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IJU Case Reports Jul 2023Megacalycosis is a rare disorder related to congenital underdevelopment of the renal papilla or structural defect of the renal calyces. Megacalycosis has a wide spectrum...
INTRODUCTION
Megacalycosis is a rare disorder related to congenital underdevelopment of the renal papilla or structural defect of the renal calyces. Megacalycosis has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from simple variants without any significance on renal function to severe complications. Any prevention strategy is recommended yet since megacalycosis is mostly asymptomatic and usually discovered either accidentally or as result of its complications.
CASE PRESENTATION
We observed megacalycosis progression in a young female with a single kidney toward progressive calyx dilatation for years, which ended in acute pyelonephritis. Conservative management, urinary drainage, and large-spectrum antibiotics were unsuccessful and nephrectomy was required.
CONCLUSION
This rare case and literature review add evidence to identify prognostic factors to select patients with a high risk of complications (single kidney, bilateral disease, female gender, associated genetic syndromes, vesicoureteral reflux, and contralateral renal disorder). One o more factors should activate close monitoring and prophylactic therapy if needed.
PubMed: 37405038
DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12597 -
Research and Reports in Urology 2015To describe the radiological findings and the clinical importance of megacalycosis.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the radiological findings and the clinical importance of megacalycosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
On the basis of a case report and literature review, diagnostic criteria and clinical significance of megacalycosis are presented.
RESULT
Megacalycosis is mostly asymptomatic and is usually discovered either accidentally or as a result of its complications, such as stone formation, flank pain, hematuria, infection, and fever. The renal pelvis, infundibulum, and ureter are not dilated. Calyces have a semilunar configuration rather than the conventional triangular or conical form. The tip of each pyramid is flat, and the calyces possess neither fornix nor papillae impressions. The number of calyces is increased compared to the healthy condition, typically from 20-25. The renal parenchyma has a normal width but with a slight narrowing of the renal medulla. The kidney exhibits normal function, in particular with respect to its ability to concentrate the urine.
CONCLUSION
Megacalycosis is a rare, usually unilateral dilatation of the kidney calyces in the presence of a normal, undilated renal pelvis and ureter. Its pathological significance lies in the occurrence of complications.
PubMed: 26528455
DOI: 10.2147/RRU.S81519 -
Clinical Case Reports Feb 2021Recurrent UTI's represent a challenge for physicians and anatomic abnormalities should be investigated thoroughly in this setting. Not all urinary tract dilatations mean...
Recurrent UTI's represent a challenge for physicians and anatomic abnormalities should be investigated thoroughly in this setting. Not all urinary tract dilatations mean obstruction. Several entities can mimic hydronephrosis without actual interruption of urinary flow. Uniform calyceal dilatation without dilatation of pelvis and ureter suggests megacalycosis.
PubMed: 33598298
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3687 -
Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang... Dec 2020
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Kidney Calices; Kidney Diseases; Medical Illustration; Radiography; Young Adult
PubMed: 33350970
DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208463 -
Urology Case Reports Sep 2022What happens when kidney stone clearance is not feasible? We report the case of a 46-year-old male who presented for review with bilateral congenital non-obstructive...
What happens when kidney stone clearance is not feasible? We report the case of a 46-year-old male who presented for review with bilateral congenital non-obstructive calyceal dilatation (megacalycosis) and high volume bilateral renal calculi in the setting of stage four chronic kidney disease. Since complete stone clearance was deemed futile, thus a consensus was made between Urology and Nephrology, and treatment goals were focused on addressing symptoms, preserving renal function and preventing urinary tract infections until renal transplantation is needed. This case highlights that for some patients with severe complex kidney stone disease, an alternative management plan is needed.
PubMed: 35795248
DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2022.102146 -
BMJ Case Reports 2010This report describes the diagnostic, morbid, anatomical and histopathological features of pyelocalyceal cysts with hydrotic nephritis of the kidney in a 3-year-old boy,...
This report describes the diagnostic, morbid, anatomical and histopathological features of pyelocalyceal cysts with hydrotic nephritis of the kidney in a 3-year-old boy, and discusses the pathogenesis. Calyceal cysts gave rise to a 'large blue cystic lobulated kidney' with microscopic changes in nephrons identifiable as 'hydrotic nephritic glomerulosclerosis'. Pelvic and calyceal cysts were identifiable by location, number, arrangement, and morbid anatomical and microscopic features of their lining walls. Such cysts may develop due to partial or complete obliterate adhesions at the uretero-pelvic and pyelocalyceal junctions. Patent calyceo-tubulonephric junctions in such cases may give rise to hydrotic nephritis. Pyelocalyceal cystic disease with hydrotic nephritis of the kidney needs to be distinguished from megacalycosis and hydronephrosis and deserves recognition. Observations in this case may provide the basis for future classifications of cystic renal diseases.
PubMed: 22427785
DOI: 10.1136/bcr.04.2009.1793 -
Case Reports in Genetics 2017Schinzel-Giedion syndrome (SGS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that results in facial dysmorphism, multiple congenital anomalies, and an increased risk of...
Schinzel-Giedion syndrome (SGS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that results in facial dysmorphism, multiple congenital anomalies, and an increased risk of malignancy. Recently, using exome sequencing, de novo heterozygous mutations in the gene have been identified in patients with SGS. Most affected individuals do not survive after childhood because of the severity of this disorder. Here, we report mutation confirmed by molecular analysis in a case of SGS with congenital megacalycosis.
PubMed: 29333303
DOI: 10.1155/2017/3740524 -
Journal of Indian Association of... Jan 2014Segmental dilatation of ureter is a giant, focal segmental ureteral dilatation producing an elongated and distorted ureter. Two children presented with this condition,...
Segmental dilatation of ureter is a giant, focal segmental ureteral dilatation producing an elongated and distorted ureter. Two children presented with this condition, one had ipsilateral megacalycosis and contralateral vesicoureteric reflux. The other had duplication of the kidney. The non-functioning lower moiety showed structure of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
PubMed: 24604984
DOI: 10.4103/0971-9261.125965 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2015
Topics: Dilatation, Pathologic; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Kidney Calices; Kidney Diseases; Urethral Stricture; Urinary Tract Infections; Young Adult
PubMed: 26977241
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.22.334.6868 -
Anales de Pediatria (Barcelona, Spain :... May 2004Dilation of the genitourinary tract is not always synonymous with obstruction. It is well known that malformations with apparent hydronephrosis and normal urinary flow...
Dilation of the genitourinary tract is not always synonymous with obstruction. It is well known that malformations with apparent hydronephrosis and normal urinary flow can exist. In addition, two or more distinct malformations of the genitourinary tract can coexist in the same patient. We present a case of coexistence of a unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney and contralateral megacalycosis associated with ipsilateral distal segmental megaureter. This association is unusual in the literature. Glomerular renal function was normal, with only a slight defect of renal concentration capacity.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney; Male; Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
PubMed: 15105004
DOI: 10.1016/s1695-4033(04)78308-3