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The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Mar 2006
Review
Topics: Animals; Disease-Free Survival; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Lymphatic Metastasis; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Neoplasm Staging; Skin Neoplasms; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 16604985
DOI: No ID Found -
Blood Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Bone Marrow; Mast-Cell Sarcoma
PubMed: 38635256
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023023189 -
The Journal of Small Animal Practice Aug 2007Mast cell tumours are one of the most common tumours of the canine skin and have a reputation for being difficult to manage because of their variable clinical... (Review)
Review
Mast cell tumours are one of the most common tumours of the canine skin and have a reputation for being difficult to manage because of their variable clinical presentation, behaviour and response to treatment. This review of recent literature on canine mast cell tumours suggests that the majority of such tumours may not be as bad as their reputation suggests. Most grade I and grade II tumours can be managed successfully by good surgery. Recent literature also calls into question the utility of clinical staging systems and the value of assessing surgical margins for prognosis and highlights the paucity of well-conducted, case-controlled clinical trials in assessing the efficacy of medical management of high-risk tumours. In terms of more basic research, recent studies have implicated the stem cell factor receptor KIT as having a role in the aetiology of canine mast cell tumours and there appears to be an association between c-kit mutation and higher grade of tumour. This may offer a possible target for new therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Animals; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 17559522
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00366.x -
Clinical Techniques in Small Animal... May 2003Mast cell tumors (MCT) are the most common malignant cutaneous tumors that occur in dogs. They are most commonly found on the trunk, accounting for approximately 50% to... (Review)
Review
Mast cell tumors (MCT) are the most common malignant cutaneous tumors that occur in dogs. They are most commonly found on the trunk, accounting for approximately 50% to 60% of all sites. MCTs associated with the limbs account for approximately 25% of all sites. Cutaneous MCTs have a wide variety of clinical appearances. Histologic grade is the most consistent prognostic factor available for dogs. MCTs located at 'nail bed' (subungual), inguinal/preputial area, and any mucocutaneous area like perineum or oral cavity carry a guarded prognosis and tend to metastasize. MCTs usually exfoliate well and are cytologically distinct. The extent of staging procedures following fine-needle aspirate cytologic diagnosis is based on the presence or absence of negative prognostic indicators. Surgery is the treatment of choice for solitary MCTs with no evidence of metastasis. Reponses rates to chemotherapy, (partial response) as high as 78% have been reported, and preliminary evidence suggests that multiagent (prednisone and vinblastine) protocols may confer a higher response rate than single-agent therapy. MCTs are the second most common cutaneous tumor in the cat. There are two distinct forms of cutaneous MCTs in the cat. The more common form is the mastocytic form, and the less common is the histiocytic form. Unlike in the dog, the head and neck are the most common sites for MCTs in the cat followed by the trunk and limbs. Cats with disseminated forms of MCT often present with systemic signs of illness, which include depression, anorexia, weight loss, and vomiting. The diagnosis and staging of MCTs in cats is similar to that in the dog. As with dogs with cutaneous MCTs, surgery is the treatment of choice. Little is known about the effectiveness of adjunctive chemotherapy options for cutaneous MCTs. Adjunctive chemotherapy does not appear to increase survival times.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 12831070
DOI: 10.1053/svms.2003.36624 -
Leukemia Research Aug 2003Two novel stem cell factor (SCF) dependent human mast cell lines, designated LAD 1 and 2, were established from bone marrow aspirates from a patient with mast cell...
Characterization of novel stem cell factor responsive human mast cell lines LAD 1 and 2 established from a patient with mast cell sarcoma/leukemia; activation following aggregation of FcepsilonRI or FcgammaRI.
Two novel stem cell factor (SCF) dependent human mast cell lines, designated LAD 1 and 2, were established from bone marrow aspirates from a patient with mast cell sarcoma/leukemia. LAD 1 and 2 cells have the ultrastructural features of human mast cells, and express FcepsilonRI, CD4, 9, 13, 14, 22, 31, 32, 45, 64, 71, 103, 117, 132, CXCR4 (CD184), CCR5 (CD195); and intracytoplasmic histamine, tryptase and chymase. LAD 1 and 2 do not exhibit activating mutations at codon 816 of c-kit. Both LAD 1 and 2 release beta-hexosaminidase following FcepsilonRI or FcgammaRI aggregation. The availability of these cell lines offers an unparalleled circumstance to examine the biology of human mast cells.
