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PloS One 2014Pancreatitis, a known risk factor for the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is a serious, widespread medical condition usually caused by alcohol abuse or...
Pancreatitis, a known risk factor for the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is a serious, widespread medical condition usually caused by alcohol abuse or gallstone-mediated ductal obstruction. However, many cases of pancreatitis are of an unknown etiology. Pancreatitis has been linked to bacterial infection, but causality has yet to be established. Here, we found that persistent infection of mice with the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) was sufficient to induce pancreatitis reminiscent of the human disease. Specifically, we found that pancreatitis induced by persistent S. Typhimurium infection was characterized by a loss of pancreatic acinar cells, acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, fibrosis and accumulation of inflammatory cells, including CD11b+ F4/80+, CD11b+ Ly6Cint Ly6G+ and CD11b+ Ly6Chi Ly6G- cells. Furthermore, we found that S. Typhimurium colonized and persisted in the pancreas, associated with pancreatic acinar cells in vivo, and could invade cultured pancreatic acinar cells in vitro. Thus, persistent infection of mice with S. Typhimurium may serve as a useful model for the study of pancreatitis as it relates to bacterial infection. Increased knowledge of how pathogenic bacteria can cause pancreatitis will provide a more integrated picture of the etiology of the disease and could lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for treatment and prevention of pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Topics: Acinar Cells; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium
PubMed: 24717768
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092807 -
Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography Jul 2010Although most cases of acute pancreatitis are uncomplicated and resolve spontaneously, the presence of complications has significant prognostic importance. Necrosis,... (Review)
Review
Although most cases of acute pancreatitis are uncomplicated and resolve spontaneously, the presence of complications has significant prognostic importance. Necrosis, hemorrhage, and infection convey up to 25%, 52%, and 80% mortality, respectively. Other complications such as pseudocyst formation, pseudoaneurysm formation, or venous thrombosis increase morbidity and mortality to a lesser degree.We review the computed tomographic findings of complications associated with acute pancreatitis with emphasis on their prognostic significance and impact on clinical management.
Topics: Abscess; Acute Disease; Aneurysm, False; Bacterial Infections; Hemorrhage; Humans; Necrosis; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Prognosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 20657214
DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0b013e3181d344ca -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Oct 2017Enterovirus infections are implicated in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). MicroRNAs as regulators of gene expression are involved in many physiological and...
Enterovirus infections are implicated in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). MicroRNAs as regulators of gene expression are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Given that viral infections dysregulate cellular microRNAs, we investigated the impact of persistent coxsackievirus B4 infection on microRNA expression of human pancreatic cells. Next-generation sequencing was used to determine microRNA expression in PANC-1 cells persistently infected (for several weeks) with coxsackievirus B4 and uninfected control cells. Target prediction restricted to T1D risk genes was performed with miRWalk2.0. Functional annotation analysis was performed with DAVID6.7. Expression of selected microRNAs and T1D risk genes was measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Eighty-one microRNAs were dysregulated in persistently infected PANC-1 cells. Forty-nine of the known fifty-five T1D risk genes were predicted as putative targets of at least one of the dysregulated microRNAs. Most functional annotation terms that were enriched in these 49 putative target genes were related to the immune response or autoimmunity. mRNA levels of AFF3, BACH2, and IL7R differed significantly between persistently infected cells and uninfected cells. This is the first characterization of the microRNA expression profile changes induced by persistent coxsackievirus B4 infection in pancreatic cells. The predicted targeting of genes involved in the immune response and autoimmunity by the dysregulated microRNAs as well as the dysregulated expression of diabetes risk genes shows that persistent coxsackievirus B4 infection profoundly impacts the host cell. These data support the hypothesis of a possible link between persistent coxsackievirus B4 infection and the development of T1D.
Topics: Cell Line; Coxsackievirus Infections; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Enterovirus B, Human; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; MicroRNAs; Pancreas
PubMed: 28601984
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2567-0 -
Genes Mar 2021Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly contagious and devastating disease in poultry. ND causes heavy economic losses to the global poultry industry by decreasing...
