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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2022Plants and fungi are known as a valuable source of natural medicines used in the treatment of various diseases. Many of them are used to treat human and animal...
Plants and fungi are known as a valuable source of natural medicines used in the treatment of various diseases. Many of them are used to treat human and animal gastrointestinal diseases caused by parasites. The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the antinematode properties of extracellular low-molecular subfractions (ex-LMS) obtained from the liquid growth medium of idiophasic Cerrena unicolor cultures. The fungal fractions were isolated according to a procedure previously described by Jaszek et al. The in vitro tests were performed using nematodes of the Rhabditis genus. As demonstrated by the results, the total fraction with a molecular weight < 10 kDa (CU-A) and the 0.02−1.5 kDa fraction (CU-B) had nematicidal activity. It was found that the analyzed substances induced movement disturbances caused by the paralysis of the back part of the nematode’s body. The degree of body paralysis was proportional to the increase in the concentration of the tested fractions. Summarizing the obtained results in the context of the available literature data, it seems that C. unicolor may be a good new candidate for research on nematode infections.
Topics: Animals; Fungi; Molecular Weight; Polyporales; Rhabditoidea
PubMed: 35268762
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051660 -
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Oct 2022Two different low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) have been 3D-printed as filaments by wet-spininng. When the two LMWGs are simultaneously wet-spun, the co-assembled...
Two different low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) have been 3D-printed as filaments by wet-spininng. When the two LMWGs are simultaneously wet-spun, the co-assembled hybrid gel filaments combine the individual properties of the two gelators (dynamic pH response and in-situ metal nanoparticle formation) in synergistic ways, creating gel objects with new properties.
Topics: Gels; Molecular Weight; Printing, Three-Dimensional
PubMed: 36102842
DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04003d -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023There is a growing need for healthier foods with no and reduced saturated fat. However, solid fats play critical roles in texture and sensory attributes of food...
There is a growing need for healthier foods with no and reduced saturated fat. However, solid fats play critical roles in texture and sensory attributes of food products, making it challenging to eliminate them in foods. Recently, the concept of oleogelation as a novel oil structuring technique has received numerous attentions owing to their great potential to mimic the properties of solid fats. Understanding textural, rheological and sensory properties of oleogels helps predict the techno-functionalities of oleogels to replace solid fats in food products. This research critically reviews the textural and rheological properties of oleogels prepared by low molecular weight oleogelators (LMWGs) and functional characteristics of foods formulated by these oleogels. The mechanical properties of LMWG-containing oleogels are comprehensively discussed against conventional solid fats. The interactions between the oleogel and its surrounding food matrix are explained, and the sensory attributes of oleogel containing reformulated products are highlighted. Scientific insights into the texture and rheological properties of oleogels manufactured with a wide range of low molecular gelators and their related products are provided in order to boost their implication for creating healthier foods with high consumer acceptability. Future research opportunities on low molecular weight gelators are also discussed.
Topics: Molecular Weight; Organic Chemicals; Fatty Acids; Rheology
PubMed: 35057682
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2027339 -
Nature Oct 1962
Topics: Enzymes; Humans; Molecular Weight
PubMed: 13939606
DOI: 10.1038/196171b0 -
Nature Jun 1947
Topics: Humans; Melanins; Molecular Weight
PubMed: 20343976
DOI: 10.1038/159843a0 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jun 2022Molecular weight has an important bearing on the properties of supramolecular polymers. However, the intuitive differentiation of the molecular weight of supramolecular...
Molecular weight has an important bearing on the properties of supramolecular polymers. However, the intuitive differentiation of the molecular weight of supramolecular polymers remains challenging. Given this situation, establishing a reliable relationship between fluorescence properties and molecular weight may be a promising strategy. Herein, we prepared a supramolecular monomer M1 with aggregation-induced ratiometric emission characteristics. With the increasing M1 concentration (0.100-100 mM), the average degree of polymerization (DP ) rose from 1.00 to 293. Meanwhile, the color changed from dark blue to cyan, finally to yellow-green in the same concentration range. Hence, the intuitive relationship between DP and fluorescence colors was constructed, allowing the visual differentiation of molecular weight. Moreover, the fluorescence color could be regulated by introducing a competitive molecule to induce the depolymerization of supramolecular polymers.
