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Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine :... Jun 2020Contraception is needed to prevent overpopulation and inbreeding in highly fecund captive bat colonies. Reports on surgical contraception in bats are limited. The...
Contraception is needed to prevent overpopulation and inbreeding in highly fecund captive bat colonies. Reports on surgical contraception in bats are limited. The objective of this study was to describe surgical castration techniques in a megachiropteran and a microchiropteran fruit bat species. Open orchiectomy by transfixing ligation of the spermatic cord was performed in 14 Ruwenzori long-haired fruit bats () (RL-LIG), and orchiectomy with radiosurgery alone was performed in 125 Jamaican fruit-eating bats () (AJ-RS) and one Ruwenzori bat (RL-RS). The surgical techniques were not compared in different species with the exception of the one Ruwenzori bat operated with RS. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen via facemask. Preoperatively, all bats received butorphanol and subcutaneous fluids. Meloxicam was administered postoperatively for the RL-LIG. For the RL-LIG, anesthesia lasted 49 ± 15 min (mean ± SD) with a total surgery time of 26 ± 12 min. In comparison, the RS was considerably shorter, lasting 10 ± 3 min for anesthesia and 5 ± 2 min for surgery. Complications were rare, with a morbidity rate of 6.7% with the RL-LIG (prolonged recovery [ = 1]) and of 4.8% with the RS (dyspnea [ = 3], hemorrhage [ = 2], and prolonged recovery [ = 1]). One of the cases of hemorrhage was in the single Ruwenzori bat castrated using the RS technique. Mortality rate was 1.6% ( = 2) with the RS. No mortality occurred with the RL-LIG. In conclusion, using radiosurgery alone appears to be a safe and rapid surgical technique in smaller species of fruit bats. For larger species, such as the Ruwenzori fruit bats, ligation or use of an advanced vessel sealing system is recommended.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Zoo; Chiroptera; Male; Orchiectomy; Quebec
PubMed: 32549558
DOI: 10.1638/2019-0171 -
The Journal of Urology May 1992We present a case of a 38-year-old man with a unilateral intra-abdominal testicle and undesired fertility in whom orchiectomy and contralateral vasectomy were performed... (Review)
Review
We present a case of a 38-year-old man with a unilateral intra-abdominal testicle and undesired fertility in whom orchiectomy and contralateral vasectomy were performed laparoscopically. Urologists have been using diagnostic laparoscopy in patients with nonpalpable testes to plan the definitive procedure when the testicle is present, and to avoid laparotomy in cases of testicular absence. This case of laparoscopic orchiectomy and vasectomy demonstrates that operative laparoscopy allows another subset of patients with cryptorchidism to avoid open laparotomy.
Topics: Adult; Cryptorchidism; Humans; Laparoscopy; Male; Orchiectomy; Vasectomy
PubMed: 1349045
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37573-0 -
Topics in Companion Animal Medicine Aug 2020A 6-month-old neutered male redbone coonhound was presented for a 2-day history of progressive subcutaneous swelling that began immediately following a routine...
A 6-month-old neutered male redbone coonhound was presented for a 2-day history of progressive subcutaneous swelling that began immediately following a routine prescrotal orchiectomy. Severe, fluctuant swelling and bruising of the ventral thorax, abdomen, scrotum, and right pelvic limb was apparent on examination. No evidence of an underlying coagulopathy was detected. Azotemia and hyperkalemia were noted on venous blood gas analysis. Analysis of the serosanguineous fluid obtained from the fluctuant swelling revealed a BUN, creatinine, and potassium that were severely elevated and consistent with urine extravasation. A retrograde contrast urethrogram was performed and revealed leakage of contrast at the level of the prescrotal urethra. The dog was taken to surgery and a 2-cm longitudinal urethral defect was noted at the level of the prescrotal incision. A scrotal ablation and urethrostomy was performed, and the dog recovered uneventfully. This case highlights the diagnostic workup of a case of subcutaneous urine extravasation secondary to a urethral laceration sustained during a routine prescrotal orchiectomy. Iatrogenic urethral trauma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs presenting for subcutaneous swelling with a history of recent orchiectomy surgery.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Iatrogenic Disease; Male; Orchiectomy; Scrotum; Urethra; Urography
PubMed: 32690280
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100435 -
Journal of Bioethical Inquiry Mar 2012Chemical castration laws, such as one recently adopted in the U.S. State of Louisiana, raise challenging ethical concerns for physicians. Even if such interventions were...
Chemical castration laws, such as one recently adopted in the U.S. State of Louisiana, raise challenging ethical concerns for physicians. Even if such interventions were to prove efficacious, which is far from certain, they would still raise troubling concerns regarding the degree of medical risk that may be imposed upon prisoners in the name of public safety as well as the appropriate role for physicians and other health care professionals in the administration of pharmaceuticals to competent prisoners over the inmates' unequivocal objections. This paper argues that the concerns raised by chemical castration are grave enough that, until they are adequately addressed by policymakers, physicians ought not to participate in the process.
Topics: Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Humans; Louisiana; Male; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; Orchiectomy; Prisoners; Sex Offenses
PubMed: 23180204
DOI: 10.1007/s11673-011-9341-z -
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Apr 2023In most animals, pain can compromise physiological functions and delay healing so, rapid detection of pain through behavior and inflammatory reaction with biomarkers are...
