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Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. :... Jun 2017The fast growth and potential of global aquaculture has necessitated the adoption of sustainable and welfare-oriented therapeutics and prophylactic strategies. Knowledge... (Review)
Review
The fast growth and potential of global aquaculture has necessitated the adoption of sustainable and welfare-oriented therapeutics and prophylactic strategies. Knowledge gathered from studies about maternal passive immunity in fish and fish-to-fish passive immunization experiments supports the concept of using therapeutic Abs (of piscine and other vertebrate origin) in aquaculture. Traditional Ab formats (IgG, IgM) are expensive and laborious to produce; however, the introduction of new rAb fragments and single-domain Abs have reinvigorated the concept of passive immunization. This review will focus primarily on farmed salmonids (salmon and trout) within a comparative context and will give an overview of the basic principles and scientific premises for the passive immunization strategy, including existing and emerging Ab therapeutics.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Aquaculture; Fish Diseases; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulin Fragments; Salmon
PubMed: 28533282
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700154 -
Primary Care Dec 2011Passive immunization employs preformed antibodies provided to an individual that can prevent or treat infectious diseases. There are several situations in which passive... (Review)
Review
Passive immunization employs preformed antibodies provided to an individual that can prevent or treat infectious diseases. There are several situations in which passive immunization can be used: for persons with congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, prophylactic administration when there is a likelihood of exposure to a particular infection, or treatment of a disease state already acquired by the individual. Passive immunization is limited by short duration (typically weeks to months), variable response, and adverse reactions. This article focuses on specific immunoglobulins for preventing or treating infectious diseases, as these are the most likely scenarios one might encounter in primary care practice.
Topics: Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
PubMed: 22094139
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2011.07.006 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... Mar 2021The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to a rapid search for therapeutic and preventive measures because of the potentially severe course of infection. The... (Review)
Review
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to a rapid search for therapeutic and preventive measures because of the potentially severe course of infection. The antiviral drug, remdesivir, and the anti-inflammatory agent, dexamethasone, have shown beneficial effects. As the current COVID-19 vaccines are not yet fully available to everyone, or they may not be readily and universally accepted, various treatment options are being evaluated and will still be needed under these conditions. One of these treatment options, passive immunization, has shown promise in some studies. Further research is needed to determine the utility of immunotherapy with convalescent plasma or artificially produced monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of symptomatic patients, and potentially for use as post-exposure prophylaxis, at least until more effective drugs are available or safe and effective vaccines are distributed and administered to everyone.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 33400975
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106275 -
Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K,... Aug 2016Antibodies play an important role in the defense against infectious diseases. Passive immunization provides immediate protection through transfer of exogenous antibodies... (Review)
Review
Antibodies play an important role in the defense against infectious diseases. Passive immunization provides immediate protection through transfer of exogenous antibodies to a recipient. It is mainly used for prophylaxis in dogs and cats that failed to receive maternal antibodies through the colostrum or when there is an acute risk to acquire infectious diseases. Only a small number of placebo-controlled studies have been published regarding the therapeutic use of passive immunization in small animals. While positive effects were reported in cats with acute virus infections of the upper respiratory tract and in dogs with distemper, no statistically significant influence could be demonstrated in the treatment of canine parvovirosis. Prospective, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled studies using adequate numbers of patients are warranted for a definitive statement regarding the therapeutic and prophylactic use of passive immunization in dogs and cats.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Immunization, Passive
PubMed: 27410719
DOI: 10.15654/TPK-160189 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Apr 2022
Topics: Antibodies; Immunization; Immunization, Passive
PubMed: 35507828
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2028517 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2014Vaccination started around the 10th century AD as a means of preventing smallpox. By the end of the 19th century such therapeutic vaccines were well established with... (Review)
Review
Vaccination started around the 10th century AD as a means of preventing smallpox. By the end of the 19th century such therapeutic vaccines were well established with both active and passive preparations being used in clinical practice. Active immunization involved administering an immunogen that might be live/ attenuated, killed/ inactivated, toxoid or subunit in origin. Passive immunization involved giving pre-formed antibodies, usually to very recently exposed individuals. At about the same time such approaches were also tried to treat a variety of cancers - proof of principle for the protective role of the immune response against malignancy was established by the observation that tumors transplanted into syngeneic hosts were rejected by the host innate and adaptive responses. The impact of these therapeutic vaccination has taken a considerable time to become established - in part because target antigens against which an adaptive response can be directed do not appear to be uniquely expressed on malignant transformed cells; and also because tumor cells are able to manipulate their environment to downregulate the host immune response. Therapeutic cancer vaccines are also divided into active and passive types - the latter being subdivided into specific and non-specific vaccines. Active immunization utilizes an immunogen to generate a host response designed to eliminate the malignant cells, whereas in passive immunization preformed antibodies or cells are administered to directly eliminate the transformed cells - examples of each are considered in this review.
