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The Australasian Journal of Dermatology Feb 1996While most dermal melanocytoses are congenital or have an onset in early childhood, there is a group which is clearly acquired, with an onset in adult life. While the... (Review)
Review
While most dermal melanocytoses are congenital or have an onset in early childhood, there is a group which is clearly acquired, with an onset in adult life. While the Mongolian spot typically disappears in childhood, other dermal melanocytoses persist for life. A brief review of the clinical spectrum of the dermal melanocytoses is undertaken and three illustrative cases are described: a case of congenital naevus of Ota, a case of acquired bilateral naevus of Ota-like macules, and an unusual case of a congenital dermal melanocytotic lesion on the left had which began to spread in adulthood. The possibilities regarding the pathogenesis of this intriguing group of disorders are considered.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Biopsy, Needle; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Incidence; Melanocytes; Middle Aged; Nevus of Ota; Nevus, Pigmented; Pigmentation Disorders; Prognosis; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 8936066
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-0960.1996.tb00989.x -
BMJ Case Reports Sep 2013
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mongolian Spot; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 24014338
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-200740 -
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Mar 2023As an emerging pollutant, microplastics have attracted widespread concern around the world. Research on microplastics was first conducted in oceans, and in recent years,... (Review)
Review
As an emerging pollutant, microplastics have attracted widespread concern around the world. Research on microplastics was first conducted in oceans, and in recent years, inland water, especially lakes, has gradually become a hot spot. This paper systematically reviews the sampling, separation, purification, and identification technologies used to assess microplastics in lakes and summarizes the occurrence of lake microplastics worldwide. The results show that microplastics are widespread in lake water and sediment. There are obvious geographical differences in the occurrence of microplastics. The abundance of microplastics in different lakes varies greatly. The forms are mostly fibrous and fragments, and the main polymers are polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE). Previous papers have failed to comment in as much detail on the microplastic sampling techniques employed within lake systems. The sampling and analysis methods are critical to accurately evaluating contamination results. Due to the widespread presence of microplastics and the lack of uniform standards, there are various sampling methods. Trawls and grabs are most widely used in the sampling of lake water bodies and sediment, and sodium chloride and hydrogen peroxide are the most widely used media for flotation and digestion, respectively. In the future, it will be critical to establish unified standards for lake microplastic sampling and analysis technology, further explore the migration mechanism of microplastics in lake systems, and pay attention to the impact of microplastics on lake ecosystems.
Topics: Microplastics; Plastics; Lakes; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Geologic Sediments; Water
PubMed: 36933078
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11043-w -
The British Journal of Dermatology Jun 2003The importance of early diagnosis in infants with a mild form of Hunter's syndrome should be emphasized. If applied sufficiently early, haematopoietic stem cell...
BACKGROUND
The importance of early diagnosis in infants with a mild form of Hunter's syndrome should be emphasized. If applied sufficiently early, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or recombinant enzyme therapy may improve the prognosis. At present, however, diagnosis of the mild form of Hunter's syndrome tends to be delayed, especially in infants with relatively normal intelligence.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the occurrence of Mongolian spots in infants with Hunter's syndrome, and to clarify the relationship between the Mongolian spots and Hunter's syndrome clinically and histopathologically.
METHODS
Seven Japanese boys with Hunter's syndrome who had received HSCT at ages 4-11 years were observed. The cutaneous manifestations of Mongolian spots before HSCT were evaluated, and compared with those after HSCT. In two patients, the hyperpigmentation from the Mongolian spots was examined by light and electron microscopy.
