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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023G.L. Barron is a recognized fungal species capable of forming ericoid mycorrhiza with various positive effects on host plants; therefore, newly found and previously...
G.L. Barron is a recognized fungal species capable of forming ericoid mycorrhiza with various positive effects on host plants; therefore, newly found and previously uncharacterized strains may be valuable for heather plants' controlled mycorrhization. Characteristics of the F3860 strain were studied, i.e., mycelium growth on various nutrient media and the ability to secrete auxins and enzymes. F3860 grew rapidly on malt extract agar and potato dextrose agar. It was also able to grow on nutrient media suitable for heather plant cultivation. The presence of the flavonoids rutin and quercetin increased the mycelium growth rate compared to the control, starting from the 8th to the 13th days of cultivation. The ability to secrete auxins was confirmed with bioassay and thin-layer chromatography, and their content, as well as phytase activity, was estimated spectrophotometrically. Both in nutrient media with tryptophan and without it, F3860 secreted about 6 μg IAA/mL growth medium. F3860 possessed extracellular phytase, protease, and phenol oxidase activities. The investigation indicates F3860's promise for heather seedling inoculation as an approach to increase their fitness.
PubMed: 37504716
DOI: 10.3390/jof9070728 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Blueberry roots are inefficient in taking up water and nutrients, a fact partially related to their scarcity of root hairs, but they improve nutrient uptake by...
Blueberry roots are inefficient in taking up water and nutrients, a fact partially related to their scarcity of root hairs, but they improve nutrient uptake by associating with ericoid mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi. However, the benefits of this association are both cultivar- and fungus-dependent. Our objective was to assess the effect of inoculation with three native fungal strains ( A, BP, and BC) on plantlet growth, plantlet survival, and nitrogen (N) absorption of the southern highbush blueberry (SHB) cultivars Biloxi and Misty. The fungal strains were inoculated into the peat-based substrate for growing blueberry cultivars, and plantlets produced by micropropagation were transplanted and grown for four months. The three inoculated strains positively affected the survival percentage in at least one of the cultivars tested, whereas BP positively affected plant biomass, N derived from fertilizer absorption, N content, and plant N recovery (%) in both Biloxi and Misty. Our results show that the BP strain may prove useful as a bio-inoculant to improve blueberry production during the nursery stage.
PubMed: 36840140
DOI: 10.3390/plants12040792 -
Bioscience, Biotechnology, and... Dec 2022The nitrogen rule in mass spectrometry was used to search for new nitrogen-compounds from microbial metabolites. During this program, two new nitrogen-containing...
The nitrogen rule in mass spectrometry was used to search for new nitrogen-compounds from microbial metabolites. During this program, two new nitrogen-containing compounds, penicidones E and F, were discovered from the filamentous fungal strain FKI-7498, which was isolated from soil collected in Tokushima, Japan, and identified as Oidiodendron sp. by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region, including 5.8S ribosomal RNA. The structures of penicidones E and F were determined by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and chemical modification analyses. These analyses revealed that penicidones E and F have a core structure of 3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-pyridone-3-carbonyl)benzoic acid. Penicidone E exhibited hydroxyl radical scavenging activity.
Topics: Nitrogen Compounds; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Ascomycota; Mass Spectrometry; Nitrogen; DNA, Fungal
PubMed: 36396341
DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac184 -
Marine Drugs Apr 2017Four bioactive compounds have been isolated from the fungus UBOCC-A-114129 cultivated from deep subsurface sediment. They were structurally characterized using a...
