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Current Cardiology Reviews 2016Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is one of the uncommon cardiovascular disorders. Its incidence ranges from 1.2%-4.9%. Coronary artery ectasia likely represents an... (Review)
Review
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is one of the uncommon cardiovascular disorders. Its incidence ranges from 1.2%-4.9%. Coronary artery ectasia likely represents an exaggerated form of expansive vascular remodeling (i.e. excessive expansive remodeling) in response to atherosclerotic plaque growth with atherosclerosis being the most common cause. Although, it has been described more than five decades ago, its management is still debated. We therefore reviewed the literature until date by searching PubMed and Google scholar using key words "coronary artery ectasia", "coronary artery aneurysm", "pathophysiology", "diagnosis", "management" either by itself or in combination. We reviewed the full articles and review articles and focused mainly on pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of CAE.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Coronary Aneurysm; Dilatation, Pathologic; Humans; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 27142049
DOI: 10.2174/1573403x12666160504100159 -
Journal of Refractive Surgery... Jan 2015
Topics: Dilatation, Pathologic; Humans; Refractive Errors; Refractive Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 25599537
DOI: 10.3928/1081597X-20141223-01 -
Journal of Cataract and Refractive... Oct 2018
Topics: Adult; Astigmatism; Cornea; Corneal Pachymetry; Dilatation, Pathologic; Disease Progression; Humans; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Male; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 30243400
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.08.018 -
The Lancet. Gastroenterology &... Aug 2017Pancreaticobiliary maljunction is a congenital malformation in which the pancreatic and bile ducts join outside the duodenal wall, usually forming a long common channel.... (Review)
Review
Pancreaticobiliary maljunction is a congenital malformation in which the pancreatic and bile ducts join outside the duodenal wall, usually forming a long common channel. Because the action of the sphincter of Oddi does not regulate the function of the pancreaticobiliary junction in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction, two-way regurgitation occurs. Reflux of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract is associated with a high incidence of biliary cancer. Biliary carcinogenesis in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction is thought to follow the hyperplasia, dysplasia, then carcinoma sequence due to chronic inflammation caused by pancreatobiliary reflux. Pancreaticobiliary maljunction is diagnosed when an abnormally long common channel is evident on imaging studies. Congenital biliary dilatation involves both local dilatation of the extrahepatic bile duct, including the common bile duct, and pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Extrahepatic bile duct resection is the standard surgery for congenital biliary dilatation. However, complete excision of the intrapancreatic bile duct and removal of stenoses of the hepatic ducts are necessary to prevent serious complications after surgery.
Topics: Biliary Tract; Biliary Tract Neoplasms; Common Bile Duct; Dilatation, Pathologic; Humans; Pancreatic Ducts
PubMed: 28691687
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30002-X -
Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal... Mar 2002Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation is the most serious direct complication of intraventricular haemorrhage after preterm birth. It results initially from multiple... (Review)
Review
Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation is the most serious direct complication of intraventricular haemorrhage after preterm birth. It results initially from multiple small blood clots throughout the cerebrospinal fluid channels impeding circulation and reabsorption. Management is difficult and new treatment approaches are needed.
Topics: Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebral Ventricles; Dilatation, Pathologic; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases
PubMed: 11882544
DOI: 10.1136/fn.86.2.f72 -
Compendium (Yardley, PA) Feb 2012Megaesophagus is a disorder of the esophagus characterized by diffuse dilation and decreased peristalsis. It is classified into congenital and acquired forms.... (Review)
Review
Megaesophagus is a disorder of the esophagus characterized by diffuse dilation and decreased peristalsis. It is classified into congenital and acquired forms. Gastrointestinal, endocrine, immune-mediated, neuromuscular, paraneoplastic, and toxic disorders have been associated with acquired megaesophagus. Common clinical signs of megaesophagus are regurgitation, weight loss, coughing, and halitosis. Most cases of megaesophagus can be diagnosed using thoracic radiography; however, diagnosing the underlying cause requires a thorough history and additional diagnostics. The treatment, management, and prognosis of megaesophagus vary greatly depending on the underlying cause.