Topics: Adult; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Division; Cell Line; Dimerization; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Mast-Cell; Male; Mast Cells; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Mutation; Receptors, IgE; Receptors, IgG; Stem Cell Factor
PubMed: 12801524
DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(02)00343-0 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Aug 2017The medical records of 4 dogs with histologically confirmed intranasal mast cell tumors (MCTs) were retrospectively evaluated to determine their biological behavior....
The medical records of 4 dogs with histologically confirmed intranasal mast cell tumors (MCTs) were retrospectively evaluated to determine their biological behavior. Information on signalment, presenting clinical signs, tumor grade, treatment administered, and survival times was obtained from the medical record. All 4 patients had high grade tumors and received chemotherapy. Survival times ranged from 27 to 134 days. All 4 dogs showed signs of local or distant disease progression, suggestive of an aggressive behavior of intranasal MCTs.
Topics: Animals; Disease-Free Survival; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Nose Neoplasms; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28761193
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2024The therapeutic role and prognostic relevance of lymphadenectomy in mast cell tumor (MCT) has historically been evaluated on regional rather than sentinel lymph nodes.
BACKGROUND
The therapeutic role and prognostic relevance of lymphadenectomy in mast cell tumor (MCT) has historically been evaluated on regional rather than sentinel lymph nodes.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES
To update information about the association of histological nodal (HN) classes with clinical outcome in dogs with MCT after tumor excision and extirpation of normal-sized sentinel nodes (SLN) guided by radiopharmaceutical.
ANIMALS
Ninety-four dogs with histologically-confirmed treatment-naïve MCT (71 cutaneous, 22 subcutaneous and 1 conjunctival MCT) were included if without: distant metastases, lymphadenomegaly, concurrent mixed cutaneous, and subcutaneous MCT.
METHODS
This was a monoistitutional cohort study. Tumors characteristics were retrieved and SLNs were classified according to Weishaar's system. Incidence of MCT-related events (local, nodal, distant relapse), de novo MCT or other tumors and death (MCT-related and non-MCT-related), were recorded. Incidence curves were compared among the HN classes.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven dogs had HN0, 19 HN1, 37 HN2, and 11 HN3 SLN. Thirteen (2 HN0, 4 HN2, and 7 HN3) received adjuvant chemotherapies. Kiupel high grade, increasing number of SLN and lymphocentrums were associated with higher HN classes. Five dogs died for MCT-related causes: 1 low-grade (HN0) and 1 subcutaneous (HN3) had a local relapse, 2 high-grade had distant relapse (HN3-HN0) and 1 dog developed disease progression from a de novo subcutaneous MCT. No nodal relapse was registered. Fourteen dogs developed de novo MCTs.
CONCLUSION/DISCUSSION
Low grade/low-risk MCT with nonpalpable and normal sized SLN have a favorable outcome independently from the HN. Result should be considered strictly related to the successful SLN detection guided pre- and intraoperative by radiopharmaceutical markers.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Dog Diseases; Female; Male; Lymphatic Metastasis; Sentinel Lymph Node; Lymph Node Excision; Cohort Studies; Mastocytoma; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38426589
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16997 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Nov 1996Stem cell factor receptor (SCFR, c-kit), normally expressed on haematopoietic and mast cells, plays a regulatory role in cellular growth and differentiation....
