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Nucleic Acids Research Oct 1980A method is presented for the rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA (50,000 base pairs or more in length) which is free of contaminants which interfere with...
A method is presented for the rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA (50,000 base pairs or more in length) which is free of contaminants which interfere with complete digestion by restriction endonucleases. The procedure yields total cellular DNA (i.e. nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial DNA). The technique is ideal for the rapid isolation of small amounts of DNA from many different species and is also useful for large scale isolations.
Topics: DNA; Indicators and Reagents; Methods; Molecular Weight; Plants
PubMed: 7433111
DOI: 10.1093/nar/8.19.4321 -
Vaccine Jun 2021High Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography coupled with Multi-Angle Light Scattering detection (HPSEC-MALS) is an important tool to provide a reliable molecular...
High Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography coupled with Multi-Angle Light Scattering detection (HPSEC-MALS) is an important tool to provide a reliable molecular weight measurement for a large complex biomolecule. A recent HIV-1 soluble envelope trimer vaccine candidate, BG505 DS-SOSIP.664, is among the most glycosylated proteins to enter a clinical trial to date, and determination of its protein and glycan molecular weight is one of the key attributes in pre-clinical characterization. However, protein and glycans possess disparate dndcvalues making molecular weight measurement inaccurate in conventional SEC-MALS. To overcome these challenges, a simple mathematically guided experiment was explored, and a composite dndcvalue was established by utilizing protein and glycan mass contributions for the HIV-1 envelope trimer. This establishment was further verified by an orthogonal mass spectrometry analysis. This innovative, simple, and quick analytical approach can be applied broadly to measuring the molecular weight of various composite molecular structures, such as complex glycoconjugates.
Topics: Antibodies, Neutralizing; HIV Antibodies; HIV-1; Molecular Weight; Polysaccharides; Protein Multimerization; env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
PubMed: 34053790
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.048 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022
Topics: Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Immunotherapy; Molecular Weight; Neoplasms
PubMed: 35663988
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.920442 -
PloS One 2021Rapid advancements in long-read sequencing technologies have transformed read lengths from bps to Mbps, which has enabled chromosome-scale genome assemblies. However,...
Rapid advancements in long-read sequencing technologies have transformed read lengths from bps to Mbps, which has enabled chromosome-scale genome assemblies. However, read lengths are now becoming limited by the extraction of pure high-molecular weight DNA suitable for long-read sequencing, which is particularly challenging in plants and fungi. To overcome this, we present a protocol collection; high-molecular weight DNA extraction, clean-up and size selection for long-read sequencing. We optimised a gentle magnetic bead based high-molecular weight DNA extraction, which is presented here in detail. The protocol circumvents spin columns and high-centrifugation, to limit DNA fragmentation. The protocol is scalable based on tissue input, which can be used on many species of plants, fungi, reptiles and bacteria. It is also cost effective compared to kit-based protocols and hence applicable at scale in low resource settings. An optional sorbitol wash is listed and is highly recommended for plant and fungal tissues. To further remove any remaining contaminants such as phenols and polysaccharides, optional DNA clean-up and size selection strategies are given. This protocol collection is suitable for all common long-read sequencing platforms, such as technologies offered by PacBio and Oxford Nanopore. Using these protocols, sequencing on the Oxford Nanopore MinION can achieve read length N50 values of 30-50 kb, with reads exceeding 200 kb and outputs ranging from 15-30 Gbp. This has been routinely achieved with various plant, fungi, animal and bacteria samples.
