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Renal Failure 2013Congenital megacalycosis is a rare renal disease characterized by calyceal dilatation without pelvic or ureteral obstruction. If not accompanied by nephrolithiasis and... (Review)
Review
Congenital megacalycosis is a rare renal disease characterized by calyceal dilatation without pelvic or ureteral obstruction. If not accompanied by nephrolithiasis and urinary tract infection, this disease is completely benign and does not cause renal dysfunction. We present a case of congenital megacalycosis that was diagnosed at the age of 41 (oldest case in the literature) after admitting with hematuria and acute renal dysfunction. IgA nephropathy was also diagnosed in this patient. Since renal dysfunction is not likely in these patients, if encountered; renal biopsy should be performed although technically difficult to diagnose the cause of this dysfunction.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Hematuria; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Urography
PubMed: 23252475
DOI: 10.3109/0886022X.2012.731996 -
Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany) Jun 2005Congenital megacalycosis is a rare renal disorder consisting of caliceal dilatation without evidence of renal pelvic or ureteral obstruction. Since its first description...
Congenital megacalycosis is a rare renal disorder consisting of caliceal dilatation without evidence of renal pelvic or ureteral obstruction. Since its first description in 1963, only a few cases have been reported. The defect is mostly unilateral, shows male predominance and does not disrupt the renal functions. We report on two male patients with bilateral megacalycosis and different clinical presentations. The first case was diagnosed in adolescence during examination for a urinary tract infection and was followed-up uneventfully for nearly ten years. The second case was found to have megacalycosis during the assessment of antenatal hydronephrosis. We aimed to emphasize the importance of considering megacalycosis in the differential diagnosis of both antenatal hydronephrosis and other causes of caliceal dilatation to prevent unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Adolescent; Congenital Abnormalities; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Infant; Kidney Calices; Male; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; Ultrasonography; Urinary Tract Infections; Urography
PubMed: 15785940
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-004-1809-1 -
Zeitschrift Fur Kinderchirurgie : Organ... Dec 1988Congenital megacalycosis is a renal dysplasia characterised by hypoplasia of the medullary pyramids and associated non-obstructive dilatation of the calyces. Calyceal...
Congenital megacalycosis is a renal dysplasia characterised by hypoplasia of the medullary pyramids and associated non-obstructive dilatation of the calyces. Calyceal dilatation promotes via disturbed urodynamics the manifestation of chronic interstitial nephritis and calculus formation. Therapy is primarily not necessary, but in the presence of stone development and chronic infections surgical procedures may become indispensable. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy of megacalycosis in two children are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Kidney Calices; Kidney Diseases, Cystic; Kidney Pelvis; Male; Urography
PubMed: 3239257
DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1044105 -
La Presse Medicale Sep 1970
Topics: Adult; Angiography; Female; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Pelvis; Nephrectomy; Pyelonephritis
PubMed: 5455801
DOI: No ID Found -
Therapeutische Umschau. Revue... Feb 1985
Topics: Adult; Dilatation, Pathologic; Female; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Kidney Calices; Kidney Medulla; Kidney Pelvis; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography
PubMed: 3983874
DOI: No ID Found -
Urology Case Reports Sep 2022What happens when kidney stone clearance is not feasible? We report the case of a 46-year-old male who presented for review with bilateral congenital non-obstructive...
What happens when kidney stone clearance is not feasible? We report the case of a 46-year-old male who presented for review with bilateral congenital non-obstructive calyceal dilatation (megacalycosis) and high volume bilateral renal calculi in the setting of stage four chronic kidney disease. Since complete stone clearance was deemed futile, thus a consensus was made between Urology and Nephrology, and treatment goals were focused on addressing symptoms, preserving renal function and preventing urinary tract infections until renal transplantation is needed. This case highlights that for some patients with severe complex kidney stone disease, an alternative management plan is needed.
PubMed: 35795248
DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2022.102146 -
Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ... Apr 2018Renal agenesis occurs in pediatric population with the incidence 1:500- 2000 children. It is more often diagnosed in boys and on the left side of the body. Renal...
UNLABELLED
Renal agenesis occurs in pediatric population with the incidence 1:500- 2000 children. It is more often diagnosed in boys and on the left side of the body. Renal agenesis may be isolated or it may be a part of complex malformation syndrome. Megacalycosis is a very rare anomaly of urinary tract associated with abnormal structure of the kidney pyramids.
