-
PET Clinics Apr 2022Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) plays an important role in the staging, treatment planning, treatment response assessment,... (Review)
Review
Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) plays an important role in the staging, treatment planning, treatment response assessment, detecting recurrent disease, and predicting prognosis in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. PET/CT has advantage especially in the detection of nodal, distant metastatic disease and second primary malignancy. PET/MR provides superior soft tissue contrast while decreasing radiation exposure, which is advantageous in evaluation of the primary tumor.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Mouth; Neoplasm Staging; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 35256303
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2021.12.005 -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Aug 2023Oral cavity reconstruction using local flaps is an area of head and neck surgery that has been overshadowed since the introduction of free flaps. Here, we discuss new... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Oral cavity reconstruction using local flaps is an area of head and neck surgery that has been overshadowed since the introduction of free flaps. Here, we discuss new developments, predominantly modifications to existing techniques for intraoral reconstruction, the utility of different local flaps and a review of functional outcomes.
RECENT FINDINGS
The facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap has seen the greatest number of modifications to technique, most notably the extended double-pedicled, kite-shaped tunnelized and osseous myomucosal approaches. The tunnelled buccal fat pad flap has gained popularity as well as the use of combining two flaps such as the buccal fat pad and palatal island flap to reconstruct oral cavity defects with good effect. There is still a paucity of literature surrounding functional outcomes post reconstruction. Despite this, the complication rate for local flaps remains low.
SUMMARY
The value of intraoral flaps for oral cavity reconstruction is undisputed. However, they are potentially underutilised in the modern era of expanding availability and indications for free tissue transfer. As many practices see greater numbers of aging patients, often with multisystem comorbidities, local flaps are an important tool that can provide the surgeon with a greater number of reconstructive options.
Topics: Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Mouth; Free Tissue Flaps
PubMed: 36942833
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000884 -
Journal of Immunoassay & Immunochemistry 2019The oral mucosa protects the host against invading antigens and pathogenic microorganisms and contains an elaborate immune system and remains in a relative state of... (Review)
Review
The oral mucosa protects the host against invading antigens and pathogenic microorganisms and contains an elaborate immune system and remains in a relative state of health despite the heavy antigen load. The oral barrier is exposed to unique and diverse communities of commensal microbial communities that are known to play immune-stimulatory roles in oral inflammatory diseases. Saliva is secreted from the salivary glands and has multiple functions, including mouth cleaning and protection, antibacterial effects, and digestion. The major protective function of salivary secretions in the oral cavity is through immunological and non-immunological means as well as direct antimicrobial activity. A biomarker is an objectively measured and evaluated indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to therapeutic intervention. With the rapid advancement in salivaomics, saliva is well recognized as a pool of biological markers. Saliva biomarkers include the changes in the biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA and proteins, and the microbial biofilm. There are numerous defense and protective proteins present in the saliva that are involved in oral homeostasis, immunity, and tolerance. This review article attempts to categorize and analyze the various biomolecules and biomarkers in the oral cavity that may be important in pathophysiology.
Topics: Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biomarkers; DNA; Humans; Mouth; Proteins; RNA
PubMed: 30497330
DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1550423 -
Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology 2001Cross-sectional imaging has become an essential element in the evaluation of disease processes involving the oral cavity and oropharynx. This article is an overview of... (Review)
Review
Cross-sectional imaging has become an essential element in the evaluation of disease processes involving the oral cavity and oropharynx. This article is an overview of the anatomy and typical pathology of the these areas. The radiologist, working in conjunction with the physical examination and the clinical evaluation of a careful head and neck surgeon, can provide information that is critical to the treatment of patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal disease.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Mouth; Mouth Diseases; Oropharynx; Pharyngeal Diseases
PubMed: 11300548
DOI: 10.1067/mdr.2001.113657 -
Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016Gastrophysics is the science that pertains to the physical and physico-chemical description of the empirical world of gastronomy, with focus on sensory perception in the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Gastrophysics is the science that pertains to the physical and physico-chemical description of the empirical world of gastronomy, with focus on sensory perception in the oral cavity and how it is related to the materials properties of food and cooking processes. Flavor (taste and smell), mouthfeel, chemesthesis, and astringency are all related to the chemical properties and the texture of the food and how the food is transformed in the oral cavity.
METHODS
The present topical review will primarily focus attention on the somatosensory perception of food (mouthfeel or texture) and how it interacts with basic tastes (sour, bitter, sweet, salty, and umami) and chemesthetic action.
RESULTS
Issues regarding diet, nutrition, and health will be put into an evolutionary perspective, and some mention will be made of umami and its importance for (oral) health.
Topics: Humans; Mouth; Taste
PubMed: 26891805
DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160219120940 -
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &... Oct 2018The treatment of oral cavity cancer may impair speech and swallowing function. Optimizing posttreatment function may lead to significant improvement of quality of life. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The treatment of oral cavity cancer may impair speech and swallowing function. Optimizing posttreatment function may lead to significant improvement of quality of life.
