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Medical Microbiology and Immunology 1975Proteolytic activity was found in whole cells and cultural supernatants of Mycoplasma salivarium (PG20 and B isolates) and Mycoplasma orale 1 (CH 19299 and B isolates)....
Proteolytic activity was found in whole cells and cultural supernatants of Mycoplasma salivarium (PG20 and B isolates) and Mycoplasma orale 1 (CH 19299 and B isolates). Additionally, the activity was examined in cell membrane soluble fractions of PG20 and CH 19299, and detected in them. The level of the activity appeared higher in M. salivarium than M. orale 1. And some differences were found between these mycoplasmas in the affinity for substrates as a result of examination of the activity in cultural supernatants using horse serum, casein and bovine albumin as substrates. That is, PG20 had a higher affinity for horse serum proteins than casein, while CH 19299 the latter than the former, although the lowest affinity for bovine albumin was common to these two strains.
Topics: Animals; Bacteriological Techniques; Blood Proteins; Caseins; Cattle; Cell Membrane; Horses; Humans; Hydrolysis; Mouth; Mycoplasma; Proteins; Saliva; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Subcellular Fractions
PubMed: 1095905
DOI: 10.1007/BF02121754 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 1991Over a period of 4 years 200 cell cultures were analysed for the presence of mycoplasma. Cultures were established cell lines from different origins, namely monkey,...
Over a period of 4 years 200 cell cultures were analysed for the presence of mycoplasma. Cultures were established cell lines from different origins, namely monkey, mouse and human, hybrid cell cultures and primary cultures. The cultures belonged to various research and industrial laboratories located in different areas of the country. Seventy per cent of investigated cultures were found to be contaminated with mycoplasma using a DNA fluorescent stain. Fifty cultures, selected at random out of the contaminated cultures, were further investigated to identify the prevalent serotype. For that purpose immunofluorescent reactions were performed using immune sera raised against several mycoplasma strains routinely found among contaminated cultures. Forty one cultures were contaminated with a single type of mycoplasma, whereas in the remaining nine, two or even three serotypes were detected. Mycoplasma orale II contaminated 40% of single infected cultures, followed by M. hyorhinis and A. laidlawii-A (12% each), M. arginini (5%), M. orale III (8%), A. laidlawii-B (2%). We were unable to serotype the remaining positive cultures, because of the lack of a full battery of immune sera against all known serotypes. The prevalence of M. orale in mycoplasma contaminated cultures thus far tested, indicates that human handling would be the main source of infection. This situation could be modified by avoiding mouth pipetting and adopting good microbiological techniques.
Topics: Acholeplasma; Animals; Argentina; Cells, Cultured; Culture Techniques; Humans; Mycoplasma
PubMed: 1815279
DOI: No ID Found -
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental... Jun 1996The relations between K+ channel and Cl- channel currents and mycoplasma infection status were studied longitudinally in HSG cells, a human submandibular gland cell...
The relations between K+ channel and Cl- channel currents and mycoplasma infection status were studied longitudinally in HSG cells, a human submandibular gland cell line. The K+ channel currents were disrupted by the occurrence of mycoplasma infection: muscarinic activation of K+ channels and K+ channel expression as estimated by ionomycin- or hypotonically induced K+ current responses were all decreased. Similar decreases in ionomycin- and hypotonically induced responses were observed for Cl- channels, but only the latter decrease was statistically significant. Also, Cl- currents could be elicited more frequently than K+ currents (63% of cases versus 0%) in infected cells when tested by exposure to hypotonic media, indicating that mycoplasma infection affects K+ channels relatively more than Cl- channels. These changes occurred in the originally infected cells, were ameliorated when the infection was cleared with sparfloxacin, and recurred when the cells were reinfected. Such changes would be expected to result in hyposecretion of salivary fluid if they occurred in vivo.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Calcium; Cell Line; Chloride Channels; Cytosol; Electric Conductivity; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Hypotonic Solutions; Ionomycin; Mycoplasma Infections; Potassium Channels; Quinolones; Submandibular Gland
PubMed: 8842750
DOI: 10.1007/BF02722962 -
Current Microbiology Apr 2003In a previous study, using a primer set designed from Mycoplasma fermentans, we amplified a PCR fragment from Mycoplasma orale similar to the 206-bp DNA fragment... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
In a previous study, using a primer set designed from Mycoplasma fermentans, we amplified a PCR fragment from Mycoplasma orale similar to the 206-bp DNA fragment amplified from M. fermentans insertion-sequence-like element (ISLE). The presence of this similar ISLE fragment has the potential to cause confusion in the PCR diagnosis of M. fermentans and M. orale, which have significantly different clinical scenarios. An ISLE from three different M. orale strains was amplified by using a primer set designed from sequence within the left and right terminal stem and loop (S&L) structures flanking the ISLE of M. fermentans. Sequence analysis showed that the M. orale ISLE is 93% identical to that of M. fermentans at the nucleotide level and codes for two open reading frames also found in the M. fermentans ISLE. This is the first finding that two different mycoplasma species harbor highly homologous IS elements. This finding has great significance in clinical diagnosis and suggests a possibility of horizontal transfer of an IS element between two different mycoplasma species.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; DNA Transposable Elements; Molecular Sequence Data; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma fermentans; Open Reading Frames; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
PubMed: 12732982
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-002-3848-9 -
Microbiology and Immunology 1990Mycoplasma salivarium ATCC 23064 and 24 other oral strains, and Mycoplasma orale ATCC 15539 and 22 other oral strains were examined quantitatively for attachment to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Mycoplasma salivarium ATCC 23064 and 24 other oral strains, and Mycoplasma orale ATCC 15539 and 22 other oral strains were examined quantitatively for attachment to glass surfaces by using ELISA method. Although all of the tested strains attached to glass surfaces, M. salivarium attached far more readily than M. orale. The results suggested that electrostatic bonds were involved in the attachment and that bivalent metal ions also played a role.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Glass; Humans; Metals; Mycobacterium; Saliva; Tooth
PubMed: 2077367
DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1990.tb01060.x -
Journal of Bacteriology Aug 1965Somerson, Norman L. (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.), and M. K. Cook. Suppression of Rous sarcoma virus growth in tissue cultures...