Stem cell factor receptor (SCFR, c-kit), normally expressed on haematopoietic and mast cells, plays a regulatory role in cellular growth and differentiation. Dysregulated expression of SCFR may contribute to neoplastic transformation. We investigated expression of SCFR on malignant canine mast cells obtained directly from spontaneous canine mast cell neoplasms, in an attempt to determine whether these undifferentiated cells maintained expression of this growth-promoting cytokine receptor. Malignant mast cells (histological grade 2) from skin tumours or lymph node metastases were collected from canine patients, and SCFRs were detected by flow cytometric analysis of these cells. All of the tumours bound mouse and canine recombinant stem cell factor (SCF), indicating that the cells not only expressed SCFRs, but that the receptors possessed the functional property of ligand binding. Immunoglobulin Fc receptors for canine IgE were identified on these cells by flow cytometry, a further indication that the cells analysed were mast cells and retained some differentiated features. Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded mast cell tumour biopsies confirmed expression of SCFRs by malignant cells from each tumour. The relative binding of SCF to suspensions of tumour cells, as assessed by flow cytometry, correlated with the intensity of immunolabelling for SCFR in sections of the same tumours, suggesting variability in SCFR expression between tumours. Agarose gel electrophoresis of the products of SCFR reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction derived from each tumour had the molecular weight predicted for canine SCFR cDNA on the basis of the mouse and human counterparts. This further confirmed SCFR expression by malignant canine mast cells. Taken together, these results show that a membrane receptor capable of triggering cell growth is expressed by malignant canine mast cells, suggesting a role for this receptor in the aetiology of canine mast cell cancer. This relatively common malignancy of the dog would seem to present an opportunity for the investigation of the potential role of the SCF/SCFR pathway in the development of spontaneous malignancies of mast cells.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Flow Cytometry; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphatic Diseases; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 9004081
DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9975(96)80074-0 -
Australian Veterinary Journal Dec 2003To characterise the types of canine soft tissue sarcoma and mast cell tumour treated surgically at the University Veterinary Centre, Sydney. To evaluate the success of...
OBJECTIVE
To characterise the types of canine soft tissue sarcoma and mast cell tumour treated surgically at the University Veterinary Centre, Sydney. To evaluate the success of surgical treatment of these tumours and identify variables predictive of local recurrence and survival. To establish whether conclusions drawn from previous international studies are applicable to the University Veterinary Centre, Sydney, dog population and vice versa.
DESIGN
Clinical presentation and results of surgical excision of 54 soft tissue sarcomas and 70 mast cell tumours affecting the trunk and limbs of dogs at the University Veterinary Centre, Sydney, between 1989 and 2001 were reviewed retrospectively.
RESULTS
Cross-bred dogs and Rhodesian Ridgebacks were at significantly greater risk of developing soft tissue sarcomas, and Boxers, Australian Cattle Dogs and Staffordshire Bull Terriers were at significantly greater risk of developing mast cell tumours than other breeds. Fine needle aspiration biopsy yielded a correct diagnosis in 62.5% of soft tissue sarcomas and 96% of mast cell tumours. Local recurrence was encountered after surgical excision in 7.4% of soft tissue sarcomas and 7.3% of mast cell tumours. Metastasis occurred in 6% of soft tissue sarcomas and 12% of mast cell tumours. The most significant risk factors for local recurrence were contaminated surgical margins (soft tissue sarcomas) and histological grade (mast cell tumours). Due to the low number of animals experiencing metastasis, no conclusions could be drawn about significant risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Aggressive surgical management of soft tissue sarcomas and mast cell tumours is associated with a low incidence of local recurrence. The type, location and behaviour of mast cell tumours and soft tissue sarcomas in the population of dogs presented to the University Veterinary Centre, Sydney are similar to those reported by others.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Extremities; Female; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; New South Wales; Pedigree; Records; Retrospective Studies; Sarcoma; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 15080482
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2003.tb14601.x -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jul 1985Radiation alone can be used to treat mast cell tumors that are not likely to metastasize (that is, differentiated or localized lymphorecticular tumors). In patients with... (Review)
Review
Radiation alone can be used to treat mast cell tumors that are not likely to metastasize (that is, differentiated or localized lymphorecticular tumors). In patients with mast cell tumors that are likely to metastasize (that is, undifferentiated, metastatic mast cell disease or generalized lymphoreticular neoplasms), radiation should not be used as the only treatment agent. In these patients, treatment combinations of hyperthermia/chemotherapy and radiation/hyperthermia/chemotherapy have been shown to have promise, but these treatment combinations need to be evaluated in prospective trials.
Topics: Animals; Combined Modality Therapy; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Hyperthermia, Induced; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 3929445
DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(85)50040-6