-
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Evidence regarding associations of circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with chronic diseases is mixed. The objective of this study was to determine the associations...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Evidence regarding associations of circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with chronic diseases is mixed. The objective of this study was to determine the associations between total or individual SFA biomarkers and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
METHODS
Four electronic databases were searched from inception to March 2022. Three investigators independently assessed for inclusion and extracted data. Random-effects or fixed-effects models was used to estimate the pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of total or individual SFA biomarkers, including even-chain SFAs (e.g., 14:0, myristic acid; 16:0, palmitic acid; 18:0, stearic acid), odd-chain SFAs (e.g., 15:0, pentadecanoic acid; 17:0, margaric acid) and very-long-chain SFAs (VLCSFAs; e.g., 20:0, arachidic acid; 22:0, behenic acid; 24:0, lignoceric acid), with risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease [CVD; coronary heart disease (CHD) inclusive of stroke], CHD and stroke.
RESULTS
A total of 49 prospective studies reported in 45 articles were included. Higher concentration of circulating total SFAs was associated with an increasing risk of cardiometabolic diseases, the risk increased significantly by 50% for CVD (95%CI:1.31-1.71), 63% for CHD (95%CI:1.38-1.94), 38% for stroke (95%CI:1.05-1.82), respectively. Similarly, levels of even-chain SFAs were positively associated with higher risk of chronic diseases, with RRs ranging from 1.15 to 1.43. In contrast, the risk of cardiometabolic diseases was reduced with increasing odd-chain SFA levels, with RRs ranging from 0.62 to 0.91. A higher level of VLCSFAs corresponded to 19% reduction in CVD. Further dose-response analysis indicated that each 50% increment in percentage of total SFAs in circulating was associated with an 8% higher risk of T2D (RR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.02-1.14) and trends toward higher risk of CVD (RR: 1.15, 95%CI: 0.98-1.34). Inverse linear relationships were observed between 17:0 biomarker and T2D or CVD risk.
CONCLUSION
Our findings support the current recommendations of reducing intake of saturated fat as part of healthy dietary patterns. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings on these SFAs in relation to cardiometabolic outcomes and to elucidate underlying mechanisms.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022329182], identifier [CRD42022329182].
PubMed: 36046138
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.963471 -
Nature Jan 1957
Topics: Butter; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 13400103
DOI: 10.1038/179098a0 -
The Biochemical Journal Dec 1954
Topics: Fats; Fatty Acids; Food; Humans
PubMed: 13229995
DOI: 10.1042/bj0580513 -
British Poultry Science Aug 20231. The study analysed the content of fatty acids in the lipids of the yolk and yolk sac of hatching eggs obtained from geese in four reproductive flocks and three laying...
1. The study analysed the content of fatty acids in the lipids of the yolk and yolk sac of hatching eggs obtained from geese in four reproductive flocks and three laying periods at different incubation dates.2. A total of 1080 hatching eggs were used in the study (90 eggs from each age group in three laying periods). The geese were kept on one farm under the same conditions.3. On days 0, 16, 22, and 28 of incubation, the yolk/yolk sac was sampled. Saturated and unsaturated (mono- and poly-) fatty acids were determined, including myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, behenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid. The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids was calculated.4. Embryo fatty acid utilisation in eggs from different age groups of geese was similar. The fatty acid profile depended mostly on the laying period. The different proportions of fatty acids in the yolk during incubation indicated changes in the activity of various enzymatic processes in the membrane of the yolk sac of embryos from the beginning and at the end of the laying period.5. When analysing the interactions between the age of the parent flock and the laying period, the most significant effect on the fatty acid composition was found in fresh eggs. On d 16 of lay the myristic, stearic, linoleic, and behenic acids and PUFA; on d 22 of lay linolenic acid, and on day 28th palmitoleic and margaric acids were involved in this interaction.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Geese; Yolk Sac; Egg Yolk; Ovum; Fatty Acids; Eggs
PubMed: 36946203
DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2193287 -
Nature Communications Jun 2020PIEZO2 is the essential transduction channel for touch discrimination, vibration, and proprioception. Mice and humans lacking Piezo2 experience severe mechanosensory and...
