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Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics Dec 2020: Only 20-40% of patients respond to therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, the early identification of subjects that can benefit from such... (Review)
Review
: Only 20-40% of patients respond to therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Therefore, the early identification of subjects that can benefit from such therapeutic regimen is mandatory. : The immunobiological mechanisms of ICIs are briefly illustrated. Furthermore, the limitations of traditional radiological approaches are covered. Then, the pros and cons of molecular imaging through positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT) are reviewed, with a particular focus on f-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) and PET-derived metabolic parameters. Lastly, translational perspective of radiopharmaceuticals others than F-FDG such as zirconium (Zr) or fluorine-18 (F) labeled monoclonal antibodies (e.g.Zr-atezolizumab, Zr-nivolumab) binding to specific biomarkers are discussed. : Molecular imaging presents a prominent role for the management of oncological patients treated with ICIs. Preliminary clinical data indicate that PET/CT with F-FDG is useful for assessing the response to treatment and for the imaging of immune-related adverse effects. Nevertheless, the methodological approach (iPERCIST, PERCIMT, or others) to be used for an optimal diagnostic accuracy and patients' evaluation is still a debated issue. PET/CT with radioligands directed toward ICIs biomarkers, although is still in a translational phase, holds the promise of accurately predicting the response to treatment and revealing the acquired resistance to immunotherapy.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Medical Oncology; Molecular Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Neoplasms; Prognosis; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 33215963
DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1854090 -
Der Radiologe Jul 2016
Topics: Evidence-Based Medicine; Germany; Humans; Image Enhancement; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 27335022
DOI: 10.1007/s00117-016-0132-8 -
Respiratory Research Jan 2018Imaging holds an important role in the diagnosis of lung diseases. Along with clinical tests, noninvasive imaging techniques provide complementary and valuable... (Review)
Review
Imaging holds an important role in the diagnosis of lung diseases. Along with clinical tests, noninvasive imaging techniques provide complementary and valuable information that enables a complete differential diagnosis. Various novel molecular imaging tools are currently under investigation aimed toward achieving a better understanding of lung disease physiopathology as well as early detection and accurate diagnosis leading to targeted treatment. Recent research on molecular imaging methods that may permit differentiation of the cellular and molecular components of pulmonary disease and monitoring of immune activation are detailed in this review. The application of molecular imaging to lung disease is currently in its early stage, especially compared to other organs or tissues, but future studies will undoubtedly reveal useful pulmonary imaging probes and imaging modalities.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Graft Rejection; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 29368614
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0716-0 -
Philosophical Transactions. Series A,... Nov 2017Pharmaceutical research and development requires a systematic interrogation of a candidate molecule through clinical studies. To ensure resources are spent on only the... (Review)
Review
Pharmaceutical research and development requires a systematic interrogation of a candidate molecule through clinical studies. To ensure resources are spent on only the most promising molecules, early clinical studies must understand fundamental attributes of the drug candidate, including exposure at the target site, target binding and pharmacological response in disease. Molecular imaging has the potential to quantitatively characterize these properties in small, efficient clinical studies. Specific benefits of molecular imaging in this setting (compared to blood and tissue sampling) include non-invasiveness and the ability to survey the whole body temporally. These methods have been adopted primarily for neuroscience drug development, catalysed by the inability to access the brain compartment by other means. If we believe molecular imaging is a technology platform able to underpin clinical drug development, why is it not adopted further to enable earlier decisions? This article considers current drug development needs, progress towards integration of molecular imaging into studies, current impediments and proposed models to broaden use and increase impact.This article is part of the themed issue 'Challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging'.