Topics: Humans; Immunization, Passive; Neoplasms; Vaccination
PubMed: 25424829
DOI: 10.4161/hv.29604 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2018Immunoglobulin has been widely used in a variety of diseases, including primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases, neuromuscular diseases, and Kawasaki disease.... (Review)
Review
Immunoglobulin has been widely used in a variety of diseases, including primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases, neuromuscular diseases, and Kawasaki disease. Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various adverse effects have been reported. The majority of these events, such as flushing, headache, malaise, fever, chills, fatigue and lethargy, are transient and mild. However, some rare side effects, including renal impairment, thrombosis, arrhythmia, aseptic meningitis, hemolytic anemia, and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), are serious. These adverse effects are associated with specific immunoglobulin preparations and individual differences. Performing an early assessment of risk factors, infusing at a slow rate, premedicating, and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. Adverse effects are rarely disabling or fatal, treatment mainly involves supportive measures, and the majority of affected patients have a good prognosis.
Topics: Animals; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Incidence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29951056
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01299 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Feb 2016Vaccination is a successful strategy to proactively develop immunity to a certain pathogen, but most vaccines fail to trigger a specific immune response at the mucosal... (Review)
Review
Vaccination is a successful strategy to proactively develop immunity to a certain pathogen, but most vaccines fail to trigger a specific immune response at the mucosal surfaces, which are the first port of entry for infectious agents. At the mucosal surfaces, the predominant immunoglobulin is secretory IgA (SIgA) that specifically neutralizes viruses and prevents bacterial colonization. Mucosal passive immunization, i.e. the application of pathogen-specific SIgAs at the mucosae, can be an effective alternative to achieve mucosal protection. However, this approach is not straightforward, mainly because SIgAs are difficult to obtain from convalescent sources, while recombinant SIgA production is challenging due to its complex structure. This review provides an overview of manufacturing difficulties presented by the unique structural diversity of SIgAs, and the innovative solutions being explored for SIgA production in mammalian and plant expression systems.
Topics: Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Mucous Membrane; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 26511868
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2074-0 -
Microbes and Infection May 2000Antibodies can prevent infectious diseases by providing passive immune protection. Here we review successful clinical trials of passive immunization and consider some of... (Review)
Review
Antibodies can prevent infectious diseases by providing passive immune protection. Here we review successful clinical trials of passive immunization and consider some of the unique qualities monoclonal antibodies are now beginning to offer for developing methods for passive immunization against a wide range of infectious diseases.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bacterial Infections; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 10884621
DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(00)00355-5 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Sep 2021The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic stimulated both the scientific community and healthcare companies to undertake an unprecedented effort with the aim of... (Review)
Review
Coronavirus disease 2019 and the revival of passive immunization: Antibody therapy for inhibiting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and preventing host cell infection: IUPHAR review: 31.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic stimulated both the scientific community and healthcare companies to undertake an unprecedented effort with the aim of understanding the molecular mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and developing effective therapeutic solutions. The peculiar immune response triggered by this virus, which seems to last only few months, led to a search for alternatives such as passive immunization in addition to conventional vaccinations. Convalescent sera, monoclonal antibodies selected from the most potent neutralizing binders induced by the virus infection, recombinant human single-domain antibodies, and binders of variable scaffold and different origin have been tested alone or in combination exploiting monovalent, multivalent and multispecific formats. In this review, we analyse the state of the research in this field and present a summary of the ongoing projects finalized to identify suitable molecules for therapies based on passive immunization.
Topics: Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 33401333
DOI: 10.1111/bph.15359