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Bulletin of Experimental Biology and... Aug 2022Mycoplasma hominis is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections of the urogenital tract. A new form of M. hominis colonies (microcolonies)...
Mycoplasma hominis is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections of the urogenital tract. A new form of M. hominis colonies (microcolonies) was isolated, that differed from typical colonies by morphology, size, growth rate, and resistance to unfavorable factors, in particular, to antibiotics. The formation of microcolonies is associated with a switch in energy metabolism towards nucleoside utilization, which leads to a decrease in energy production and a transition to a persistor-like state. Typical and microcolony cultures of M. hominis H-34 were obtained and a comparative analysis of their adhesive-invasive potential, morphology, and size was carried out. It was shown that both typical and microcolonies can effectively attach and penetrate into HeLa cells. Unlike microcolonies, the morphology and size of cells in typical colonies change significantly after HeLa infection. This indicates functional changes in cells of typical colonies during infection.
Topics: Adhesives; Anti-Bacterial Agents; HeLa Cells; Humans; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Nucleosides
PubMed: 36058982
DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05582-4 -
Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma in kidney allograft recipients-A case series and review of the literature.Transplant Infectious Disease : An... Oct 2018Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis are common inhabitants of the human genital tract. Increasingly, serious and sometimes fatal infections in... (Review)
Review
Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis are common inhabitants of the human genital tract. Increasingly, serious and sometimes fatal infections in immunocompromised hosts have been reported, highlighting their pathogenic potential. We reviewed the clinical impact of positive Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma spp. urine cultures in 10 renal allograft recipients who presented with sterile leukocyturia. Five recipients remained asymptomatic. Five patients were symptomatic with dysuria or pain at the graft site. Three patients developed biopsy-proven acute graft pyelonephritis with graft dysfunction. One of these patients additionally showed a renal abscess as demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All were successfully treated. A literature search revealed a substantial number of case reports with severe and sometimes fatal Ureaplasma spp. or Mycoplasma spp. infections in immunocompromised patients. Colonization rate is high in renal transplant patients. A subset of patients is at risk for invasive disease.
Topics: Adult; Allografts; Biopsy; Female; Graft Rejection; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Urinary Tract Infections; Young Adult
PubMed: 29856498
DOI: 10.1111/tid.12937 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) can cause sterility and many other problems for women planning pregnancy. Currently, almost 340 million people worldwide suffer from...
Development of multiplex real-time quantitative PCR for simultaneous detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma genitalium in infertile women.
PURPOSE
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) can cause sterility and many other problems for women planning pregnancy. Currently, almost 340 million people worldwide suffer from Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). This study made attempts to quickly identify STDs' most critical infectious agents using dedicated primers and probes.
METHODS
The present study was done on the cervical samples of 200 infertile women. After extracting the total DNA of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma genitalium, quantitative methods were employed to determine the rate of target bacteria using multiplex real-time PCR.
RESULTS
The multiplex qPCR showed the rates of 47%, 16%, 46%, and 16.5% for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma genitalium in infertile women, respectively. In some patients, there were co-infections with two or three bacteria. The diagnostic approach used in our research could be employed as an alternative detection tool to identify the four most common STD-associated bacterial agents while detecting mixed infections.
CONCLUSIONS
Infertile women with no biological problems could have their genital tract checked using this newly designed identification technique and get proper treatment for their infections as quickly as possible.
Topics: Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma hominis; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum
PubMed: 35144833
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2022.01.011 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Apr 2018Mycoplasmas are frequently isolated from the genital tract. New molecular PCR-based methods for the detection of mycoplasmas can better define the real epidemiology of... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Prevalence of cervical colonization by Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium in childbearing age women by a commercially available multiplex real-time PCR: An Italian observational multicentre study.
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasmas are frequently isolated from the genital tract. New molecular PCR-based methods for the detection of mycoplasmas can better define the real epidemiology of these microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of mycoplasmas in a population of childbearing age women by means of PCR.
METHODS
This 21-month multicentre observational study was conducted at four Italian clinical microbiology laboratories. Women reporting symptoms of vaginitis/cervicitis, or with history of infertility, pregnancy, miscarriage or preterm birth were included. Detection of Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium was performed from cervical swabs by means of a commercially available multiplex real-time PCR.