Four bioactive compounds have been isolated from the fungus UBOCC-A-114129 cultivated from deep subsurface sediment. They were structurally characterized using a combination of LC-MS/MS and NMR analyses as fuscin and its derivatives (dihydrofuscin, dihydrosecofuscin, and secofuscin) and identified as polyketides. Albeit those compounds were already obtained from terrestrial fungi, this is the first report of their production by an species and by the deepest subseafloor isolate ever studied for biological activities. We report a weak antibacterial activity of dihydrosecofuscin and secofuscin mainly directed against Gram-positive bacteria (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) equal to Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), in the range of 100 μg/mL). The activity on various protein kinases was also analyzed and revealed a significant inhibition of CDC2-like kinase-1 (CLK1) by dihysecofuscin.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascomycota; Benzopyrans; Biological Factors; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polyketides; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 28387732
DOI: 10.3390/md15040111 -
Journal of Natural Products Feb 2020White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a devastating disease of hibernating bats caused by the fungus . We obtained 383 fungal and bacterial isolates from the Soudan Iron Mine, an...
White-nose syndrome (WNS) is a devastating disease of hibernating bats caused by the fungus . We obtained 383 fungal and bacterial isolates from the Soudan Iron Mine, an important bat hibernaculum in Minnesota, then screened this library for antifungal activity to develop biological control treatments for WNS. An extract from the fungus was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation, which led to the isolation of 14 norditerpene and three anthraquinone metabolites. Ten of these compounds were previously described in the literature, and here we present the structures of seven new norditerpene analogues. Additionally, this is the first report of 4-chlorophyscion from a natural source, previously identified as a semisynthetic product. The compounds PR 1388 and LL-Z1271α were the only inhibitors of (MIC = 7.5 and 15 μg/mL, respectively). Compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against fibroblast cell cultures obtained from (northern long eared bat) and (gray bat) using a standard MTT viability assay. The most active antifungal compound, PR 1388, was nontoxic toward cells from both bat species (IC > 100 μM). We discuss the implications of these results in the context of the challenges and logistics of developing a substrate treatment or prophylactic for WNS.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Ascomycota; Chiroptera; Diterpenes; Hibernation; Minnesota
PubMed: 31986046
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00789 -
Journal of Natural Products May 2012Two new epipolythiodioxopiperazines, named chetracins B and C (1 and 2), and five new diketopiperazines, named chetracin D (4) and oidioperazines A-D (5, 10, 12, and...
Two new epipolythiodioxopiperazines, named chetracins B and C (1 and 2), and five new diketopiperazines, named chetracin D (4) and oidioperazines A-D (5, 10, 12, and 13), were isolated from the fungus Oidiodendron truncatum GW3-13, along with six known compounds (3, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 11). Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR, MS, and CD analyses, as well as chemical transformation. An in vitro MTT cytotoxicity assay revealed potent biological activity for 1 in the nanomolar range against a panel of five human cancer lines.
Topics: Antarctic Regions; Antineoplastic Agents; Ascomycota; Diketopiperazines; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Molecular Structure
PubMed: 22583079
DOI: 10.1021/np3000443 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2016A new mycorrhizal fungal strain was isolated from hair roots of Rhododendron fortunei Lindl. grown in Huading Forest Park, Zhejiang Province, China. Morphological...
A new mycorrhizal fungal strain was isolated from hair roots of Rhododendron fortunei Lindl. grown in Huading Forest Park, Zhejiang Province, China. Morphological characterization and internal transcribed spacer rDNA analysis suggested that it belongs to Oidiodendron maius Barron, and we designated it as strain Om19. Methods for culturing Om19 were established, and the ability of Om19 to form mycorrhizae on R. fortunei was evaluated in a peat-based substrate. Microscopic observations showed hyaline hyphae on the surface of hair roots and crowded hyphal complexes (hyphal coils) inside root cortical cells of R. fortunei after inoculation, indicating that the roots were well colonized by Om19. In a second experiment, fresh and dry weight of R. fortunei 2 months after Om19 inoculation were greater than uninoculated plants, and the total nitrogen absorbed by plants inoculated with Om19 was greater than the uninoculated controls. qRT-PCR analysis of five genes related to N uptake and metabolism (two nitrate transporters, an ammonium transporter, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase) showed that these genes were highly upregulated with twofold to ninefold greater expression in plants inoculated with Om19 compared to uninoculated plants. In the third experiment, Om19 was inoculated into the peat-based substrate for growing Formosa azalea (Rhododendron indica 'Formosa'). 'Formosa' azalea plants grown in the inoculated substrate had larger canopies and root systems compared to uninoculated plants. Our results show that Om19 could be an important microbial tool for improving production of Rhododendron plants.