Topics: DNA; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Molecular Weight; Nanopores; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 34264958
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253830 -
Chemical Society Reviews May 2018Self-assembled peptide nanostructures have been increasingly exploited as functional materials for applications in biomedicine and energy. The emergent properties of... (Review)
Review
Self-assembled peptide nanostructures have been increasingly exploited as functional materials for applications in biomedicine and energy. The emergent properties of these nanomaterials determine the applications for which they can be exploited. It has recently been appreciated that nanomaterials composed of multicomponent coassembled peptides often display unique emergent properties that have the potential to dramatically expand the functional utility of peptide-based materials. This review presents recent efforts in the development of multicomponent peptide assemblies. The discussion includes multicomponent assemblies derived from short low molecular weight peptides, peptide amphiphiles, coiled coil peptides, collagen, and β-sheet peptides. The design, structure, emergent properties, and applications for these multicomponent assemblies are presented in order to illustrate the potential of these formulations as sophisticated next-generation bio-inspired materials.
Topics: Molecular Weight; Nanostructures; Peptides; Protein Conformation
PubMed: 29697126
DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00115d -
International Journal of Cosmetic... Aug 2021Cosmetic emulsions containing hyaluronic acid are ubiquitous in the cosmetic industry. However, the addition of (different molecular weight) hyaluronic acid can affect...
OBJECTIVE
Cosmetic emulsions containing hyaluronic acid are ubiquitous in the cosmetic industry. However, the addition of (different molecular weight) hyaluronic acid can affect the filament stretching properties of concentrated emulsions. This property is often related to the "stringiness" of an emulsion, which can affect the consumer's choice for a product. It is thus very important to investigate and predict the effect of hyaluronic acid on the filament stretching properties of cosmetic emulsions.
METHODS
Model emulsions and emulsions with low and high molecular weights are prepared and their filament stretching properties are studied by the use of an extensional rheometer. Two different stretching speeds are employed during the stretching of the emulsions, a low speed at 10 µm/s and a high speed at 10 mm/s. The shear rheology of the samples is measured by rotational rheology.
RESULTS
We find that filament formation only occurs at high stretching speeds when the emulsion contains high molecular weight hyaluronic acid. The formation of this filament, which happens at intermediate states of the break-up, coincides with an exponential decay in the break-up dynamics. The beginning and end of the break-up of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid emulsions show a power law behaviour, where the exponent depends on the initial stretching rate. At a lower stretching speed, no filament is observed for both high molecular weight and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid emulsions and the model emulsion. The emulsions show a power law behaviour over the whole break-up range, where the exponent also depends on the stretching rate. No significant difference is observed between the shear flow properties of the emulsions containing different molecular weights hyaluronic acid.
CONCLUSION
In this work, we underline the importance of the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid on the elongational properties of concentrated emulsions. The filament formation properties, for example the stringiness, of an emulsion is a key determinant of a product liking and repeat purchase. Here, we find that high molecular weight hyaluronic acid and a high stretching speed are the control parameters affecting the filament formation of an emulsion.
Topics: Cosmetics; Emulsions; Hyaluronic Acid; Molecular Weight; Rheology
PubMed: 34008867
DOI: 10.1111/ics.12711 -
Polimery W Medycynie 2021Fucoidans represent the sulfated heteropolysaccharides that possess a wide range of important pharmacological properties. The properties of a fucoidan depend on several... (Review)
Review
Fucoidans represent the sulfated heteropolysaccharides that possess a wide range of important pharmacological properties. The properties of a fucoidan depend on several factors, including the molecular weight and the way of extraction. However, the selection of an optimal depolymerization method is necessary to enhance its therapeutic applications. Reducing the molecular weight of fucoidans will make it possible to use them in creating nanoparticles and nanocarriers for, among others, the targeted drug delivery. The molecular mass of the polymer can be changed by means of various methods of depolymerization. In this work, the possibility of application of ultrasonic destruction for decrease in the size of fucoidan molecules for the purpose of expansion of opportunities and spheres of their therapeutic application is considered. This is one of the simple and effective methods of depolymerization of fucoidan, which leads to a decrease in molecular weight without significant structural changes in macromolecules. In addition, methods and potential applications of the ultrasonic extraction of fucoidan from seaweed and the possibilities of their combination are discussed, as well as other physical or chemical methods of extraction.