PIEZO2 is the essential transduction channel for touch discrimination, vibration, and proprioception. Mice and humans lacking Piezo2 experience severe mechanosensory and proprioceptive deficits and fail to develop tactile allodynia. Bradykinin, a proalgesic agent released during inflammation, potentiates PIEZO2 activity. Molecules that decrease PIEZO2 function could reduce heightened touch responses during inflammation. Here, we find that the dietary fatty acid margaric acid (MA) decreases PIEZO2 function in a dose-dependent manner. Chimera analyses demonstrate that the PIEZO2 beam is a key region tuning MA-mediated channel inhibition. MA reduces neuronal action potential firing elicited by mechanical stimuli in mice and rat neurons and counteracts PIEZO2 sensitization by bradykinin. Finally, we demonstrate that this saturated fatty acid decreases PIEZO2 currents in touch neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Our findings report on a natural product that inhibits PIEZO2 function and counteracts neuronal mechanical sensitization and reveal a key region for channel inhibition.
Topics: Action Potentials; Algorithms; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Fatty Acids; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Ion Channels; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neurons; Proprioception; Rats; Touch
PubMed: 32561714
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16816-2 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2018Dietary tallow was thermally oxidized at 180°C in an open fryer. The oxidized tallow (OT) and unoxidized tallow were characterized for oxidation parameters and fatty...
Dietary tallow was thermally oxidized at 180°C in an open fryer. The oxidized tallow (OT) and unoxidized tallow were characterized for oxidation parameters and fatty acid composition using GC-MS. Tallow samples were fed to rabbits along with 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg/day of ellagic acid (EA) for three weeks. Results revealed that the peroxide value (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) significantly increased, while radical scavenging activity (RSA) of the tallow decreased significantly with oxidation. GC-MS analysis showed eight fatty acids in the tallow samples, where palmitic acid (48.5-49.7 g/100 g), linoleic acid (18.7-23.7 g/100 g), stearic acid (13.5-15.6 g/100 g), and margaric acid (6.32-6.42 g/100 g) were the major fatty acids. Animal studies showed that oxidized tallow (OT) alone or in combination with EA significantly altered the body weight of the rabbits. Serum biochemical parameters and renal function tests were affected by OT and ameliorated by EA. The toxic effects of OT on haematological indices were minimized by EA. The supplementation of OT alone had significant effects on the liver structure and functions. The coadministration of EA reduced the toxic properties of OT on the liver, by increasing the antioxidant (GSH) system. The rabbit heart was also affected by the OT, which was ameliorated by EA supplementation. These results suggested that the supplementation of EA was beneficial against the OT-induced oxidative stress and may be considered for foods containing oxidized lipids.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Body Weight; Cattle; Diet; Ellagic Acid; Fats; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Rabbits; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
PubMed: 30581536
DOI: 10.1155/2018/7408370 -
The Biochemical Journal Jan 1957
Topics: Fatty Acids; Food
PubMed: 13403863
DOI: 10.1042/bj0650018 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jul 2017Plants of the genus Hymenaea (Fabaceae) are used in South American and Asian traditional medicines to treat a multitude of disorders, like cough, diarrhea, dysentery,... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Plants of the genus Hymenaea (Fabaceae) are used in South American and Asian traditional medicines to treat a multitude of disorders, like cough, diarrhea, dysentery, intestinal colic, pulmonary weakness, asthma, anemia, sore throat, and for the treatment of kidney problems, viral related disorders, chronic cystitis, bronchitis, and bladder infections. Some Hymenaea species are also used as vermifuge, and for the treatment of arthritis, and inflammation conditions. This review deals with updated information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of ethnomedicinally important Hymenaea species in order to provide an input for the future research prospects.
METHODS
Literature available in various recognized databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, SciFinder, Scopus, Springer, Wiley, ACS, Scielo and Web of Science, as well as from theses, dissertations, books, reports, and other relevant websites (www.theplantlist.org), are surveyed, analysed, and included in this review. Herein, the literature related to chemical constituents and pharmacological activities were searched in November 2016.
