-
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi Dec 2002
Topics: Biomedical Research; China; Humans; Organ Transplantation
PubMed: 12641930
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Transplantation :... 2003
Review
Topics: Humans; Organ Transplantation; Tissue Donors; Tissue and Organ Procurement; United States
PubMed: 12694046
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-6143.3.s4.2.x -
Progress in Transplantation (Aliso... Mar 2012The historical development of deceased organ donation, transplantation, and organ procurement organizations is reviewed. The concept of transplantation, taking parts...
The historical development of deceased organ donation, transplantation, and organ procurement organizations is reviewed. The concept of transplantation, taking parts from one animal or person and putting them into another animal or person, is ancient. The development of organ transplantation brought on the need for a source of organs. Although many early kidney transplants used kidneys from living donors, these donors could not satisfy the ever-growing need for organs, and extrarenal organs were recovered only from deceased donors. This need for organs to satisfy the great demand led to specialized organizations to identify deceased donors, manage them until recovery occurred, and to notify transplant centers that organs were available for their patients. The functions of these organ procurement organizations expanded to include other required functions such as education, accounting, and compliance with state and federal requirements. Because of the shortage of organs relative to the demand, lack of a unified organ allocation system, the perception that organs are a national resource and should be governed by national regulations, and to improve results of organ procurement organizations and transplant centers, the federal government has regulated virtually all phases of organ procurement and transplantation.
Topics: History, 20th Century; Humans; Organ Transplantation; Tissue and Organ Procurement
PubMed: 22489438
DOI: 10.7182/pit2012157 -
Transplantation Proceedings Jun 2005Organ transplantation has developed in the past 50 years from a primitive therapeutic attempt to an accepted and much sought after form of treatment. During the same...
Organ transplantation has developed in the past 50 years from a primitive therapeutic attempt to an accepted and much sought after form of treatment. During the same period, bone marrow transplantation, a form of cell transplantation, also has become established with similar successes provided the donor and recipient are well matched. The next challenges in transplantation are to overcome the donor shortage and to devise new ways of treating diseases that at present have unsuccessful management. The transplantation of cells programmed to produce essential proteins is an important goal, especially if the cells were autologous, for example, adult stem cells persuaded to produce insulin and act as surrogate beta cells. In this short article, I have reviewed some of the progress and difficulties of cell transplantation, which is currently a popular and intense area of research worldwide.
Topics: Humans; Organ Transplantation; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Autologous
PubMed: 15964318
DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.03.066 -
Harefuah May 2008The situation of organ transplantation in Israel has currently reached a crossroad. The number of patients on the waiting list increases from one year to another, but... (Review)
Review
The situation of organ transplantation in Israel has currently reached a crossroad. The number of patients on the waiting list increases from one year to another, but the availability of organs remains, more or less, the same as in the last decade. As a result, the medical condition of the patients on the waiting list deteriorates and each year some 7% of these patients died before an organ could be procured for saving their lives. Since 1994 the organ transplantation system in Israel is nationally controlled by the Israel Transplant Center (ITC) which employs transplantation teams (a physician and at least one registered nurse) acting in each general hospital. ITC and the teams proceed in the direction of identification of potential donors after brain death, hemodynamic stabilization, talks with the patient's family aiming to obtain acceptance for donating the deceased person's organs and the logistic aspects of organ harvesting and transplantation. This review presents the up to date parameters of organ transplantation in Israel and compares this information with some data from other countries. The data from last year placed Israel on the lower part of the list of developed countries regarding the availability of organs for transplantation: 9 donors per million inhabitants (in comparison to 35 in Spain or 25 in the USA). Furthermore, a lower percentage of the Israeli adult population (9.4% as per March 2008) signed a donor card, thereby expressing the intention to donate organs after death. Finally, some ideas for improving the situation of organ donation in this country are proposed, among them a continuous campaign for increasing population awareness regarding organ donation, the use of non-heart beating donor organs, the use of expanded criteria for donated organs, development of a system of pair exchange in case of immunologic incompatibility between the donor and the recipient or the use of solutions and machines for organ perfusion in order to increase the viability time of the harvested organ.
Topics: Coronary Disease; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Transplantation; Liver Diseases; Liver Transplantation; Organ Transplantation
PubMed: 18770964
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Transplants 2000Organ transplantation is currently a form of treatment for end-stage organ disease in Latin America for which enthusiasm appears to be growing both in individual...
