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Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of... Jun 1987Single-stranded nucleic acid molecules that are complementary to each other will form hybrids under appropriate conditions. Hybridization tests make use of this... (Review)
Review
Single-stranded nucleic acid molecules that are complementary to each other will form hybrids under appropriate conditions. Hybridization tests make use of this phenomenon and employ labeled molecules called probes to detect specific complementary molecules called targets. Nucleic acid hybridization is the most sensitive method for detecting HPV in clinical specimens and the only one capable of identifying specific HPV types. There are many alternative hybridization test formats; most of them use either filters or glass slides as solid supports. Of the established tests, Southern blot hybridization remains the most sensitive and specific test for HPV DNA but has the drawback of also being the most time consuming. Several novel methods show promise, and some innovative procedure may eventually dominate routine nucleic acid detection. The ideal test would be simple enough to permit automation.
Topics: DNA, Viral; Humans; Methods; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Papillomaviridae; Tumor Virus Infections
PubMed: 2829080
DOI: No ID Found -
Nucleic Acids Research Jan 2017The Papillomavirus Episteme (PaVE) is a database of curated papillomavirus genomic sequences, accompanied by web-based sequence analysis tools. This update describes the...
The Papillomavirus Episteme (PaVE) is a database of curated papillomavirus genomic sequences, accompanied by web-based sequence analysis tools. This update describes the addition of major new features. The papillomavirus genomes within PaVE have been further annotated, and now includes the major spliced mRNA transcripts. Viral genes and transcripts can be visualized on both linear and circular genome browsers. Evolutionary relationships among PaVE reference protein sequences can be analysed using multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees. To assist in viral discovery, PaVE offers a typing tool; a simplified algorithm to determine whether a newly sequenced virus is novel. PaVE also now contains an image library containing gross clinical and histopathological images of papillomavirus infected lesions. Database URL: https://pave.niaid.nih.gov/.
Topics: Computational Biology; Databases, Nucleic Acid; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Papillomaviridae; Phylogeny; Web Browser
PubMed: 28053164
DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw879 -
Clinical Biochemistry Aug 1990The human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with the production of many skin and mucosal lesions, the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the genital areas,... (Review)
Review
The human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with the production of many skin and mucosal lesions, the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the genital areas, skin and aerodigestive tracts, and possibly adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. There are more than 60 known genotypes of HPV. Some genotypes have been associated with lesions that have none or minimal chances of malignant transformation; while other genotypes (especially types 16, 18, 31, 35, and 51) have been found in mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia, carcinoma in-situ or frank invasive carcinoma. HPV cannot be propagated in tissue cultures. The presence of the virus can be demonstrated by immunologic techniques, which are not sensitive enough with the present methodology, or by searching for the presence of the viral DNA by DNA or RNA hybridization techniques. Determining the viral genotype in the tissue involved will permit the separation of those lesions supposedly to be low risk from those associated with the high risk types. This knowledge may be helpful in the future to determine the appropriate management of patients infected with HPV.
Topics: DNA, Viral; Humans; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Nucleic Acid Probes; Papillomaviridae; RNA, Viral; Specimen Handling; Tumor Virus Infections
PubMed: 2171813
DOI: 10.1016/0009-9120(90)80057-p -
Viruses Apr 2021Papillomaviruses (PVs) are considered highly species-specific with cospeciation as the main driving force in their evolution. However, a recent increase in the available...
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are considered highly species-specific with cospeciation as the main driving force in their evolution. However, a recent increase in the available PV genome sequences has revealed inconsistencies in virus-host phylogenies, which could be explained by adaptive radiation, recombination, host-switching events and a broad PV host range. Unfortunately, with a relatively low number of animal PVs characterized, understanding these incongruities remains elusive. To improve knowledge of biology and the spread of animal PV, we collected 60 swabs of the anogenital and head and neck regions from a healthy colony of 30 Roborovski hamsters () and detected PVs in 44/60 (73.3%) hamster samples. This is the first report of PV infection in Roborovski hamsters. Moreover, Phodopus sungorus papillomavirus type 1 (PsuPV1), previously characterized in Siberian hamsters (), was the only PV detected in Roborovski hamsters. In addition, after a detailed literature search, review and summary of published evidence and construction of a tanglegram linking the cladograms of PVs and their hosts, our findings were discussed in the context of available knowledge on PVs described in at least two different host species.
Topics: Anal Canal; Animals; Animals, Wild; Evolution, Molecular; Female; Genitalia; Host Specificity; Male; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Phodopus; Phylogeny
PubMed: 33922632
DOI: 10.3390/v13050739 -
The Medical Journal of Australia Jul 1987
Topics: Anus Diseases; Australia; Female; Humans; Male; Papillomaviridae; Tumor Virus Infections; Uterine Cervical Diseases
PubMed: 3037285
DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1987.tb133256.x -
Proceedings. Biological Sciences Jan 2015The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines hold great promise for preventing several cancers caused by HPV infections. Yet little attention has been given to whether HPV...
The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines hold great promise for preventing several cancers caused by HPV infections. Yet little attention has been given to whether HPV could respond evolutionarily to the new selection pressures imposed on it by the novel immunity response created by the vaccine. Here, we present and theoretically validate a mechanism by which the vaccine alters the transmission-recovery trade-off that constrains HPV's virulence such that higher oncogene expression is favoured. With a high oncogene expression strategy, the virus is able to increase its viral load and infected cell population before clearance by the vaccine, thus improving its chances of transmission. This new rapid cell-proliferation strategy is able to circulate between hosts with medium to high turnover rates of sexual partners. We also discuss the importance of better quantifying the duration of challenge infections and the degree to which a vaccinated host can shed virus. The generality of the models presented here suggests a wider applicability of this mechanism, and thus highlights the need to investigate viral oncogenicity from an evolutionary perspective.
