plasma membrane composition and signaling leading to genetic diseases and cancer.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Golgi Apparatus; Mammals; Membrane Lipids; Protein Transport; trans-Golgi Network
PubMed: 35159178
DOI: 10.3390/cells11030368 -
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Apr 2011Glycosylation is a very common modification of protein and lipid, and most glycosylation reactions occur in the Golgi. Although the transfer of initial sugar(s) to... (Review)
Review
Glycosylation is a very common modification of protein and lipid, and most glycosylation reactions occur in the Golgi. Although the transfer of initial sugar(s) to glycoproteins or glycolipids occurs in the ER or on the ER membrane, the subsequent addition of the many different sugars that make up a mature glycan is accomplished in the Golgi. Golgi membranes are studded with glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, and nucleotide sugar transporters arrayed in a generally ordered manner from the cis-Golgi to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), such that each activity is able to act on specific substrate(s) generated earlier in the pathway. The spectrum of glycosyltransferases and other activities that effect glycosylation may vary with cell type, and thus the final complement of glycans on glycoconjugates is variable. In addition, glycan synthesis is affected by Golgi pH, the integrity of Golgi peripheral membrane proteins, growth factor signaling, Golgi membrane dynamics, and cellular stress. Knowledge of Golgi glycosylation has fostered the development of assays to identify mechanisms of intracellular vesicular trafficking and facilitated glycosylation engineering of recombinant glycoproteins.
Topics: Endoplasmic Reticulum; Glycosylation; Golgi Apparatus; Lipid Metabolism; Proteins; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 21441588
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a005199 -
FEBS Letters Sep 2019Organelles have been studied traditionally as single units, but a novel concept is now emerging: each organelle has distinct functional zones that regulate specific... (Review)
Review
Organelles have been studied traditionally as single units, but a novel concept is now emerging: each organelle has distinct functional zones that regulate specific functions. The Golgi apparatus seems to have various zones, including zones for: glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins; proteoglycan, mucin and lipid glycosylation; transport of cholesterol and ceramides; protein degradation (Golgi membrane-associated degradation); and signalling for apoptosis. The capacity for these specific functions and the size of the corresponding zones appear to be tightly regulated by the Golgi stress response to accommodate cellular demands. For instance, the proteoglycan and mucin zones seem to be separately augmented during the differentiation of chondrocytes and goblet cells, respectively. The mammalian Golgi stress response consists of several response pathways. The TFE3 pathway regulates the general function of the Golgi, such as structural maintenance, N-glycosylation and vesicular transport, whereas the proteoglycan pathway increases the expression of glycosylation enzymes for proteoglycans. The CREB3 and HSP47 pathways regulate pro- and anti-apoptotic functions, respectively. These observations indicate that the Golgi is a dynamic organelle, the capacity of which is upregulated according to cellular needs.
Topics: Animals; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; Golgi Apparatus; Humans
PubMed: 31344260
DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13554