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly contagious and devastating disease in poultry. ND causes heavy economic losses to the global poultry industry by decreasing the growth rate, decrease in egg production high morbidity and mortality. Although significant advances have been made in the vaccine development, outbreaks are reported in vaccinated birds. In this study, we report the damage caused by NDV infection in the pancreatic tissues of vaccinated and specific-pathogen-free chickens. The histopathological examination of the pancreas showed severe damage in the form of partial depletion of zymogen granules, acinar cell vacuolization, necrosis, apoptosis, congestion in the large and small vessels, sloughing of epithelial cells of the pancreatic duct, and mild perivascular edema. Increased plasma levels of corticosterone and somatostatin were observed in NDV-infected chicken at three- and five- days post infection (DPI). A slight decrease in the plasma concentrations of insulin was noticed at 5 DPI. Significant changes were not observed in the plasma levels of glucagon. Furthermore, NDV infection decreased the activity and mRNA expression of amylase, lipase, and trypsin from the pancreas. Taken together, our findings highlight that NDV induces extensive tissue damage in the pancreas, decreases the activity and expression of pancreatic enzymes, and increases plasma corticosterone and somatostatin. These findings provide new insights that a defective pancreas may be one of the reasons for decreased growth performance after NDV infection in chickens.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Islets of Langerhans; Newcastle Disease; Newcastle disease virus; Pancreas, Exocrine; Pancreatitis; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 33805275
DOI: 10.3390/genes12040495 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... May 2005
Review
Topics: Animals; Biliary Tract; Disease Models, Animal; Ferrets; Gastrointestinal Tract; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter mustelae; Pancreas, Exocrine
PubMed: 15817250
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2005.01.003 -
European Journal of Clinical... Jul 1998As human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections are implicated in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), the effects of murine (M)CMV infection of inbred mice on the...
BACKGROUND
As human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections are implicated in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), the effects of murine (M)CMV infection of inbred mice on the pancreas are of interest.
RESULTS
Inflammation and periacinar oedema peaked on day 3 and were replaced by a focal inflammation, but infected cells were rare. The islets were spared in C57BL mice. Insulitis normally seen in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice was accelerated, but infected NOD mice did not become glycosuric. Isotypes of total and autoreactive antibodies suggested a shift to a Th 1 response (IgG2a) in all MCMV-infected mice. MCMV-induced pancreatitis was not affected by MHC genes but was similar or less severe in BALB/c mice. As these lack the Cmv1 gene, which provides a protective natural killer (NK) cell response in C57BL congenic mice, the C57BL background may carry a pancreatitis susceptibility gene able to counter NK-mediated restriction of viral replication. Consistently, congenic mice expressing Cmvl on a BALB/c background did not display pancreatitis, unless depleted of NK cells. In vivo treatment with soluble cytokine receptors suggested that interleukin 1 (IL-1) and/or tumour necrosis factor alpha contribute to acinar necrosis in C57BL mice.
Topics: Animals; Autoantibodies; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Humans; Hypergammaglobulinemia; Interleukin-1; Islets of Langerhans; Killer Cells, Natural; Liver; Lymphocyte Depletion; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred NOD; Necrosis; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Virus Replication
PubMed: 9726035
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.1998.00314.x -
International Journal of Pancreatology... Aug 1994
Review
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Necrosis; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases
PubMed: 7806908
DOI: 10.1007/BF02925603 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Aug 2001A Scottish salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV) has been isolated and its optimum growth conditions determined. Although several fish cell lines have been tested,...