Topics: Animals; Diagnosis, Differential; Dilatation, Pathologic; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Esophageal Achalasia; Peristalsis; Prognosis; Radiography, Thoracic
PubMed: 22488663
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal... May 2012Intraventricular haemorrhage and posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation remain an important challenge in the management of prematurity and are associated with... (Review)
Review
Intraventricular haemorrhage and posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation remain an important challenge in the management of prematurity and are associated with significant permanent morbidity. Progressive ventricular dilatation causes white matter injury by pressure, distortion, free radical injury and inflammation. Therapeutic interventions include serial lumbar punctures, only useful when the ventricles remain in communication with the lumbar subarachnoid space, and repeated aspiration through a ventricular access device. Reduction of cerebrospinal fluid production by acetazolamide and frusemide in a large multicentre randomised trial showed a worse outcome in the treated arm. A trial of drainage, irrigation and fibrinolytic therapy did not demonstrate a reduced need for permanent cerebrospinal fluid diversion, but did show a significant reduction in severe cognitive disability at two years. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting is indicated when the ventricles continue to enlarge at a body weight of around 2.5 kg and cerebrospinal fluid protein levels are below 1.5 g /L. This review summarises current concepts on the pathophysiology and management of posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation, underlining clinical challenges and ongoing research. Although the percentage of small preterm infants developing intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) has been greatly reduced in the last three decades, increased survival of very immature infants has meant that large IVH with subsequent posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation is still a serious unsolved problem.
Topics: Cerebral Hemorrhage; Cerebral Ventricles; Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; Dilatation, Pathologic; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Intracranial Hypertension
PubMed: 21289015
DOI: 10.1136/adc.2010.190173 -
Journal of Cataract and Refractive... Jun 2007
Topics: Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Dilatation, Pathologic; Humans; Keratoconus; Myopia
PubMed: 17531667
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.04.008 -
Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ May 2009
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Bulimia; Dilatation, Pathologic; Female; Humans; Radiography; Stomach
PubMed: 19386863
DOI: 10.1136/emj.2008.062356 -
Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics Jun 1991Partial narrowing of arteries produces poststenotic dilatation. This appears as a dilation of the vessel wall 1 to 3 centimeters distal to the area of a partial... (Review)
Review
Partial narrowing of arteries produces poststenotic dilatation. This appears as a dilation of the vessel wall 1 to 3 centimeters distal to the area of a partial stenosis. When a stenotic band is placed in dogs, poststenotic dilatation develops rapidly, often within eight to ten days. Moderate stenoses that produce a bruit and thrill are effective in eliciting poststenotic dilatation, whereas very tight and very mild stenoses usually are ineffective. Thus, development of poststenotic dilatation requires the presence of flow disturbances sufficient to produce an audible bruit and a palpable thrill. Although the exact flow disturbance is uncertain, statis, increased lateral pressure, cavitation, abnormal shear stresses and turbulence all have been postulated to be the cause of poststenotic dilatation. Of these, experimental studies support abnormal shear stresses and turbulence as the most likely causes. Whatever the flow disturbance, it must make the wall vibrate to produce poststenotic dilatation. Vibrations are thought to produce alterations in wall elastin and possibly in vascular smooth muscle tone. This leads to dilatation of the vessel. If the dilatation is slight, removal of the stenosis may cause reversal of poststenotic dilatation with recovery beginning within hours of correction of the stenosis. If the dilated area is enlarged to twice normal diameter, it may exhibit permanent aneurysmal changes and, therefore, requires resections with reanastomosis. Arteries that are dilated to as little as one-third more than normal size may contain areas of ulceration with overlying thrombus. These vessels also may require resection with reanastomosis.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Animals; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Dilatation, Pathologic; Humans
PubMed: 2035144
DOI: No ID Found