Topics: Fluorescence; Molecular Weight; Polymerization; Polymers
PubMed: 35332640
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203505 -
Chemical Society Reviews Jan 2013Gelators may be divided into chemical gels and physical gels: the internal structure of chemical gels is made of chemical bonds, while physical gels are characterized by... (Review)
Review
Gelators may be divided into chemical gels and physical gels: the internal structure of chemical gels is made of chemical bonds, while physical gels are characterized by dynamic cross-links that are constantly created and broken. The gelator present in physical gels may be an inorganic or an organic compound, the latter having a molecular weight of ≤500 amu. These compounds are generally called "low molecular weight gelators" (LMWGs). In this tutorial review we want to focus our attention on short peptides or peptidomimetics that behave as LMWGs. Peptidomimetics are small protein-like molecules designed to mimic natural peptides. To efficiently design a peptidomimetic, local constraints must be introduced into the skeleton, to induce the formation of preferred secondary structures.
Topics: Gels; Molecular Weight; Peptides; Peptidomimetics
PubMed: 23032970
DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35284b -
A simple organic solvent precipitation method to improve detection of low molecular weight proteins.Proteomics Oct 2021Mass spectrometry-based proteomics revolutionized global proteomic profiling. Although high molecular weight abundant proteins are readily sampled in global proteomics...
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics revolutionized global proteomic profiling. Although high molecular weight abundant proteins are readily sampled in global proteomics studies, less abundant low molecular weight proteins are often underrepresented. This includes biologically important classes of low molecular weight proteins including ligands, growth factors, peptide hormones and cytokines. Although extensive fractionation can facilitate achieving better coverage of proteome, it requires additional infrastructure, mass spectrometry time and labour. There is need for a simple method that can selectively deplete high molecular weight abundant proteins and enrich for low molecular weight less abundant proteins to improve their coverage in proteomics studies. We present a simple organic-solvent based protein precipitation method that selectively depletes high molecular weight proteins and enriches low molecular weight proteins in the soluble fraction. Using this strategy, we demonstrate identification of low molecular weight proteins that are generally underrepresented in proteomics datasets. In addition, we show the utility of this approach in identifying functional cleavage products from precursor proteins and low molecular weight short open reading frame proteins encoded by non-coding regions such as lncRNAs and UTRs. As the method does not require additional infrastructure, it can complement existing proteomics workflows to increase detection and coverage of low molecular weight proteins that are less abundant.
Topics: Molecular Weight; Peptides; Proteome; Proteomics; Solvents
PubMed: 34390184
DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100152 -
Water Science and Technology : a... Jan 2020The biodegradation of polyacrylamide (PAM) includes the hydrolysis of amino groups and cleavage of the carbon chain; however, the effect of molecular weight on the...
The biodegradation of polyacrylamide (PAM) includes the hydrolysis of amino groups and cleavage of the carbon chain; however, the effect of molecular weight on the biodegradation needs further investigations. In this study, biodegradation of low molecular weight PAM (1.6 × 10 Da) was evaluated in two aerobic (25 °C and 40 °C) and two anaerobic (35 °C and 55 °C) reactors over 100 days. The removal of the low molecular weight PAM (52.0-52.6%) through the hydrolysis of amino groups by anaerobic treatment (35 °C and 55 °C) was much higher than that of the high molecular weight (2.2 × 10 Da, 11.2-17.0%) observed under the same conditions. The molecular weight was reduced from 1.6 × 10 to 6.45-7.42 × 10 Da for the low molecular weight PAM, while the high molecular weight PAM declined from 2.2 × 10 to 3.76-5.87 × 10 Da. The results showed that the amino hydrolysis of low molecular weight PAM is easier than that of the high molecular weight one, while the cleavage of its carbon chain is still difficult. The molecular weights of PAM in the effluents from the two aerobic reactors (25 °C and 40 °C) were further reduced to 4.31 × 10 and 5.68 × 10 Da by the biofilm treatment, respectively. The results would be useful for the management of wastewater containing PAM.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Anaerobiosis; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bioreactors; Molecular Weight
PubMed: 32333663
DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.109 -
Carbohydrate Research Oct 1976A recently reported method describes the determination of the molecular-weight range of heparins by using an electrofocusing procedure to isolate individual molecular...
A recently reported method describes the determination of the molecular-weight range of heparins by using an electrofocusing procedure to isolate individual molecular species. Commercially available heparins were fractionated on a column of polyacrylamide-agarose gel to give fractions whose molecular weights were estimated by viscometry. Fractions with mutually exclusive molecllar-weight ranges gave an appreciable number of common bands when subjected to the electrofocusing procedure; therefore, each of these bands cannot be formed from a single molecular species of heparin. Other mucopolysaccharides also gave band sequences indistinguishable from those of heparin; they differed in position and intensity with different ampholyte batches, and probably arose from individual molecular species of the ampholyte rather than the mucopolysaccharide. The molecular-weight range of the heparin was observed to be broader than that usually reported.
Topics: Chromatography, Gel; Heparin; Isoelectric Focusing; Molecular Weight; Viscosity
PubMed: 1000525
DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)84041-0