A Scottish salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV) has been isolated and its optimum growth conditions determined. Although several fish cell lines have been tested, successful culture was achieved only with CHSE-214 cells. Cytopathic effects were observed after 5 days. The highest virus titres, calculated by microtitration assay, were reached at 15 degrees C. After 7-9 days post-inoculation, CHSE-214 cell supernatants contained between 10(7)-10(5) TCID50 ml(-1) The cultured isolate is chloroform- and pH 3.0-sensitive, and virions are 50-60 nm in diameter. These characteristics are similar to the Irish SPDV isolates. The culture isolate induced typical pancreas disease (PD) lesions in experimentally infected Atlantic salmon and convalescent fish were resistant to experimental infection with PD-infective kidney homogenates obtained by serial in vivo passages from a PD-infected farmed salmon (termed wild-type SPDV). Furthermore, fish immunised with the inactivated cultured virus were protected against a cohabitation challenge with the wild-type virus. Immunised fish sera showed virus-neutralising activity before challenge (7 weeks post-immunisation) and from 3-6 weeks post-challenge, when sera from non-immunised fish did not neutralise the virus. At 6 weeks post-cohabitation challenge, previously immunised fish had neutralising titres of up to 1:65. Following intraperitoneal (i.p.) challenge, immunised fish showed neutralising titres as high as 1:226 at 8 weeks post-challenge. Non-immunised fish injected i.p. with the wild-type virus developed serum-neutralising activity against the cultured isolate when sampled 8 weeks after infection, confirming an antigenic relationship between the wild-type and cultured virus. The results demonstrate that the tissue culture-adapted isolate of SPDV could be successfully used to protect against challenge by the wild-type virus and could therefore have potential use as an inactivated vaccine against PD.
Topics: Alphavirus; Alphavirus Infections; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Fish Diseases; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Neutralization Tests; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Salmo salar; Salmonidae; Temperature; Vaccines, Inactivated; Viral Load
PubMed: 11556480
DOI: 10.1006/fsim.2000.0330 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Apr 2019This study provides the first comprehensive imaging report of human pancreatic eurytremiasis. A 43-year-old man with obstructive jaundice and a pancreatic tumor was...
This study provides the first comprehensive imaging report of human pancreatic eurytremiasis. A 43-year-old man with obstructive jaundice and a pancreatic tumor was referred for diagnosis and treatment. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were elevated. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a multilocular cystic lesion with delayed enhanced area in the pancreas head. On magnetic resonance imaging, the tumor was hyperintense on diffusion-weighted image, and the apparent diffusion coefficient value of the tumor was lower than that of the normal pancreatic parenchyma. Positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) revealed abnormally increased uptake of F-FDG in the tumor. A subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed on the preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma accompanied by branch duct-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Multifocal granulomatous lesions with necrotic areas including many parasite eggs were seen on the histology. The final diagnosis was pancreatic eurytremiasis.
Topics: Adult; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Humans; Male; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Parasitic Diseases; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30758533
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-01925-4 -
The British Journal of Surgery Feb 1991Controversy still surrounds the management of necrotic and septic complications of acute pancreatitis. A review of the literature of the past decade dealing with the... (Review)
Review
Controversy still surrounds the management of necrotic and septic complications of acute pancreatitis. A review of the literature of the past decade dealing with the surgical treatment of pancreatic necrosis, pancreatic abscess and infected pancreatic necrosis has been undertaken. Three main patterns of management could be identified: (1) 'conventional treatment', consisting of pancreatic resection or necrosectomy with drainage; (2) 'local lavage', consisting of necrosectomy followed by regional lavage; and (3) 'open management', with resection or necrosectomy followed by planned multiple re-explorations. From this review it appears that local lavage and open management offer better survival prospects than conventional treatment. Open abdomen techniques, however, are associated with an increased risk of complications, such as colonic necrosis, intestinal fistula, and intra-abdominal bleeding. Excellent results can be achieved in specialized centres with any of the three methods, provided adequate debridement and prompt reoperations are undertaken if the septic state persists.
Topics: Abscess; Drainage; Humans; Methods; Necrosis; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Postoperative Complications; Therapeutic Irrigation
PubMed: 2015459
DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800780204