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The Veterinary Clinics of North America Feb 1977
Review
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 403650
DOI: 10.1016/s0091-0279(77)50011-1 -
The Veterinary Quarterly Dec 2004This article reviews the literature on mast cells and tumours derived from mast cells in the dog. Mast cells play a central role in inflammatory and immune reactions.... (Review)
Review
This article reviews the literature on mast cells and tumours derived from mast cells in the dog. Mast cells play a central role in inflammatory and immune reactions. Mast cells, normal and neoplastic, contain and release important biologically active substances: heparin, histamine, eosinophilic chemotactic factor and proteolytic enzymes. Mast cell tumours occur in the dog, particularly in the boxer and related breeds, in the skin and less frequently in the intestines. Cytology usually provides an accurate diagnosis, but histological examination adds further information concerning the histologic grade and the completeness of surgical therapy. Cutaneous mast cell tumours should be regarded as potentially malignant and therefore be removed widely (3 cm. margin). Local recurrence, regional and distant metastases together with paraneoplastic disorders may cause the death of the pet. Histologic grading (2 or 3 grades) and clinical staging together with kinetic parameters and breed (boxers have relatively benign tumours) are important prognostic parameters. Based on prognostic criteria, surgical treatment should be completed with adjuvant radiotherapy, corticosteroids and eventually with combined chemotherapy. A novel, promising therapy is the application of the receptor kinase inhibitor. The study of the pathogenesis of mast cell tumours received new impetus by the finding of mutations, deletions and duplications, in exons 11 and 12 of the C-kit oncogene. Further study of physiological and oncological aspects of mast cells are favoured by the availability of mast cells isolated from spontaneous mast cell tumours and of cultured cell lines.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mast Cells; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 15663212
DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2004.9695178 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Apr 2007The mast-cell sarcoma of a bone is described here for the first time. The tumour presented in a 4-year-old boy, with pain, oedema and deformation of his right lower leg....
The mast-cell sarcoma of a bone is described here for the first time. The tumour presented in a 4-year-old boy, with pain, oedema and deformation of his right lower leg. Radiological findings revealed a destructive tumourous mass. Histopathological examination showed the tumour to be composed of large, atypical cells, with hyperchromatic oval and polygonal nuclei. The cytoplasm around them was eosinophilic with many basophilic and toluidine-blue-positive granules. These atypical mast cells were positive for chloroacetate esterase, c-kit, tryptase and negative for myeloperoxidase. The primary disease quickly progressed to mast-cell leukaemia, and despite intensive chemotherapy the patient died 18 months after first symptoms.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Child, Preschool; Disease Progression; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Tibia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 17405977
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.040857 -
Veterinary and Comparative Oncology Jun 2018Prognosis of feline gastrointestinal mast cell tumours (FGIMCT), based on limited available literature, is described as guarded to poor, which may influence treatment...
Prognosis of feline gastrointestinal mast cell tumours (FGIMCT), based on limited available literature, is described as guarded to poor, which may influence treatment recommendations and patient outcome. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical findings, treatment response, and outcome of FGIMCT. Medical records of 31 cats diagnosed with and treated for FGIMCT were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included signalment, method of diagnosis, tumour location (including metastatic sites), treatment type, cause of death and survival time. Mean age was 12.9 y. Diagnosis was made via cytology (n = 15), histopathology (n = 13) or both (n = 3). Metastatic sites included abdominal lymph node (n = 10), abdominal viscera (n = 4) and both (n = 2). Therapeutic approaches included chemotherapy alone (n = 15), surgery and chemotherapy (n = 7), glucocorticoid only (n = 6) and surgery and glucocorticoid (n = 3). Lomustine (n = 15) and chlorambucil (n = 12) were the most commonly used chemotherapy drugs. Overall median survival time was 531 d (95% confidence interval 334, 982). Gastrointestinal location, diagnosis of additional cancers, and treatment type did not significantly affect survival time. Cause of death was tumour-related or unknown (n = 12) and unrelated (n = 8) in the 20 cats dead at the time of analysis. The prognosis for cats with FGIMCT may be better than previously reported, with 26% of cats deceased from an unrelated cause. Surgical and medical treatments (including prednisolone alone) were both associated with prolonged survival times. Treatment other than prednisolone may not be necessary in some cats. Continued research into prognostic factors and most effective treatment strategies are needed.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Databases, Factual; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Hospitals, Animal; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Mast Cells; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Neoplasm Staging; Retrospective Studies; Schools, Veterinary; Survival; Treatment Outcome; United States
PubMed: 28560846
DOI: 10.1111/vco.12326 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... May 2003The most common skin tumor in dogs is the mast cell tumor (MCT), with an incidence of close to 20% in the canine population. MCTs range from relatively benign to... (Review)
Review
The most common skin tumor in dogs is the mast cell tumor (MCT), with an incidence of close to 20% in the canine population. MCTs range from relatively benign to extremely aggressive, leading to metastasis and eventual death from systemic disease. Although surgical removal with or without radiation therapy may cure most patients with low-grade MCTs, there are no effective treatments for dogs with aggressive high-grade MCTs. This article reviews the current understanding of MCT biology with regard to diagnosis, staging, identification of prognostic indicators, and appropriate treatment planning.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mast-Cell Sarcoma
PubMed: 12852232
DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(03)00003-2 -
Journal of Pediatric Hematology/oncology May 2013Mast cell diseases comprise a spectrum of disorders including cutaneous mastocytosis, indolent or aggressive systemic variants including leukemia, and unifocal tumor...