RECENT FINDINGS
Although oncologic control remains the main goal of treatment for oral cavity cancer, posttreatment function for surviving patients has over the last decades been recognized as an important secondary outcome. Reconstruction of oral cavity defects range from primary closure to advanced microvascular reconstruction, including multiple tissue types. Free flap reconstruction has greatly enhanced the ability to tailor transferred tissue to specific defects. In this review, we describe recent findings in reconstruction of tongue defects, including data from perforator flaps. We also summarize recent evidence regarding reinnervated flaps.
SUMMARY
When vascularized tissue is needed, it remains unclear how the reconstructive choice impacts postoperative outcome, although in many situations it appears to be dominated by the donor site morbidity rather than the reconstructive technique. Despite numerous case series, the functional impact of motor and sensory reinnervation in vascularized tissue remains unknown. Although perforator flaps have emerged as a promising flap option, with favorable donor site morbidity, their ultimate impact on functional outcomes remains unclear, whereas the success rate appears to be lower than traditional flaps.
Topics: Free Tissue Flaps; Humans; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Recovery of Function
PubMed: 30024418
DOI: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000474 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Sep 2022
-
Archives of Oral Biology Dec 2018Ageing is a physiological process that affects virtually all systems of the human body. Age-associated changes in the oral cavity reflect changes in the composition of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Ageing is a physiological process that affects virtually all systems of the human body. Age-associated changes in the oral cavity reflect changes in the composition of its microbial inhabitants, which can be compatible with health or form dysbiotic communities that favor the establishment of disease. This paper focuses on discussing such age-driven changes of the oral microbiome, as well as their association with common oral infectious diseases, including dental caries, periodontitis, peri-implantitis and oral candidiasis.
DESIGN
This is a comprehensive narrative review of the literature.
RESULTS
The oropharyngeal microbiome of elderly individuals may foster a number of microorganisms such as enterobacteria, pseudomonads, staphylococci and yeasts that can become opportunistic pathogens in elderly individuals with weakened immunity or deteriorated general health. No considerable microbiological variations are noted with regards to common oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontitis, between younger and elderly populations, whereas an increase in the prevalence of oral actinomycetes is noted by ageing.
CONCLUSIONS
Whether naturally occurring or driven by underlying disease, the ecology of oral cavity is dynamically modified over time, eliciting changes in the composition of the resident oral microbiome.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Humans; Mouth; Mouth Diseases; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30308473
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.001 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Dec 2020All soft and solid surface structures in the oral cavity are covered by the acquired pellicle followed by bacterial colonization. This applies for natural structures as... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
All soft and solid surface structures in the oral cavity are covered by the acquired pellicle followed by bacterial colonization. This applies for natural structures as well as for restorative or prosthetic materials; the adherent bacterial biofilm is associated among others with the development of caries, periodontal diseases, peri-implantitis, or denture-associated stomatitis. Accordingly, there is a considerable demand for novel materials and coatings that limit and modulate bacterial attachment and/or propagation of microorganisms.
OBJECTIVES AND FINDINGS
The present paper depicts the current knowledge on the impact of different physicochemical surface characteristics on bioadsorption in the oral cavity. Furthermore, it was carved out which strategies were developed in dental research and general surface science to inhibit bacterial colonization and to delay biofilm formation by low-fouling or "easy-to-clean" surfaces. These include the modulation of physicochemical properties such as periodic topographies, roughness, surface free energy, or hardness. In recent years, a large emphasis was laid on micro- and nanostructured surfaces and on liquid repellent superhydrophic as well as superhydrophilic interfaces. Materials incorporating mobile or bound nanoparticles promoting bacteriostatic or bacteriotoxic properties were also used. Recently, chemically textured interfaces gained increasing interest and could represent promising solutions for innovative antibioadhesion interfaces. Due to the unique conditions in the oral cavity, mainly in vivo or in situ studies were considered in the review.
CONCLUSION
Despite many promising approaches for modulation of biofilm formation in the oral cavity, the ubiquitous phenomenon of bioadsorption and adhesion pellicle formation in the challenging oral milieu masks surface properties and therewith hampers low-fouling strategies.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Improved dental materials and surface coatings with easy-to-clean properties have the potential to improve oral health, but extensive and systematic research is required in this field to develop biocompatible and effective substances.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Dental Pellicle; Mouth; Surface Properties
PubMed: 33111157
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03646-1 -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Aug 2017Objective To review state-of-the-art modifications and advances in soft tissue local and regional flap reconstruction of the oral cavity and to determine the role these... (Review)
Review
Objective To review state-of-the-art modifications and advances in soft tissue local and regional flap reconstruction of the oral cavity and to determine the role these techniques play in current practice. Data Sources Review of the literature regarding oral cavity reconstruction. Review Methods The authors describe advances in locoregional reconstructive options and assimilate data from the literature that compare recent advances to the historic standards. Conclusions Modern advances in regional reconstruction of the oral cavity offer outstanding results and demonstrate potential advance over free tissue transfer. These modifications demonstrate the prominent role that regional reconstruction can play in oral cavity reconstruction. Implications for Practice With a more complete understanding of these options, the surgeon is better able to tailor the reconstruction to the needs of the patient to provide high-quality cost-effective care.
Topics: Humans; Mouth; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 28418783
DOI: 10.1177/0194599817700582