Topics: Drug Development; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Molecular Probe Techniques; Multimodal Imaging; Precision Medicine; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 29038381
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0112 -
International Review of Psychiatry... Dec 2017
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neuropsychiatry
PubMed: 29231768
DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1403201 -
Radiology Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 37987660
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231930 -
Advances in Biochemical... 2020The origin of the term diagnostic comes from the Greek word gnosis, meaning "to know." In medicine, a diagnostic can predict the pathology risk, disease status,... (Review)
Review
The origin of the term diagnostic comes from the Greek word gnosis, meaning "to know." In medicine, a diagnostic can predict the pathology risk, disease status, treatment, and prognosis, even following therapy. An early and correct diagnosis is necessary for an efficient treatment. Moreover, it is possible to predict if and why a therapy will be successful or fail, enabling the timely application of alternative therapeutic strategies. Available diagnostics are due to the advances in biotechnology; however, more sensitive, low-cost, and noninvasive methodologies are still a challenge. Knowledge about molecular characteristics provide personalized information, which is the goal of future medicine. Today, multiple diagnostic techniques have emerged, with which it is possible to distinguish molecular patterns.In this way, aptamers are the perfect tools to recognize molecular targets and can be easily modified to confer additional functions. Their versatile characteristics and low cost make aptamers ideal for diagnostic applications.This chapter is a review of aptamer-based diagnostics in biomedicine, with a special focus on probe design and molecular imaging. Graphical Abstract.
Topics: Aptamers, Nucleotide; Biotechnology; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Molecular Imaging; SELEX Aptamer Technique
PubMed: 31848635
DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_115 -
Radiology Mar 2010Recent common interest in molecular imaging among both diagnostic and interventional radiologists has led to the establishment of a concept that could be called... (Review)
Review
Recent common interest in molecular imaging among both diagnostic and interventional radiologists has led to the establishment of a concept that could be called interventional molecular imaging. This concept, by combining interventional radiology with molecular imaging, is aiming to fully apply the advantages of both imaging fields. Interventional radiology can extend the capabilities of currently available molecular imaging techniques to (a) reach deep-seated targets, (b) enable a close look at small targets, (c) precisely guide delivery of nontargeted imaging tracers or therapeutic agents, and (d) superselectively enhance the effectiveness of targeted imaging and treatment. Interventional molecular imaging is becoming one of the frameworks for bringing molecular imaging from benches and small-animal laboratories to large-animal suites and, ultimately, to certain clinical applications in humans. (c) RSNA, 2010.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Molecular Imaging; Radiology, Interventional; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 20177082
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.09091264 -
Cellular Immunology Feb 2020Cancer immunotherapy, due to its high anti-tumor efficacy, has attracted considerable attention globally from experts in various fields. However, immunotherapy could be... (Review)
Review
Cancer immunotherapy, due to its high anti-tumor efficacy, has attracted considerable attention globally from experts in various fields. However, immunotherapy could be severely toxic; not all patients may respond, thus requiring combination therapy. Therefore, a reasonable selection strategy for early treatment is urgently needed. It is vital to capture the dynamic, heterogeneous, and complex tumor behavior considering the absence of ideal companion biomarkers. Since tumor immune response involves tumor cells, several other cell types, and molecules in the tumor microenvironment, detection is very complex and variable. However, molecular imaging technology, namely the non-invasive whole-body molecular imaging by positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography, has shown considerable promise in tumor detection and cancer immunotherapy response. Identification of potential novel imaging biomarkers will allow a personalized treatment plan for every patient. Future imaging strategies for these molecules used alone or in combination or continuously, might help stratify patients before or during the early stages of immunotherapy, and might address the immunotherapy challenges encountered by the oncologists.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immunotherapy; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms
PubMed: 32007223
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104039 -
Current Opinion in Chemical Biology Aug 2016After more than a decade of instrument and method development, broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) micro-spectroscopy is beginning to live up to its... (Review)
Review
After more than a decade of instrument and method development, broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) micro-spectroscopy is beginning to live up to its potential as a label-free imaging modality that can rapidly generate high resolution images with full vibrational spectra at each image pixel. Presently these instruments are able to obtain quantitative, spatially resolved information on lipids from the CH stretch region of the Raman spectrum, and some instrument designs facilitate acquisition of high quality fingerprint spectra, containing information on a host of molecular species including structural proteins, nucleotides, and metabolites. While most of the existing instruments are research projects themselves, it appears that the relevant technologies are maturing so that commercially available instruments may not be too far in the future, making this remarkable imaging modality widely available.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 27400394
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.05.010