-
Biochimie Nov 2020Although the jejunum is the main intestinal compartment responsible for lipid digestion and absorption, most of the studies assessing the impact of dietary lipids on the... (Review)
Review
Although the jejunum is the main intestinal compartment responsible for lipid digestion and absorption, most of the studies assessing the impact of dietary lipids on the intestinal microbiota have been performed in the ileum, colon and faeces. This lack of interest in the jejunum is due to the much lower number of microbes present in this intestinal region and to the difficulty in accessing its lumen, which requires invasive methods. Recently, several recent publications highlighted that the whole jejunal microbiota or specific bacterial members are able to modulate lipid absorption and metabolism in enterocytes. This information reveals new strategies in the development of bacterial- and metabolite-based therapeutic interventions or nutraceutical recommendations to treat or prevent metabolic-related disorders, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases and malnutrition. This review is strictly focused on the following triad: dietary lipids, the jejunal epithelium and the jejunal microbiota. First, we will describe each member of the triad: the structure and functions of the jejunum, the composition of the jejunal microbiota, and dietary lipid handling by enterocytes and by microorganisms. Then, we will present the mechanisms leading to lipid malabsorption in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), a disease in which the jejunal microbiota is altered and which highlights the strong interactions among this triad. We will finally review the recent literature about the interactions among members of the triad, which should encourage research teams to further explore the mechanisms by which specific microbial strains or metabolites, alone or in concert, can mediate, control or modulate lipid absorption in the jejunum.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Fats; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum
PubMed: 32949677
DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.007 -
Diseases of the Esophagus : Official... 2001
Review
Topics: Esophageal Diseases; Esophagus; Humans; Jejunum; Transplantation, Autologous
PubMed: 11422299
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2001.00144.x -
ANZ Journal of Surgery Jan 2020
Topics: Hernia, Ventral; Humans; Intestinal Perforation; Jejunum; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 30690864
DOI: 10.1111/ans.15021 -
Nature Microbiology Jun 2018
Topics: Jejunum
PubMed: 29784976
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0172-0 -
Chemosphere Jan 2019Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is generally recognized as a highly poisonous environmental and industrial pollutant. Previous toxicological studies of HS are mainly focused on...
Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is generally recognized as a highly poisonous environmental and industrial pollutant. Previous toxicological studies of HS are mainly focused on the nervous and cardiovascular system. There are few reports on the HS toxicity effects on jejunum to our knowledge. Our study examined the morphological changes and antioxidant functions of broiler jejunum after the 42-day exposure to HS. Effects of HS on morphological damage and immune function in the broiler jejunum were analyzed from the perspective of CYP450s and oxidative stress via transcriptomics and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). It was found that the activities of GPx, CAT, SOD, and T-AOC and the level of GSH were observably decreased (P < 0.05), while the contents of MDA and HO were remarkably increased (P < 0.05) in the jejunums of broilers exposed to HS, which undergone a process of oxidative stress, and typical inflammatory changes and apoptosis could be observed. Transcriptional profiling results showed that 208 genes were significantly up-regulated while 295 genes were remarkably down-regulated in HS group. The expression of CYP450s, inflammation and apoptosis-related genes were also significantly increased. In conclusion, HS led to the redox homeostasis disorder through CYP450s differential expression in broiler jejunum. The jejunal inflammatory response, apoptosis along with the immune dysfunction were subsequently observed, which eventually caused jejunal morphology and functional damage. The present study further enriches and perfects the mechanism theory of HS toxicity on broilers, which may be valuable for the risk assessment of HS and human health protection.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Hydrogen Sulfide; Jejunum; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 30253253
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.002 -
Acta Paediatrica Japonica : Overseas... Feb 1996A 6 months old girl with segmental dilatation of the jejunum is described. Clinical findings were intermittent colic, severe pain and bilious vomiting, mimicking... (Review)
Review
A 6 months old girl with segmental dilatation of the jejunum is described. Clinical findings were intermittent colic, severe pain and bilious vomiting, mimicking intussusception. At laparatomy dilated jejunal segment was encountered and resection performed. Histological examination showed normal ganglion cells with normal bowel structures. Postoperative course was uneventful.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction; Jejunum
PubMed: 8992865
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1996.tb03440.x -
Hepato-gastroenterology 2004This is a report on a case of arteriovenous malformation of the jejunum, which is a relatively rare occurrence that can be detected by helical computed tomography... (Review)
Review
This is a report on a case of arteriovenous malformation of the jejunum, which is a relatively rare occurrence that can be detected by helical computed tomography (helical CT). The patient was a 63-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital because of a tarry stool. He developed hypotension as a result of losing a large amount of bright-red blood through rectal bleeding and was given fluids and blood transfusions. Subsequently, a helical CT scan was performed at 10-mm slice thickness. A small high-density area in the jejunum was identified on the arterial phase, which was scanned 30 sec after an intravenous infusion of 100 mL of iopamidol at a rate 2.5 mL/sec. An emergency operation, based on the diagnosis of bleeding from the jejunum, was performed because the patient had developed hypotension once again. A small, elevated lesion, which coincided with the high-density area detected by helical CT, was found in the jejunum. A segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis were done. The pathological diagnosis revealed an arteriovenous malformation of the jejunum. In conclusion, helical CT may be an effective noninvasive method for detecting the cause and site of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Arteriovenous Malformations; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Image Enhancement; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Middle Aged; Tomography, Spiral Computed
PubMed: 15239248
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Pediatric Surgery Jun 1974
Topics: Congenital Abnormalities; Dilatation; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Obstruction; Jejunum; Radiography, Abdominal
PubMed: 4843997
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(74)80302-7 -
International Journal of Radiation... 1975
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cobalt Radioisotopes; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Female; Gamma Rays; Jejunum; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Regeneration
PubMed: 1233367
DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(75)90008-5 -
The American Surgeon Nov 2020We present a rare case of a focal perforation of the jejunum after a high-speed motor vehicle crash. A 60-year-old restrained rear seat passenger presented with severe...
We present a rare case of a focal perforation of the jejunum after a high-speed motor vehicle crash. A 60-year-old restrained rear seat passenger presented with severe abdominal pain. She was hemodynamically stable and underwent the traditional trauma workup. CT scan of the abdomen showed large-volume free intraperitoneal air and L4/L5 compression fractures. Given the peritoneal physical exam finding and free air on CT scan she was taken emergently to the operating room. Operative exploration revealed free intraperitoneal air upon entry into the abdominal cavity as well as murky fluid throughout the mid abdomen. A focal perforation was discovered on the antimesenteric surface of a segment of jejunum. The perforation was repaired primarily in two layers and the abdomen was closed. Postoperative course was uncomplicated. Antibiotics were continued for 4 days. Focal perforation of the small bowel from high-speed blunt trauma is a rare isolated injury. Close attention to physical exam and radiologic findings allows for early diagnosis and treatment of these injuries.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Accidents, Traffic; Decompression; Female; Humans; Intestinal Perforation; Jejunum; Middle Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32683937
DOI: 10.1177/0003134820933611