Topics: Molecular Weight; Nanoparticles; Polysaccharides; Ultrasonics
PubMed: 34910386
DOI: 10.17219/pim/143961 -
Marine Drugs Jul 2023Microalgae are abundant components of the biosphere rich in low molecular weight carbohydrate-containing natural products (glycoconjugates). Glycoconjugates take part in... (Review)
Review
Microalgae are abundant components of the biosphere rich in low molecular weight carbohydrate-containing natural products (glycoconjugates). Glycoconjugates take part in the processes of photosynthesis, provide producers with important biological molecules, influence other organisms and are known by their biological activities. Some of them, for example, glycosylated toxins and arsenicals, are detrimental and can be transferred via food chains into higher organisms, including humans. So far, the studies on a series of particular groups of microalgal glycoconjugates were not comprehensively discussed in special reviews. In this review, a special focus is given to glycoconjugates' isolation, structure determination, properties and approaches to search for new bioactive metabolites. Analysis of literature data concerning structures, functions and biological activities of ribosylated arsenicals, galactosylated and sulfoquinovosylated lipids, phosphoglycolipids, glycoside derivatives of toxins, and other groups of glycoconjugates was carried out and discussed. Recent studies were fundamental in the discovery of a great variety of new carbohydrate-containing metabolites and their biological activities in defining the role of microalgal viral infections in regulating microalgal blooms as well as in the detection of glycoconjugates with potent immunomodulatory properties. Those discoveries support growing interest in these molecules.
Topics: Humans; Microalgae; Molecular Weight; Glycosides; Photosynthesis; Arsenicals
PubMed: 37623708
DOI: 10.3390/md21080427 -
Molecular weight degradation and rheological properties of schizophyllan under ultrasonic treatment.Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Mar 2015Molecular weight degradation effects of schizophyllan (SPG) under ultrasonic treatments were investigated in this study. The degradation product was treated by alcohol...
Molecular weight degradation effects of schizophyllan (SPG) under ultrasonic treatments were investigated in this study. The degradation product was treated by alcohol fractional precipitation technology, and the molecular weight and rheological properties of ultrasonic-treated SPG (USPG) fractions were evaluated. Average molecular weight of SPG decreased significantly after ultrasonic treatments, and degradation product had more narrow distribution of molecular weight. The molecular weight degradation kinetics of SPG is adequately described by a second-order reaction. USPG fractions with different molecular weight were obtained by fractional precipitation for final alcohol concentration fractions 0-40%, 40-60% and 60-80%, respectively. USPG fractions had near-Newtonian flow behaviors, and USPG₈₀% exhibited viscous responses over the entire accessible frequency range. Therefore, ultrasonic treatment is a viable modification technology for SPG and other polymer materials with high molecular weight.
Topics: Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Rheology; Sizofiran; Ultrasonics
PubMed: 25263766
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.09.008 -
Topics in Current Chemistry (Cham) Aug 2022Glycopolymer materials have emerged as a significant biopolymer class that has piqued the scientific community's attention due to their potential applications. Recently,... (Review)
Review
Glycopolymer materials have emerged as a significant biopolymer class that has piqued the scientific community's attention due to their potential applications. Recently, they have been found to be a unique synthetic biomaterial; glycopolymer materials have also been used for various applications, including direct therapeutic methods, medical adhesives, drug/gene delivery systems, and biosensor applications. Therefore, for the next stage of biomaterial research, it is essential to understand current breakthroughs in glycopolymer-based materials research. This review discusses the most widely utilized synthetic methodologies for glycopolymer-based materials, their properties based on structure-function interactions, and the significance of these materials in biosensing applications, among other topics. When creating glycopolymer materials, contemporary polymerization methods allow precise control over molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, chemical activity, and polymer architecture. This review concludes with a discussion of the challenges and complexities of glycopolymer-based biosensors, in addition to their potential applications in the future.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Biosensing Techniques; Molecular Weight; Polymerization; Polymers
PubMed: 35951265
DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00395-5