In most animals, pain can compromise physiological functions and delay healing so, rapid detection of pain through behavior and inflammatory reaction with biomarkers are necessary. This study aimed to evaluate pain, physiological variations and Acute Phase Proteins (APP) in donkeys undergoing orchiectomy technique by inguinal access. For this research, 15 male northeastern donkeys kept in extensive management were selected, with a mean age of 4.5±3.1 years. All animals had the same anesthetic protocol, using dissociative anesthesia and local block with lidocaine, followed by orchiectomy by inguinal access. Due to their predisposition to complications, the inguinal technique is the most indicated to minimize complications and excessive inflammation in donkeys' orchiectomy, the donkeys were evaluated regarding behavioral assessment of pain, hematological parameters, APP and the surgical wound, during 0 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. As for the physiological parameters and APP, no significant differences were observed between times, due to the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. In the macroscopic evaluation of the surgical wound, it was observed that there were no significant differences between the times, with animals presenting mean scores of 1.8±0.414, in 48 hours 1.6 ± 0.507, and in 72 hours 1.6 ± 0.507. Most animals had mild to moderate edema in the scrotum and foreskin regions. As for pain assessment, the average scores were between 2 and 3, representing mild and moderate pain, not requiring intervention. However, further research is needed to elucidate the behavior of PFAs in the face of variables and the creation of new pain scales for animals raised in an extensive system.
Topics: Male; Animals; Orchiectomy; Acute-Phase Reaction; Pain Measurement; Equidae; Surgical Wound; Pain
PubMed: 36632948
DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104223 -
The Veterinary Record May 2013Coelioscopic orchiectomy was performed in 27 male turtles (25 juvenile to adult red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans), one adult eastern painted turtle (Chrysems...
Coelioscopic orchiectomy was performed in 27 male turtles (25 juvenile to adult red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans), one adult eastern painted turtle (Chrysems picta picta), and one juvenile male yellow-spotted Amazon River turtle (Podocnemis unifilis)). Orchiectomy was conducted under coelioscopic visualisation using ligation and transection of the mesorchium, or transection of the mesorchium with monopolar radiosurgical scissors. In 22 cases, bilateral orchiectomy was performed through a single incision; five turtles required bilateral incisions. All turtles recovered from anaesthesia. Nine turtles died within one year of surgery from conditions believed to be unrelated to surgery. One turtle was lost to follow-up. Seventeen turtles remain clinically healthy one to three years postoperatively. Coelioscopic orchiectomy provides a minimally invasive method for sterilisation of male chelonians and provides excellent visualisation during surgery. This technique is a useful model for the development of additional minimally invasive surgical techniques for chelonians.
Topics: Animals; Laparoscopy; Male; Orchiectomy; Postoperative Complications; Treatment Outcome; Turtles
PubMed: 23559425
DOI: 10.1136/vr.101475 -
Cancer May 2008
Topics: Drug Utilization; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Health Care Costs; Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 18386828
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23417 -
Nursing Times
Topics: Adult; Dysgerminoma; Family; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Orchiectomy; Testicular Neoplasms
PubMed: 2717453
DOI: No ID Found -
Compendium (Yardley, PA) Feb 2013Laparoscopic removal of the gonads from male and female horses is regularly performed for a variety of reasons. In female horses, common indications for ovariectomy... (Review)
Review
Laparoscopic removal of the gonads from male and female horses is regularly performed for a variety of reasons. In female horses, common indications for ovariectomy include behavioral problems and signs of abdominal pain that are linked to estrus. Another indication is an abnormal, enlarged ovary, typically due to ovarian neoplasia, the most common being granulosa thecal cell tumor. Ovariectomy is also a treatment option for ovarian hematomas and other abnormalities. In addition, ovariectomy is used to sterilize mares intended for artificial insemination or embryo transfer programs.
Topics: Animals; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Laparoscopy; Male; Orchiectomy; Ovariectomy; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 23532903
DOI: No ID Found -
International Urology and Nephrology Aug 2021Bilateral extracapsular or total orchiectomy (BEO) for prostate cancer is presumed to have psychological consequences after the surgery due to perception of an empty... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
Bilateral extracapsular or total orchiectomy (BEO) for prostate cancer is presumed to have psychological consequences after the surgery due to perception of an empty scrotum. Bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy (BSO) was designed to preserve perception of palpable testes. We compared the patients' satisfaction and genital perception following BEO and BSO.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Prostate cancer patients eligible for androgen deprivation therapy who opted for orchiectomy were enrolled in prospective randomized study. Patients with bleeding disorder or uncorrected coagulopathy, poor performance score, and psychiatric problems were excluded. Outlook to life and own health in-general, overall satisfaction to the procedure and genital perception was evaluated using modified Fugl-Meyer questionnaire (FMQ) which was administered before and after 3 months of the surgery. Patients were randomized to BEO and BSO groups at the time of surgery using block randomization. Primary outcome was to compare the genital perception of testicular loss and patients' satisfaction to BSO and BEO. Secondary outcomes included testosterone and PSA control, operative time, and complications.
RESULTS
Total 35 patients were enrolled in each group which was comparable. There was no difference in PSA control at 3 months. Mean operative time and blood loss were significantly lesser in BEO group. FMQ score at 3 months did not show significant difference. Majority of the patients in both groups were satisfied with procedure and the aesthetic value of scrotum after surgery. However, 84% in BSO group did not feel that testes were removed on self-examination, as compared to 28% in BEO group. Majority patients in both groups did not report physical or psychological discomfort from change in scrotal content.
CONCLUSIONS
Results showed that patients' satisfaction and genital perception following BSO and BEO were similar. Feeling of remaining intrascrotal contents after BSO did not had added psychological advantage in terms of perception of genitalia.
Topics: Humans; Male; Orchiectomy; Patient Satisfaction; Perceptual Disorders; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Prostatic Neoplasms; Scrotum; Self Report
PubMed: 33851360
DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02849-z