RESULTS
a total of 1761 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The overall prevalence was: U. parvum 38.3%, U. urealyticum 9%, M. hominis 8.6% and M. genitalium 0.6%. The proportion of foreign patients positive for U. parvum was significantly higher compared to Italian patients (37% vs 30.1%, p = 0.007) and also for overall mycoplasma colonization (53.4% vs 45.8%, p = 0.011). The number of symptomatic patients positive for M. hominis was significantly higher than that of negative controls (2.9% vs 1%, p = 0.036). A significant positive trend in mycoplasma colonization was found in relation to the pregnancy week for U. urealyticum (p = 0.015), M. hominis (p = 0.044) and for overall mycoplasma colonization (p = 0.002).
CONCLUSION
multiplex RT-PCR can be a valuable tool to evaluate the real epidemiology of cervical mycoplasma colonization.
Topics: Adult; Cervix Uteri; Female; Humans; Italy; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma hominis; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Vaginal Smears; Vaginosis, Bacterial
PubMed: 28711440
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.05.004 -
Archives de Pediatrie : Organe Officiel... Apr 2005Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis colonized 20-40% of newborns and are more frequent in premature. They are responsible for localized infections such as... (Review)
Review
Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis colonized 20-40% of newborns and are more frequent in premature. They are responsible for localized infections such as pleural effusion, pneumopathy, adenopathy, abscess or systemic sepsis. An important hyperleukocytosis is often associated with pulmonary infections. Their responsibility, as pathogen agents, is questionable in some non bacterial meningitis. There is large controversy for their role as cofactor, in chronic lung disease (bronchopulmonary dysplasia) and periventricular leukomalacia, because of a too low number of newborns in prospective trials. Genital mycoplamas are resistant to beta lactamines. Macrolides have a good sensitivity, particularly josamycine, but Mycoplasma hominis is resistant to erythromycin. For systemic sepsis, fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacine have less deleterious effects than IV erythromycin.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Macrolides; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Risk Factors; Sepsis; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum
PubMed: 15893230
DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(05)80004-1 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Jan 2020Beside HPV infection, there is currently no evidence of association between head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and microbial infections. We report the case of a...
INTRODUCTION
Beside HPV infection, there is currently no evidence of association between head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and microbial infections. We report the case of a cervical squamous cell carcinoma by Mycoplasma hominis.
CASE SUMMARY
A 20-year-old woman, consulted for a swelling on the left cervical side. Clinical examination found a large fixed mass. Biological tests found no evidence of infection. Biopsies of the cervical lesion diagnosed an HPV negative squamous cell carcinoma. Microbiological tests of 16sRNA identification showed the presence of Mycoplasma hominis in the 3 specimens. The patient was treated by induction chemotherapy associated to antibiotherapy, followed by chemo-radiotherapy.
DISCUSSION
The present case suggests that oropharyngeal infection by Mycoplasma hominis might be more frequent than expected, that 16sRNA is an efficient technique to isolate this pathogen and finally that further studies are required to document its potential oncogenic role in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
Topics: Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Young Adult
PubMed: 31186167
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2019.05.020 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Aug 2022The loads of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) may impact infertility, as well as cause risk of transmission. The...
BACKGROUND
The loads of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) may impact infertility, as well as cause risk of transmission. The quality and quantity of semen demonstrate male reproductive health. This study aimed to investigate the semen quality affected by CT, MH, and UU loads.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
130 semen samples, including infertile and fertile cases, were collected and analyzed. The whole genomic DNA was extracted, and the desired genes' plasmids were constructed. The CT, MH, and UU loads were quantified by real-time PCR. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.
RESULTS
The average age of participants was 35.2 ± 6.8 years. CT, MH, and UU frequency were 9.2% vs. 3.1%, 15.4% vs. 3.1%, and 15.4 vs. 3.1% in infertile and fertile men, respectively. The mean loads of CT, MH, and UU in infertile men were 6.44 log copies/ml (range 5.31-7), 4.24 log copies/ml (range 3.37-4.7), and 6.94 log copies/ml (range 5.08-8.69) respectively, which was significantly higher than fertile men. The findings revealed a significant correlation between CT and UU loads and semen parameters, whereas the load of MH displayed significant effects just on sperm motility, morphology, and the number of leukocytes.
CONCLUSION
The absence of clinical manifestations may not indicate the quality of semen. The pathogens' loads may significantly influence the quality and properties of male reproductive health.
Topics: Adult; Chlamydia trachomatis; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Semen; Semen Analysis; Sperm Motility; Ureaplasma urealyticum
PubMed: 35820579
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105676 -
BMC Genomics Jul 2018Mycoplasma hominis is a human urogenital pathogen involved in gynaecological, neonatal and extra-genital infections. However, no versatile genetic tools are currently...