RESULTS
The literature provided information on ethnopharmacological uses of the South American and African species of the genus Hymenaea (e.g., H. courbaril, H. stigonocarpa, H. onblogifolia, H. martiana, H. parvifolia (South America) and H. verrucosa (African species)) for the treatment of multi-factorial diseases. From these plant species, more than 130 compounds, including fatty acids, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids, phthalides, phenolic acids, procyanidins and coumarins were identified. Experimental evidences confirmed that the Hymenaea spp. could be used in treating inflammatory disorders, asthma, diarrhea, and some microbial infections. However, reports on the toxicity of Hymenaea species remain scarce.
CONCLUSION
Plants of this genus have offered bioactive samples, both from crude extracts and pure compounds, thus substantiating their effectiveness in traditional medicine. However, intensive investigations of all the species of Hymenaea spp. relating to phytochemical and pharmacological properties, especially their mechanism of action, safety and efficacy could be the future introspection.
Topics: Animals; Ethnopharmacology; Humans; Hymenaea; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 28536059
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.024 -
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Jan 2018The comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition of Cassia tora (leaves and stem) was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty-seven fatty...
The comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition of Cassia tora (leaves and stem) was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twenty-seven fatty acids were identified in C. tora (leaves and stem) which was collected from three different geographical areas of India: Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), Nainital (Uttarakhand), and Bhavnagar (Gujarat), coded as CT-1, CT-2, and CT-3, respectively. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids found were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, margaric acid, melissic acid, and behenic acid. The highest amounts of saturated fatty acids were found in leaves of C. tora collected from Bhavnagar (Gujarat) (60.7% ± 0.5%). Thus, the study reveals that C. tora has a major amount of nutritionally important fatty acids, along with significant antimicrobial potential. Fatty acids play a significant role in the development of fat products with enhanced nutritional value and clinical application. Remarkable differences were found in the present study between fatty acid profiles of C. tora collected from different locations in India. To the best of our knowledge there is no previously reported comparative study of the fatty acids of C. tora.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cassia; Fatty Acids; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Geography; Humans; India; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems
PubMed: 29389545
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.12.010 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Jan 2020The present study evaluated the effects of dietary -carbamylglutamate (NCG) on carcass traits, meat quality, and fatty acid profiles in the longissimus dorsi muscle and...
The present study evaluated the effects of dietary -carbamylglutamate (NCG) on carcass traits, meat quality, and fatty acid profiles in the longissimus dorsi muscle and adipose tissues of Chinese Ningxiang pigs. A total of 36 castrated female pigs with a similar initial weight (43.21 ± 0.57 kg) were randomly assigned to two treatments (with six pens per treatment and three pigs per pen) and fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 0.08% NCG for 56 days. Results showed that dietary NCG reduced shear force ( = 0.004) and increased drip loss ( = 0.044) in longissimus dorsi muscle of Ningxiang pigs. Moreover, increased levels of oleic acid (C18:1n9c) ( = 0.009), paullinic acid (C20:1) ( = 0.004), and α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3) ( < 0.001), while significant reduction in the proportions of arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) ( < 0.001) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ( = 0.017) were observed in the longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs fed NCG when compared with those fed the control diet. As for adipose tissues, the C20:1 ( = 0.045) proportion in dorsal subcutaneous adipose (DSA), as well as the stearic acid (C18:0) ( = 0.018) level in perirenal adipose (PA) were decreased when pigs were fed the NCG diet compared with those of the control diet. In contrast, the margaric acid (C17:0) ( = 0.043) proportion in PA were increased. Moreover, the NCG diet produced PA with a greater proportion of total PUFAs ( = 0.001) (particularly linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) ( = 0.001)) compared with those produced by the control diet. These findings suggest that dietary NCG has beneficial effects by decreasing the shear force and improving the healthfulness of fatty acid profiles, providing a novel strategy for enhancing meat quality of pigs.
PubMed: 31935807
DOI: 10.3390/ani10010088