Somerson, Norman L. (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.), and M. K. Cook. Suppression of Rous sarcoma virus growth in tissue cultures by Mycoplasma orale. J. Bacteriol. 90:534-540. 1965.-An agent which produced cell destruction in human diploid and chick-embryo fibroblasts was isolated from WI-26 strain of human diploid fibroblasts and shown to be a mycoplasma. The multiplication of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and Rous associated virus (RAV) was inhibited in WI-26, WI-38, and chick-embryo fibroblasts infected with this mycoplasma. The mycoplasma isolate, designated strain 941, reacted strongly in the complement-fixation test with antiserum to Mycoplasma orale CH19299, an isolate obtained from the human oral cavity. The cytopathic effect of mycoplasma strain 941 could be eliminated by growing the mycoplasma on an artificial agar medium before inoculation into chick-embryo fibroblasts. Serial passage in chick-embryo fibroblasts restored the cytopathogenicity of the agar-grown mycoplasma. However, growth of RSV and RAV was inhibited by both the tissue culture-grown and the agar-grown 941 strain, and also by the CH19299 strain which did not produce any cytopathic effect.
Topics: Agar; Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Avian Sarcoma Viruses; Chick Embryo; Complement Fixation Tests; Culture Media; Fibroblasts; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma orale; Research; Rous sarcoma virus; Tissue Culture Techniques; Virus Cultivation
PubMed: 14329470
DOI: 10.1128/jb.90.2.534-540.1965 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Sep 1976The morphology of viable Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma orale types 1 and 2, and Mycoplasma salivarium was studied in broth cultures by... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The morphology of viable Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma orale types 1 and 2, and Mycoplasma salivarium was studied in broth cultures by interference microscopy and in thin sections by electron microscopy. Only spherical cells were seen by interference microscopy. M. hominis had a capsule-like outer layer. Except for M. orale type 1, mycoplasmas in thin sections were 0.3-1 mum in diameter, with a bounding trilaminar membrane 7.5-10 nm thick. The mycoplasmas contained DNA fibrils and randomly distributed ribosomes. No polyribosomes were seen. Dividing mycoplasmas elongated slightly; the membrane invaginated, forming one bud. Sometimes M. hominis and M. salivarium produced one bud by elongation, and the bud was attached by a tube. This method of division is not considered as characteristic but rather as due to centrifugal force separating unfixed cells during preparation for electron microscopy. Cross-septa were never observed. In thin sections M. orale type 1 was elongated and without buds, an observation which suggested that preparation for electron microscopy distorted the mycoplasmas.
Topics: Cell Division; Cell Membrane; DNA, Bacterial; Mycoplasma; Ribosomes
PubMed: 977994
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/134.3.224 -
American Journal of Hygiene Jul 1964
Topics: Child; Classification; Complement Fixation Tests; Culture Media; Face; Gastrointestinal Tract; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; Humans; Microbiology; Mouth; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasmatales; Pharynx; Precipitin Tests
PubMed: 14192765
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120454 -
Disseminated Mycoplasma orale infection in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency syndrome.Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Oct 2002Human infection with Mycoplasma species other than M. pneumoniae are infrequent, but may be encountered in patients with immunodeficiencies. We report a patient with...
Human infection with Mycoplasma species other than M. pneumoniae are infrequent, but may be encountered in patients with immunodeficiencies. We report a patient with combined variable immunodeficiency that developed multiple abscesses and destructive bone disease caused by M. orale, an organism generally considered to be non-pathogenic. Molecular laboratory methods, 16S rRNA sequence analysis, were used to detect the organism directly in the surgical specimen and confirmed following isolating of the organism. This case demonstrates the importance of molecular technology in the diagnosis of difficult infectious disease problems.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Bacteremia; Common Variable Immunodeficiency; Doxycycline; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mycoplasma; Mycoplasma Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 12458129
DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(02)00429-7 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2019Mycoplasma contamination detrimentally affects cellular functions and the growth of intracellular pathogens in cell cultures. Although several mycoplasmacidal agents are...
Mycoplasma contamination detrimentally affects cellular functions and the growth of intracellular pathogens in cell cultures. Although several mycoplasmacidal agents are commercially available for sterile cell cultures, they are not applicable to rickettsia-infected cells. In our attempt to find an anti-mycoplasma drug for contaminated rickettsial cultures, we determined the susceptibilities of three common species to daptomycin. and showed low-level resistance to daptomycin (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC = 2 mg/L), whereas was high-level resistant (MIC = 32 mg/L). However, some isolates developed higher resistance to daptomycin after failed treatments with inadequate doses or durations. An aminoglycoside (gentamicin) was still active against and could be used in cultures. For complete eradication of mycoplasmas in cultures, we recommend a 3-week treatment with daptomycin at 256 mg/L. In contaminated cultures, daptomycin at 32 mg/L was effective in eradicating , whereas either gentamicin or amikacin (100 mg/L) was effective in eradicating . Unlike each drug alone, the combinations of daptomycin plus clindamycin and/or quinupristin/dalfopristin proved effective in eradicating . In summary, our study demonstrated the in vitro anti-mycoplasma activity of daptomycin and its application as a new mycoplasma decontamination method for and cultures.
PubMed: 31438510
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030123