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Veterinary Pathology Nov 1982Three neoplasms of extracutaneous mast-cell origin, arising from the nasopharynx, oral cavity, and hepatopancreatic lymph nodes respectively, were diagnosed in three...
Three neoplasms of extracutaneous mast-cell origin, arising from the nasopharynx, oral cavity, and hepatopancreatic lymph nodes respectively, were diagnosed in three dogs. The neoplasms had histologic features similar to those of cutaneous mast-cell tumors, but had limited metastasis mostly involving the regional lymph nodes. One dog had a perforating duodenal ulcer, suggesting that duodenal ulcers can occur with extracutaneous tumors as they do with some cutaneous mast-cell tumors in the dog.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Liver Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Mouth Neoplasms; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 6815869
DOI: 10.1177/030098588201900603 -
Veterinary and Comparative Oncology Dec 2020Genetic causes of canine mast cell tumours (MCTs), except for mutations in the KIT gene detected in some MCTs, are generally unknown. We used whole exome sequencing to...
Genetic causes of canine mast cell tumours (MCTs), except for mutations in the KIT gene detected in some MCTs, are generally unknown. We used whole exome sequencing to reveal mutation spectra in canine MCTs. We detected somatic mutations in 87 genes including 10 genes recognized as human cancer drivers. Besides KIT, 14 other genes were recurrently mutated. Subsequently, we performed next generation sequencing of a panel of 50 selected genes in additional MCT samples. In this group, the most frequently altered gene was GNB1 showing a recurrent dinucleotide substitution at position of Gly116 in 30% of the MCT samples (n = 6/20) and Ile80 substitution accompanied by a splice region mutation in one case. We extended the study by analysis of the above mentioned GNB1 regions in additional MCT samples by Sanger sequencing, and assessed the overall prevalence of GNB1 mutations to 17.3% (n = 14/81), which is similar to the prevalence of KIT alterations. Our results indicate that GNB1 mutations are probably involved in canine MCT pathogenesis in both cutaneous and subcutaneous MCT cases. As opposed to KIT alterations, the presence of GNB1 mutations did not negatively affect survival times, and our data even showed a trend towards positive prognosis. If our results are confirmed in a larger number of MCTs, an extension of molecular testing of canine MCTs by GNB1 analysis would help to refine the molecular stratification of MCTs, and become useful for targeted treatment strategies.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Mast Cells; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Mutation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
PubMed: 31999054
DOI: 10.1111/vco.12572 -
The Journal of Small Animal Practice Sep 1995Distilled water was studied as an hypoosmotic oncolysis agent to prevent mast cell tumour (MCT) recurrence following surgical excision. The results from 118 MCTs excised... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Distilled water was studied as an hypoosmotic oncolysis agent to prevent mast cell tumour (MCT) recurrence following surgical excision. The results from 118 MCTs excised in 74 dogs were: surgery alone, a recurrence rate of 52.6 per cent (10/19); and surgery followed by distilled water injections into the wound, a 26.2 per cent (26/99) recurrence rate. All of 10 small MCTs (0.03 to 0.25 cm3) injected with distilled water in situ with no surgery, regressed. The present data suggest that distilled water should be considered as an adjunct to surgery for canine MCTs.
Topics: Animals; Combined Modality Therapy; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Hypotonic Solutions; Injections, Intradermal; Injections, Intralesional; Injections, Intramuscular; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Skin Neoplasms; Water
PubMed: 8583766
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1995.tb02960.x -
The Veterinary Record Mar 2010
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Indoles; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Pyrroles; Research; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 20348476
DOI: 10.1136/vr.c1657 -
Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 1996Mastocytosis is a term collectively used for a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells. Clinical symptoms occur... (Review)
Review
Mastocytosis is a term collectively used for a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells. Clinical symptoms occur from the release of chemical mediators and the pathologic infiltration of cells. Three major groups of patients with mastocytosis can be distinguished: i) cutaneous mastocytosis, ii) mastocytosis involving the skin and one or more extracutaneous organ(s), and iii) visceral mastocytosis without involvement of the skin. Groups ii) and iii) account for approximately 15-20% of all cases and have been referred to as systemic mastocytosis. Cutaneous mastocytosis typically presents as urticaria pigmentosa or diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis. These patients usually have a benign course. In contrast, systemic mastocytosis is a diffuse hematologic process with an increased risk to develop aggressive disease. In these patients, additional hematologic abnormalities or a second hematologic process, such as a myeloproliferative or myelodysplastic syndrome, or acute leukemia, may develop. Malignant mastocytosis and mast cell leukemia are rare forms of mastocytosis and characterized by uncontrolled and progressive proliferation and infiltration of mast cells in diverse organs. These patients often present without cutaneous lesions and have a very unfavorable prognosis. Because of the immature morphology of the cells it is often difficult to establish the diagnosis in such patients. However, the use of antibodies to mast cell antigens has recently improved the diagnostic efficiency in patients with suspected mast cell disease. No effective therapy for patients with malignant mastocytosis is known, although some patients may benefit from corticosteroid and interferon alpha treatment. The present article gives an overview of current knowledge about the biology, heterogeneity and treatment of human mastocytosis.
Topics: Cell Division; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Leukemia, Mast-Cell; Mast Cells; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Mastocytosis; Prognosis; Urticaria Pigmentosa
PubMed: 8766423
DOI: No ID Found -
Characterizing Microscopical Invasion Patterns in Canine Mast Cell Tumours and Soft Tissue Sarcomas.Journal of Comparative Pathology Nov 2017Stromal invasion is identified commonly in cutaneous malignancies; however, invasive patterns are defined inconsistently and their clinical relevance is uncertain. This...