AIM
The aim of the study was to present for the first time in the medical literature the case of a girl with unilateral renal agenesis and megacalycosis.
CASE REPORT
A girl, born at term in good general medical condition, and with normal birth weight was admitted to the hospital because of urinary tract infection caused by E.coli. Antenatal abdominal ultrasounds were normal. In a diagnostic, repeated ultrasound studies, unilateral, left renal agenesis and the righ-sided megacalycosis were found. The right kidney had dilated collecting system, with normal size of renal pelvis and enlarged calyces up to 26 mm. The kidney function was normal. Voiding cystourethrography excluded vesicoureteral reflux. Dynamic scintigraphy 99mTc-EC showed the lack of function of the left kidney, postinflammatory changes and dilation of collecting system without signs of obstruction. During two-years follow up we didn't observe clinical relapse of urinary tract infection. Blood pressure and kidney function were normal.
CONCLUSIONS
Complex congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract (CAKUT) can be diagnosed at any age. Normal antenatal abdominal ultrasound does not exclude CAKUT. Every patient with congenital abnormalities of the kidney and the urinary tract requires long-term follow up, because of increased risk of chronic kidney disease.
Topics: Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Infant; Kidney Calices; Radionuclide Imaging; Solitary Kidney; Ultrasonography; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 29775450
DOI: No ID Found -
Research and Reports in Urology 2015To describe the radiological findings and the clinical importance of megacalycosis.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the radiological findings and the clinical importance of megacalycosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
On the basis of a case report and literature review, diagnostic criteria and clinical significance of megacalycosis are presented.
RESULT
Megacalycosis is mostly asymptomatic and is usually discovered either accidentally or as a result of its complications, such as stone formation, flank pain, hematuria, infection, and fever. The renal pelvis, infundibulum, and ureter are not dilated. Calyces have a semilunar configuration rather than the conventional triangular or conical form. The tip of each pyramid is flat, and the calyces possess neither fornix nor papillae impressions. The number of calyces is increased compared to the healthy condition, typically from 20-25. The renal parenchyma has a normal width but with a slight narrowing of the renal medulla. The kidney exhibits normal function, in particular with respect to its ability to concentrate the urine.
CONCLUSION
Megacalycosis is a rare, usually unilateral dilatation of the kidney calyces in the presence of a normal, undilated renal pelvis and ureter. Its pathological significance lies in the occurrence of complications.
PubMed: 26528455
DOI: 10.2147/RRU.S81519 -
Revista Clinica Espanola Dec 1981
Topics: Humans; Hydronephrosis; Kidney Calices; Kidney Pelvis
PubMed: 7342210
DOI: No ID Found -
Przeglad Lekarski 2006Megacalycosis is an uncommon, congenital renal abnormality, characterized by nonobstructive dilatation of the renal calyces with normal renal pelvis, ureter and bladder....
Megacalycosis is an uncommon, congenital renal abnormality, characterized by nonobstructive dilatation of the renal calyces with normal renal pelvis, ureter and bladder. This condition is due to underdevelopement or hypoplasia of Malpighie's pyramids. It usually occurs unilateraly as the isolated anomaly with strong male predominance. Megacalycosis itself does not impair the renal function but it can be the cause of urinary tract infections and calculus formation. This congenital defect is incidentally found by urography during the examination for urolithiasis or urinary tract infections or calculus formation. The images on radograms can be confused with obstructive or refluxing hydronephrosis or postinflamtory changes typical for pyelonephritis chronica. In case of megacalycosis surgical treatment is unnecessary. Patients with this condition should be followed-up with ultrasound and prevention of urinary tract infections or urolithiasis. Here we would like to report on the case of megacalycosis in a ten-year-old girl reffered to our deprtament due to UTI. Diagnosis of megacalycosis was established by typical urography findings: dilatation of renal calyces, no distention or obstruction of renal pelvic and ureter. The renal function was normal. No evidence of abnormality in cystoureterogram and uroflowmetry test was detected.
Topics: Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Dilatation, Pathologic; Female; Humans; Hydronephrosis; Kidney Pelvis; Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; Treatment Outcome; Urinary Tract Infections; Urography; Urolithiasis
PubMed: 16898512
DOI: No ID Found