RESULTS
Pre-HSCT observation revealed that all the patients had an extensive Mongolian spot. These were present at birth and have shown no signs of resolution during the post-HSCT period. Electron microscopic findings showed that pigment-bearing dermal melanocytes contained many free melanosomes in stage IV. These were surrounded by extracellular sheaths and encircled by elastic fibres.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate a strong clinical correlation between the extensive Mongolian spots and Hunter's syndrome. Ultrastructural findings also clearly suggest that the hyperpigmentation is a long-lasting symptom. The recognition of the extensive Mongolian spots is essential as it may lead to early diagnosis in patients with a mild form of Hunter's syndrome.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Enzyme Therapy; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Mucopolysaccharidosis II; Pigmentation Disorders; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 12828746
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05317.x -
Lasers in Medical Science Nov 2012Mongolian spots are congenital and confluent hyperpigmented areas that are usually grayish blue in color. They are found most frequently in the sacral region in infants... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Mongolian spots are congenital and confluent hyperpigmented areas that are usually grayish blue in color. They are found most frequently in the sacral region in infants and typically disappear during childhood. Occasionally, they persist to adulthood. We retrospectively examined outcomes of laser treatment of persistent Mongolian spots. We used Q-switched alexandrite laser to treat persistent Mongolian spots of 16 Japanese patients at 14 years old or older. A good therapeutic outcome was achieved overall; however, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation were observed in two patients, respectively. While laser treatment was effective for all seven patients with extrasacral Mongolian spots, four out of ten patients with sacral Mongolian spots were refractory to treatment. Of these patients, two received laser irradiation only twice and abandoned treatment, simply because of unsatisfactory results without any adverse events. The other two patients received treatments at intervals of 3 months, which resulted in postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Contrary to children, who generally show good response after two or three sessions of irradiation, we should consider more frequent irradiation, longer intervals between treatment sessions, and use of bleaching creams in the treatment of persistent sacral Mongolian spots in adults.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Hypopigmentation; Lasers, Solid-State; Middle Aged; Mongolian Spot; Retrospective Studies; Sacrococcygeal Region; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 22565344
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1113-4 -
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental... May 1950
Topics: Humans; Melanins; Mongolian Spot; Nevus; Nevus, Blue; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 14776743
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2018
Topics: Buttocks; Cafe-au-Lait Spots; Female; Humans; Infant; Mongolian Spot; Neurocutaneous Syndromes
PubMed: 29770784
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_383_17 -
The Journal of Dermatology Aug 1981
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Melanocytes; Nevus, Pigmented; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 7028830
DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1981.tb02549.x -
Archives of Dermatology Apr 1992
Topics: Adult; Humans; Lumbosacral Region; Male; Minocycline; Pigmentation Disorders
PubMed: 1580671
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Dermatology Apr 2001A Chinese baby girl was born after an uncomplicated pregnancy and a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery to a gravida 2, para 1, 32-year-old mother at 37 weeks'...
A Chinese baby girl was born after an uncomplicated pregnancy and a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery to a gravida 2, para 1, 32-year-old mother at 37 weeks' gestation. Neither parent had a history of alcohol or drug ingestion. There was no history of consanguinity. The Apgar scores were 7 at 1 min and 9 at 5 min. Her birth weight was 5 lb 14 oz and her length was 46 cm. At birth, she was noted to have grayish areas on the face and lower back. The infant was seen at 3 months of age because of persistent regurgitations. On average, she regurgitated 7-8 times a day. Physical examination showed that the infant was not in distress. Her weight was 6 lb 4 oz and length 47 cm. She had a Mongolian spot measuring 0.8 x 1.2 cm in the left temporal area (Fig. 1) and another Mongolian spot measuring 4 cm in diameter in the lumbar area. The Mongolian spots were grayish in color and the pigmentation was uniform in intensity. The rest of the examination was essentially normal. The infant was diagnosed to have Mongolian spots and gastroesophageal reflux. The latter was treated with postural therapy, thickened feedings, and metoclopramide 0.35 mg q.i.d. The infant was seen again at 4 months of age for a reassessment. There was no noticeable change in shape, size, or color of the Mongolian spots.
Topics: Female; Humans; Hypopigmentation; Infant; Skin
PubMed: 11454090
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2001.01212-4.x