BACKGROUND
Mycoplasma hominis is a human urogenital pathogen involved in gynaecological, neonatal and extra-genital infections. However, no versatile genetic tools are currently available to study the pathogenicity of this bacterium. Targeting-Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) is a reverse-genetic method that combines point mutations induced by chemical mutagenesis with a DNA screening technique. We used ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) that introduces C-G to T-A transition mutations to generate a library of M. hominis mutants. As a proof of concept, mutagenized organisms were screened for mutations in two target genes previously associated with the mycoplasma pathogenicity, the vaa gene encoding an adhesin lipoprotein and the oppA gene encoding the main ectoATPase of the bacterium. The resulting mutants were evaluated using functional assays, an adhesion to HeLa cell assay for vaa-mutants and an ATPase activity test for oppA-mutants.
RESULTS
A 1200-clone library was generated by exposing M. hominis PG21 to 9 mg/mL EMS for 3 h. To identify mutants of interest, targeted gene fragments were amplified, heat-denatured, slowly reannealed and digested with the mismatch-specific endonuclease ENDO1. If multiple alleles were present in the PCR amplicons, these alleles formed heteroduplexes during reannealing that were specifically cleaved by ENDO1 at mismatching positions. A total of four vaa-mutants and two oppA-mutants harbouring missense mutations were obtained and fully sequenced. Zero to eight additional mutations were identified in the genomes of each mutant. The vaa-mutants were tested for adhesion to immobilized HeLa cells but their adhesion was not significantly different from the adhesion of M. hominis PG21. One of the two oppA-mutants that were tested for ATPase activity presented a higher affinity for its ATP substrate than the parental strain.
CONCLUSION
For the first time, we demonstrated that M. hominis gene-targeted mutants could be successfully obtained using this TILLING strategy. In the absence of robust genetic tools for studying M. hominis, the TILLING strategy that can target any gene of the genome could help to elucidate gene functions and to better understand the pathogenesis of this human pathogenic species.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adhesins, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Base Pair Mismatch; Carrier Proteins; Ethyl Methanesulfonate; Gene Library; Gene Targeting; HeLa Cells; Humans; Lipoproteins; Mycoplasma hominis; Point Mutation
PubMed: 29986648
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4917-1 -
European Journal of Clinical... May 2021Mycoplasma hominis is a common colonizer of the lower genitourinary tract. Although its clinical relevance for causing urogenital infections in immunocompetent...
Mycoplasma hominis is a common colonizer of the lower genitourinary tract. Although its clinical relevance for causing urogenital infections in immunocompetent individuals is controversial, this bacterium has been involved in severe invasive infections in allograft recipients. In this report, we describe two cases of M. hominis infection in two young renal transplant recipients within the first month post-transplant. Although at first no epidemiological link between the two cases had been suspected, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis showed that both isolates were identical, highly suggestive of an origin with the common organ donor.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ethylene Glycols; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Nephritis, Interstitial; Renal Insufficiency; Tissue Donors; Transplant Recipients; Whole Genome Sequencing; Young Adult
PubMed: 33367958
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-020-04116-y -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Mar 2020Mycoplasma hominis is one of the smallest free-living opportunistic human pathogens responsible for a diverse range of infections. However, knowledge regarding the...
OBJECTIVES
Mycoplasma hominis is one of the smallest free-living opportunistic human pathogens responsible for a diverse range of infections. However, knowledge regarding the genetic and pathogenic mechanisms of M. hominis is still very limited. This study aimed to investigate the genomic features of a multidrug-resistant M. hominis isolate recovered from a synovial fluid sample in China.
METHODS
Antimicrobial susceptibility of M. hominis MH-1 was determined by broth microdilution. Genomic DNA was extracted and was sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform. De novo genome assembly was performed using SPAdes, and the draft genome was annotated using the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP). Core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) analysis between M. hominis MH-1 and all 25 M. hominis strains retrieved from the NCBI GenBank database was performed using BacWGSTdb server.
RESULTS
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that M. hominis MH-1 was resistant to macrolides and fluoroquinolones. The genome size was calculated as 720 262 bp, with 608 protein-coding sequences and a G + C content of 26.8%. Several antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes, genomic islands and insertion sequences were identified in the genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains retrieved from NCBI as well as M. hominis MH-1 were not epidemiologically related. The closest relative of M. hominis MH-1 was recovered from the USA, which differed by 5898 SNPs.
CONCLUSION
This study reports the first genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant M. hominis isolate in China. These data may help to understand the genomic features and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of this pathogen.
Topics: Base Composition; China; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Fluoroquinolones; Genome Size; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Mycoplasma hominis; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Synovial Fluid; Virulence Factors; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 32006754
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.01.008