Organ transplantation is currently a form of treatment for end-stage organ disease in Latin America for which enthusiasm appears to be growing both in individual countries as well as in the whole region. The Latin-American Transplant Registry has been a factor in the development of communication among the different countries of the region and a focus for unification. Both renal and extra-renal organ transplantation have increased significantly during 1999 and for kidneys the activity is currently 12% of the world renal transplant statistics. Important evidence for the continuing development and maturity of transplantation in the region includes the number of new transplantation societies, the increase in the number of renal and extra-renal transplant programs, the development of national organ transplant registries, efforts towards analyzing costs and administration in transplantation and the incorporation of new immunosuppressants. The development of cardiac transplantation in Bolivia, Cuba, Paraguay, Perú, Puerto Rico and Uruguay, intestinal transplantation in Argentina, and liver transplantation in Bolivia all reflect a marked interest in organ transplantation in the different countries. Similarly, liver and cardiac transplantation are increasing at a very fast rate. End-stage organ disease is recognized as a growing health priority and organ donation as a critical limiting factor. Governments are directly and indirectly supporting transplantation initiatives. The return of trained transplant practitioners to their countries of origin also accounts for part of the increase in activity and for the organizational aspects of transplantation. The statistics presented in this report signify increasing maturity in the transplantation activities of Latin America.
Topics: Government Programs; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Latin America; Liver Transplantation; Lung Transplantation; Organ Transplantation; Registries; Tissue Donors; Tissue and Organ Procurement; Transplantation Immunology
PubMed: 11512305
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicina 2002
Topics: Ethics, Medical; Forecasting; Humans; Organ Transplantation; Philosophy, Medical
PubMed: 12532701
DOI: No ID Found -
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England) Feb 2013Organ transplantation in an orthotopic location is the current treatment for end-stage organ failure. However, the need for transplantable organs far exceeds the number... (Review)
Review
Organ transplantation in an orthotopic location is the current treatment for end-stage organ failure. However, the need for transplantable organs far exceeds the number of available donor organs. As a result, new options, such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, have been explored to achieve functional organ replacement. Although there have been many advances in the laboratory leading to the reconstruction of tissue and organ structures in vitro, these efforts have fallen short of producing organs that contain intact vascular networks capable of nutrient and gas exchange and are suitable for transplantation. Recently, advances in whole organ decellularization techniques have enabled the fabrication of scaffolds for engineering new organs. These scaffolds, consisting of naturally-derived extracellular matrix (ECM), provide biological signals and maintain tissue microarchitecture, including intact vascular systems that could integrate into the recipient's circulatory system. The decellularization techniques have led to the development of scaffolds for multiple organs, including the heart, liver, lung and kidney. While the experimental studies involving the use of decellularized organ scaffolds are encouraging, the translation of whole organ engineering into the clinic is still distant. This paper reviews recently described techniques used to decellularize whole organs such as the heart, lung, liver and kidney and describes possible methods for using these matrices for whole organ engineering.
Topics: Animals; Bioartificial Organs; Biocompatible Materials; Bioengineering; Cell Separation; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Liver Transplantation; Liver, Artificial; Lung Transplantation; Materials Testing; Organ Transplantation; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 23353764
DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/1/014106 -
Experimental and Clinical... Jan 2019In Jordan, the history of organ transplantation started in 1972 with a kidney transplant from a deceased donor. At present, Jordan is in a good position with regard to... (Review)
Review
In Jordan, the history of organ transplantation started in 1972 with a kidney transplant from a deceased donor. At present, Jordan is in a good position with regard to organ transplantation among developing countries. It remains important to follow through with some decisions and enact laws that would increase the percentage of legal organ donations and transplant procedures. This has involved the expansion of relative degree donation. Until 2013, most relative degree donations involved 1st-degree and 2nd-degree relatives. The degree of genetical and legal relatives in living organ donation was then expanded to allow 4th- and 5th-degree relatives. This expansion to a 5th-degree relative came about when it was realized that the percentage of organ transplants in 2nd-degree relatives was high. Therefore, the idea of organ donation in these degrees may be beneficial, as it can lead to significantly higher numbers of organ donations.
Topics: Family; Health Policy; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Islam; Jordan; Living Donors; Organ Transplantation; Pedigree; Policy Making; Religion and Medicine
PubMed: 30777517
DOI: 10.6002/ect.MESOT2018.L24 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2012Mankind has always been interested in investigating and searching for solutions regarding the body deterioration due to factors such as disease, damage caused by trauma,...
Mankind has always been interested in investigating and searching for solutions regarding the body deterioration due to factors such as disease, damage caused by trauma, toxins or radiation or just the process of ageing. Here, we summarize the history of scientific advances in solid organ transplantation, in the areas strictly linked to transplantation. The period between the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century has been called by some authors the "Era of allografting". This was a muddled period with many studies and publications on very diverse transplants, from Kocher's (Nobel Prize in 1909) who transplanted thyroid extracts, to Brown-Sequard who tried to rejuvenate people by using grafts of guinea pig testicle extracts. In the midst of the 20th century, Sir Medawar pointed out that the rejection of transplant organs by the recipient body was mediated by an immunological reaction, which should be modified. Since then, there has been an open period of discovery of new immunosuppressive drugs which have revolutionised the outcomes of solid organ transplantations. New challenges have appeared over the last few years, these efforts have focused on the search to extend graft durability and with it recipient patient survival times, as well as improve their quality of life.
Topics: Animals; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Organ Transplantation; Quality of Life
PubMed: 22457100
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-2098-9_2