Mast cell diseases comprise a spectrum of disorders including cutaneous mastocytosis, indolent or aggressive systemic variants including leukemia, and unifocal tumor formations such as benign extracutaneous mastocytoma or aggressive mast cell sarcoma (MCS). Many mast cell diseases are associated with aberrancy of c-KIT proto-oncogene resulting in tyrosine kinase activity, typically exhibiting point mutation in codon 816. MCS is an exceedingly rare clinicopathologic entity characterized by a unifocal accumulation of neoplastic mast cells that grow in a locally destructive manner. We report a case in a 2-year-old boy who was initially diagnosed at 8 months of age with atypical cutaneous mastocytoma of the right ear with subsequent aggressive, destructive growth pattern; features that were most consistent with MCS. So far, MCS has been documented in the literature in at least 6 human cases. To the best of our knowledge, our case represents the first MCS in an infant. Thorough multimodal approach with strict follow-up is relevant in appropriately diagnosing this rare entity, particularly in differentiating this lesion from other neoplasms that are more likely to occur in infancy.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Proto-Oncogene Mas
PubMed: 23211696
DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e318279e392 -
Leukemia & Lymphoma Jun 2017
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Bone Marrow; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Mastocytosis; Positron-Emission Tomography; Symptom Assessment; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27808598
DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2016.1250265 -
Pathology, Research and Practice Nov 2012Mastocytosis is a neoplastic disease of mast cells and their CD34+ precursors, including a heterogeneous group of disorders. It is characterized by abnormal growth and...
Mastocytosis is a neoplastic disease of mast cells and their CD34+ precursors, including a heterogeneous group of disorders. It is characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells in one or more organ systems. Mast cell sarcoma is an extremely rare and aggressive disease characterized by local proliferation of atypical mast cells, destructive growth and poor prognosis, without systemic involvement. Very few clinical cases describing this entity have been reported in the literature. In this paper, we report a case of a mast cell sarcoma, localized in the scalp of a 63-year-old woman; it appears to be the first manifestation of undisclosed systemic mastocytosis.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; DNA Mutational Analysis; DNA, Neoplasm; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Mast Cells; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Mastocytosis, Systemic; Middle Aged; Mutation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; Scalp; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 22963840
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2012.06.010 -
Clinical Neuropathology 2018In this report, we present a 53-year-old woman with primary mast cell sarcoma of the thoracic spine vertebrae. Mast cell sarcoma is an aggressive and rare cancer. To...
In this report, we present a 53-year-old woman with primary mast cell sarcoma of the thoracic spine vertebrae. Mast cell sarcoma is an aggressive and rare cancer. To date, no cases of primary mast cell sarcoma have been reported in the spinal vertebrae. The patient initially presented with a 1-month history of pelvic and abdominal pain. Inconclusive gynecological evaluation resulted in a CT of the abdomen and pelvis, demonstrating a destructive lesion centered at the 11 thoracic vertebral body. The patient underwent a two-stage spine operation for T11 corpectomy and T7-L3 posterior spinal fusion. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometry studies of the resection specimens showed the tumor to be mostly composed of CD117-positive and mast cell tryptase-positive cells with features consistent with mast cell sarcoma. This is the first reported case of primary vertebral mast cell sarcoma, which may mimic other destructive lesions of the spine including osteomyelitis, vertebral tuberculosis, or plasmacytoma. .
Topics: Female; Humans; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Middle Aged; Neurosurgical Procedures; Spinal Neoplasms; Thoracic Vertebrae; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28992848
DOI: 10.5414/NP301038 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Jan 2013Feline mast cell tumors (MCTs) are frequently encountered in general practice. MCTs are the most common splenic tumor, second most common skin tumor and third most... (Review)
Review
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE
Feline mast cell tumors (MCTs) are frequently encountered in general practice. MCTs are the most common splenic tumor, second most common skin tumor and third most common intestinal tumor in cats. Treatment and prognosis can vary dramatically with location and histologic classification.
CLINICAL CHALLENGES
While a cytologic or histologic diagnosis is often easy to obtain, the various histologic classifications, lack of a relevant grading scheme, and disparity in behavior depending on anatomic location make prognostication for cases of feline MCTs confusing. This is quite different from canine MCTs, where there is an established grading system which correlates clinically with prognosis and an accepted standard of care.
AUDIENCE
Due to its prevalence, general practitioners encounter MCTs regularly. In many instances, referral for diagnosis and treatment is not necessary.
EVIDENCE BASE
Historically, there has been limited clinical evidence upon which to determine optimal treatment of MCTs in cats. Most recommendations are based on limited case reports or retrospective studies. With the recent introduction of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors to the veterinary market, there has been new research on the use of these drugs in cats, and new treatment options are on the horizon.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dogs; Female; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Skin Neoplasms; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 23254240
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X12470343