Topics: Evolution, Molecular; Gene Expression; Humans; Models, Genetic; Oncogenes; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Sexual Partners; Viral Load; Virulence
PubMed: 25429011
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1069 -
The Journal of General Virology Sep 2006An open question amongst papillomavirus taxonomists is whether recombination has featured in the evolutionary history of these viruses. Since the onset of the global...
An open question amongst papillomavirus taxonomists is whether recombination has featured in the evolutionary history of these viruses. Since the onset of the global AIDS epidemic, the question is somewhat less academic, because immune-compromised human immunodeficiency virus patients are often co-infected with extraordinarily diverse mixtures of human papillomavirus (HPV) types. It is expected that these conditions may facilitate the emergence of HPV recombinants, some of which might have novel pathogenic properties. Here, a range of rigorous analyses is applied to full-genome sequences of papillomaviruses to provide convincing statistical and phylogenetic evidence that evolutionarily relevant papillomavirus recombination can occur.
Topics: Evolution, Molecular; Genome, Viral; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Phylogeny; Recombination, Genetic
PubMed: 16894190
DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81917-0 -
Journal of Virology Sep 1984A papillomavirus which we designate FPV was isolated from chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs). A physical map of the FPV genome was constructed, and selected regions of this...
A papillomavirus which we designate FPV was isolated from chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs). A physical map of the FPV genome was constructed, and selected regions of this genome were studied by nucleotide sequence analysis. The results make it possible to align the FPV genome with the genome of bovine papillomavirus type 1 and to show, moreover, that avian and mammalian papillomaviruses have a similar genome organization.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Birds; DNA Restriction Enzymes; Genes, Viral; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 6088809
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.51.3.872-875.1984 -
Sexual Health Dec 2020Background The prevalence of genital tract vaccine-type human papillomavirus (HPV) is on the decline due to high vaccine uptake through the national HPV immunisation...
Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination successfully reduces the prevalence of vaccine-targeted genotypes in a young, vaccine-eligible-age sample of Australian females.
UNLABELLED
Background The prevalence of genital tract vaccine-type human papillomavirus (HPV) is on the decline due to high vaccine uptake through the national HPV immunisation program in Australia. The aim of this study was to investigate HPV vaccine coverage and factors associated with HPV in a vaccine-eligible sample of young Australian females.
METHODS
Females aged 16-25 years were recruited into the Young Female Health Initiative study, a young women's health study, via Facebook advertising from 2012 to 2017. Sexually active participants were asked to provide a self-collected vaginal swab for the detection of HPV DNA; positive samples were genotyped. Self-reported HPV vaccination status was confirmed by the National HPV Vaccination Program Register. Outcomes of the study were HPV acquisition and genotype, HPV vaccination status and factors associated with HPV.
RESULTS
Overall, 22.8% of samples (95% confidence interval (CI) 17.8-27.8%; n = 62/272) were positive for any HPV DNA, of which 19.1% (95% CI 14.4-23.8%; n = 52/272) were oncogenic types. HPV 16 was detected in three samples (1.1%; 95% CI -0.1%, 2.3%; two not HPV vaccinated and one vaccinated after sexual debut). Early sexual debut (<16 years) and multiple sexual partners were independently associated with an increased risk of any HPV.
CONCLUSIONS
In a community sample of vaccine-eligible-age females with a high vaccine uptake, the prevalence of vaccine-related HPV genotypes is extremely low. Early sexual debut and multiple sexual partners are positively associated with HPV, underscoring the importance of vaccination at the routinely recommended age of 12-13 years for best vaccine impact.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Australia; Female; Genotype; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests; Human Papillomavirus Recombinant Vaccine Quadrivalent, Types 6, 11, 16, 18; Humans; Immunization Programs; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence; Vaccination Coverage; Young Adult
PubMed: 33341122
DOI: 10.1071/SH20033 -
Transplant Infectious Disease : An... Feb 2016Few studies have been conducted in South America regarding the detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus (HPV) in viral warts of renal transplant recipients...
OBJECTIVES
Few studies have been conducted in South America regarding the detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus (HPV) in viral warts of renal transplant recipients (RTRs). The characterization of the population most susceptible to the development of warts and the knowledge of the main HPV types in this environment prompted this study, which focuses on the detection and typing of HPV in RTRs in Brazil.
METHODS
Fifty-eight patients with viral warts from the Hospital São Paulo/Federal University of São Paulo were included in this study. HPV was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using combinations of the following primers: PGMY 09/11, RK 91, CP 65/70, and CP 66/69. Restriction fragment length polymorphism and automated sequencing techniques were used for HPV typing.
RESULTS
HPV was detected by PCR in 89.7% of viral wart samples. The most frequently detected HPV types included 57, 27, 1a, 2a, and 20. Other types of HPV-epidermodysplasia verruciformis were also detected, including 14, 15, 19, 20, 21, 23, 36, and 38. Rare HPV types were also detected in our environment, including RTR X1, RTR X7, and 100. The time after transplant was correlated with an increased number of lesions and beta papillomavirus genus infection.
CONCLUSIONS
The HPV types detected in the RTR population were similar to those described in immunocompetent populations. However, the diversity of the HPV types identified and the number of lesions were increased in the RTR population.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brazil; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Genotype; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Transplant Recipients; Warts; Young Adult
PubMed: 26540643
DOI: 10.1111/tid.12479