PubMed: 27602030
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01327 -
The New Phytologist Mar 2001• Nuclear ribosomal sequence analysis was performed to investigate delimitation of common Oidiodendron species comprising endomycorrhizal symbionts and close...
• Nuclear ribosomal sequence analysis was performed to investigate delimitation of common Oidiodendron species comprising endomycorrhizal symbionts and close associates of ectomycorrhizal plants. • Neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses were used to compare 35 ribosomal DNA (internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 5.8S) sequences (including sequences available in databases) from 15 putative species. • Oidiodendron citrinum formed a monophyletic group nested within O. maius, whereas O. tenuissimum and O. griseum did not appear either as distinct groups or as a single complex. Pairwise nucleotide divergence values between O. citrinum and O. maius were very low and comparable to intraspecific values obtained for both species; values for O. griseum and O. tenuissimum, although higher, overlapped those observed at the intraspecific level for the two species. • Molecular data indicate that O. maius and O. citrinum, which were described as distinct, though related species, could be moved to a subspecific level; however, the delimitation of O. griseum and O. tenuissimum is still open to question. Taxonomic rank assignment to groups determined from sequence data analysis is discussed.
PubMed: 33873341
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00058.x -
FEMS Microbiology Letters Apr 2009The sequence encoding a superoxide dismutase (SOD) was isolated from the cDNA library of a zinc-tolerant strain of the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius,...
The sequence encoding a superoxide dismutase (SOD) was isolated from the cDNA library of a zinc-tolerant strain of the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius, grown under zinc-stress conditions. Sequence homology to other SODs strongly suggests that it is a copper- and zinc-containing SOD. Functional complementation assays showed that the gene confers increased tolerance to zinc and copper stress to a Cu,ZnSOD-defective yeast mutant. Monitoring of transcript and protein levels following zinc stress suggests that OmSOD1 expression is controlled at the transcriptional level. The OmSod1 protein was found both in the cell extract and in the growth medium of viable fungal cultures. This is the first characterization of an extracellular Cu,ZnSOD in a mycorrhizal fungus. In nature, the presence of OmSod1 in the extracellular environment may also extend the protective role of this enzyme to the plant symbiont. This may be of particular interest from the perspective of using mycorrhizal fungi in bioremediation programmes.
Topics: Ascomycota; Copper; Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Heat-Shock Response; Metals, Heavy; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Mycorrhizae; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Superoxide Dismutase; Transcription, Genetic; Vaccinium; Zinc
PubMed: 19278525
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01503.x -
Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions :... Nov 2009The genome sequences of mycorrhizal fungi will provide new opportunities for studying the biology and the evolution underlying this symbiotic lifestyle. The generation...
The genome sequences of mycorrhizal fungi will provide new opportunities for studying the biology and the evolution underlying this symbiotic lifestyle. The generation of null mutants at the wild-type loci is one of the best methods for gene-function assignment in the post-genomic era. To our knowledge, the generation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-null mutants in the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius is the first example of a gene-targeted disruption via homologous recombination in a mycorrhizal fungus. The disruption of OmSOD1 by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation resulted in the presence of oxidative stress markers, even in the absence of external superimposed stresses, and an increased sensitivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating substances, especially to menadione. A reduction in conidiation and in the percentage of mycorrhization of Vaccinium myrtillus roots was also observed. The latter findings establish the pivotal role of SOD1 as an important factor in the relationship between O. maius and its symbiotic partner. The lack of this ROS-scavenger may cause an imbalance in the redox homeostasis during host colonization and an alteration in the delicate dialogue between the fungus and its host plant.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Mutation; Mycorrhizae; Oxidative Stress; Plant Root Nodulation; Plant Roots; Spores, Fungal; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase-1; Vaccinium myrtillus
PubMed: 19810810
DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-22-11-1412