Stromal invasion is identified commonly in cutaneous malignancies; however, invasive patterns are defined inconsistently and their clinical relevance is uncertain. This study aimed to define objective, quantifiable histomorphological invasive patterns in low-grade canine mast cell tumours (MCTs) and grade I/II soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), and correlate invasive patterns with overall excisional status. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained glass slides prepared for routine histopathology of surgically-excised tumours from client-owned dogs were evaluated for invasion beyond their subgross edge, asymmetrical invasion, satellite lesions, lymphovascular invasion, perineurovascular growth, growth along fascial planes, intramuscular invasion and multicompartmental involvement. Digital histological tumour-free margins <1 mm in any direction were considered to represent an incomplete excision. Fifty-one dogs with 69 tumours (50 MCTs and 19 STSs) were included in the study. Invasion in both circumferential and deep directions was significantly greater in MCTs compared with STSs (exact 2-tailed P <0.0001 circumferential; P = 0.0095 deep). Within the MCT group, circumferential invasion was greater than deep invasion (P = 0.0076). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found two variables that were significantly associated with incomplete MCT excision: intraoperative grossly normal circumferential surgical margin size (odds ratio of 0.776, 95% confidence interval: 0.651-0.925) and asymmetry invasion index (odds ratio of 1.318, 95% confidence interval: 1.039-1.671). These data may help create evidence-based strategies for planning surgical resections of cutaneous malignancies. Presence of asymmetrical microscopical invasion might prompt pathologists to perform more comprehensive surgical margin evaluation.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Sarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 29169616
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.08.002 -
Journal of the American Animal Hospital... 1998Case records of 32 cats with cutaneous mast cell tumors (CMCTs) were reviewed. Using the Patnaik system for grading canine mast cell tumors, the relationships between...
Case records of 32 cats with cutaneous mast cell tumors (CMCTs) were reviewed. Using the Patnaik system for grading canine mast cell tumors, the relationships between histopathological grade and patient survival time and tumor recurrence were examined. Tumor histopathological grade had no prognostic significance. One-, two-, and three-year tumor recurrence rates following surgical excision were 16%, 19%, and 13%, respectively. Incomplete excision was not associated with a higher rate of tumor recurrence.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Survival Analysis; Time Factors
PubMed: 9657159
DOI: 10.5326/15473317-34-4-281 -
Veterinary Pathology Nov 1979Sixty-four canine cutaneous round cell tumors were divided into 25 mast cell tumors, 15 histiocytomas, nine cutaneous lymphosarcomas and 15 transmissible venereal...
Sixty-four canine cutaneous round cell tumors were divided into 25 mast cell tumors, 15 histiocytomas, nine cutaneous lymphosarcomas and 15 transmissible venereal tumors. The final diagnosis was made from cytologic, clinical and histologic findings. Cytologic features were significantly distinctive in mast cell tumor, transmissible venereal tumor, and most cases of histiocytoma and lymphosarcoma to allow a diagnostic opinion. This opinion was supported by subsequent histologic examination. In some instances cytology was considered essential in rendering a diagnostic opinion even though histology was available.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Skin Neoplasms; Venereal Tumors, Veterinary
PubMed: 228464
DOI: 10.1177/030098587901600605 -
Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound : the... 2007Equine mast cell tumors are typically benign solitary growths of the head, neck, trunk, or limbs. When involving the limbs, these masses tend to be adjacent to joints...
Equine mast cell tumors are typically benign solitary growths of the head, neck, trunk, or limbs. When involving the limbs, these masses tend to be adjacent to joints without involving them. In radiographs there is often a well-circumscribed soft tissue mass with granular mineralization. The Arabian breed appears to be over represented. Surgical removal is usually curative. In this report, we describe the diagnosis, clinical features, and management of mast cell tumors in the rear limb of a horse.
Topics: Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Hindlimb; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lameness, Animal; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Radiography; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 17236357
DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00200.x -
Veterinary Pathology Nov 1994In this study, age, sex, recurrence, metastasis, death rate, and histologic patterns were in agreement with those of previous reports on canine mast cell tumors.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
In this study, age, sex, recurrence, metastasis, death rate, and histologic patterns were in agreement with those of previous reports on canine mast cell tumors. Histologic grading, mitotic index, chromosome nucleolar organizer regions stained with silver (AgNORs), and anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were evaluated as indicators of prognosis. Histologic grading, AgNORs estimated in 100 cells, and PCNA-labeled fraction estimated in five high power fields (HPFs) were significantly different between recurring and nonrecurring tumors. Those prognostic factors were also significantly different between tumors that metastasized and those that did not. The survival time was lower in dogs with mast cell tumors with histologic grade 3 (Patnaik's), AgNOR counts higher than 2.25, and PCNA count in five HPFs higher than 261. The significance of these factors as markers for prognosis determined by logistic regression analysis differed with the time period considered. By combining the three most significant prognostic factors in a prognostic index, three models were obtained to determine the probability of nonrecurrence at 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery. The models were accurate in the prediction of the outcome of up to 80% of mast cell tumors. The use of these models provides a less subjective means of prognosticating mast cell tumors than the use of any one component alone.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Male; Mast-Cell Sarcoma; Mitotic Index; Nucleolus Organizer Region; Prognosis; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Recurrence; Regression Analysis; Silver Staining; Skin Neoplasms; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 7863578
DOI: 10.1177/030098589403100602