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Practical aspects in the use of passive immunization as an alternative to attenuated viral vaccines.Vaccine May 2016Passive immunization as a method to protect birds has been tested for many years and shown to be effective. Its advantages over active vaccination include no use of...
Passive immunization as a method to protect birds has been tested for many years and shown to be effective. Its advantages over active vaccination include no use of partially virulent viruses, overcoming the gap in the level of protection at young age due to interference of maternal antibodies to raise self-immune response following active vaccination and the possible immunosuppressive effect of attenuated vaccine viruses. However, a major obstacle to its implementation is its relatively high cost which is dependent, among other things, mainly on two factors: the efficacy of antibody production, and the use of specific pathogen-free (SPF) birds for antibody production to avoid the possible transfer of pathogens from commercial layers. In this study we show efficient production of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) against four different pathogens simultaneously in the same egg, and treatment of the extracted IgY with formalin to negate the need for SPF birds. Formalin, a common registered sterilization compound in vaccine production, was shown not to interfere with the Fab specific antigen binding or Fc-complement activation of the antibody. Following injection of 1-day-old broilers with antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus, protective antibody levels were acquired for the entire period of sensitivity to this pathogen (35 days). Passive vaccination with formalin-sterilized IgY against multiple antigens extracted from one commercial egg may be a cost-effective and advantageous complementary or alternative to attenuated vaccines in poultry.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Viral; Birnaviridae Infections; Chickens; Complement Activation; Eggs; Formaldehyde; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulins; Infectious bursal disease virus; Newcastle Disease; Newcastle disease virus; Poultry Diseases; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Vaccines, Attenuated; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 27079929
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.051 -
The European Respiratory Journal Feb 2022https://bit.ly/3DGyz6t
https://bit.ly/3DGyz6t
Topics: Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 34531275
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02076-2021 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 2022
Topics: Ambulatory Care; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Outpatients; Plasma; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 36069882
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2208338 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 2022
Topics: Ambulatory Care; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Outpatients; Plasma; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 36069883
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2208338 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Oct 2006A study was conducted to determine the role of specific antibodies in immunity to Streptococcus agalactiae. Adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were injected i.p.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A study was conducted to determine the role of specific antibodies in immunity to Streptococcus agalactiae. Adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were injected i.p. with tryptic soy broth as control or with S. agalactiae vaccine. Ninety days later, fish were challenged with 1.5x10(4)CFUS. agalactiae fish(-1). Blood was drawn from all fish 90d after vaccination and 25d after challenge, and the acquired serum was injected i.p. in fingerling Nile tilapia. These passively immunized fish were subsequently challenged 72h later with 1.5x10(4)CFUS. agalactiae fish(-1), and significantly less (P<0.0001) mortalities were noted among fish administered serum containing specific anti-S. agalactiae antibodies (0.0-10.0% mortalities) than in control groups (63.3-72.7% mortalities). Heat-inactivation of serum produced no significant differences in mortalities than non-heat-treated serum in groups administered serum containing specific antibodies from vaccinated fish (P<0.9455) or vaccinated-challenged fish (P<0.0781). Pre-challenge serum samples indicate that the passively immunized fish had significantly increased (P<0.0001) specific antibody levels over control fish. A highly significant (r(2)=0.5892; P<0.0001) correlation between increased pre-challenge specific serum antibody OD levels and survival after challenge was demonstrated when analyzing the control and passive immunization groups. The results of this study indicate that specific anti-S. agalactiae antibodies play a primary role in immunity to S. agalactiae in fish.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacterial Vaccines; Cichlids; Fish Diseases; Hot Temperature; Immunization, Passive; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus agalactiae; Survival Analysis
PubMed: 16531069
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2006.01.001 -
Immunitat Und Infektion Sep 1985Cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation impairs the survival rate of patient and graft. An incidence of 24 to 92% of CMV infections after renal... (Review)
Review
Cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation impairs the survival rate of patient and graft. An incidence of 24 to 92% of CMV infections after renal transplantation is reported, but only 15 to 77% of these patients show clinical symptoms. Contaminated donor organs, blood transfusions and reactivation by immunosuppression are the main causes of this infection. Active immunisation cannot prevent the reactivation of the infection, but also antiviral agents can hardly influence the course of the disease. Passive immunisation showed promising effects in bone-marrow transplantation and is now also tried in renal transplantation. The first results of a randomized study do not allow a final conclusion, but show less clinical symptomatic CMV infections, and statistically significant less herpes simplex infections in the group receiving anti CMV IgG prophylaxis.
Topics: Antibodies, Viral; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Graft Survival; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Life Expectancy
PubMed: 2998975
DOI: No ID Found -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 2022
Topics: Ambulatory Care; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Outpatients; Plasma; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 36069884
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2208338 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Sep 2016
Topics: Humans; Immunization, Passive
PubMed: 27208043
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw337 -
Revista Medica de Chile Jun 2020
Topics: COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Plasma; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 33480368
DOI: 10.4067/S0034-98872020000600721 -
Advances in Veterinary Science and... 1991
Review
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Transfusion; Immunization, Passive; Immunotherapy
PubMed: 1759624
DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-039236-0.50013-8