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Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jan 1991The strictly anaerobic intestinal Peptococcus niger H4 synthesizes three different steroidsulfatase enzymes: a constitutive arylsulfatase and two inducible...
The strictly anaerobic intestinal Peptococcus niger H4 synthesizes three different steroidsulfatase enzymes: a constitutive arylsulfatase and two inducible alkylsteroidsulfatases. The arylsulfatase desulfates estrogen-3-sulfates and phenylsulfates. The two alkylsteroidsulfatases desulfate, respectively, 3 alpha-sulfates and 3 beta-sulfates of delta 5, 5 alpha, and 5 beta androstanes, pregnanes, and bile acids. Cholesterol-3 beta-sulfate was not desulfated by the alkylsteroidsulfatases nor were steroids or bile acids that were sulfated in positions other than the 3 position. The alkylsteroidsulfatases were induced by their substrates; bile acid sulfates, however, were poor inducers of the 3 beta-sulfatase and did not induce the 3 alpha-sulfatase activity. In intact bacterial cells, taurine and sulfite suppressed the induction of the alkylsteroidsulfatases and inhibited the activity of the arylsulfatase and alkylsteroidsulfatases. In cell homogenates, the arylsulfatase and alkylsteroidsulfatases activities were inhibited by sulfite and sulfate but not by taurine. Our results support the hypothesis that the main function of the steroidsulfatases in P. niger H4 is to provide the bacteria with sulfur for dissimilatory purposes.
Topics: Arylsulfatases; Enzyme Induction; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Peptococcus; Steryl-Sulfatase; Substrate Specificity; Temperature
PubMed: 2036022
DOI: 10.1128/aem.57.1.69-76.1991 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jul 1987A strictly anaerobic gram-positive coccus, identified as Peptococcus niger, that developed sulfatase activity towards steroid-3-sulfate esters was isolated from human...
A strictly anaerobic gram-positive coccus, identified as Peptococcus niger, that developed sulfatase activity towards steroid-3-sulfate esters was isolated from human fecal material. This strain desulfated the arylsulfate esters estrone-3-sulfate (100%) and beta-estradiol-3-sulfate (50%); only trace amounts of desulfated estriol-3-sulfate were found. In addition, alkylsulfatase activity was found towards the 3 alpha-sulfates of 5 alpha-androstane-17-one and 5 beta-androstane-17-one and towards the 3 beta-sulfates of 5 alpha-androstane-17-one, delta 5-androstene-17-one, 5 alpha-pregnane-20-one, and delta 5-pregnene-20-one, all of which were 100% desulfated. No sulfatase activity was found towards the 17-sulfate esters of beta-estradiol or delta 4-androstene-3-one-17 alpha-ol. The nonsteroid arylsulfate esters paranitrophenyl sulfate, paranitrocatechol sulfate, and phenolphthalein disulfate were desulfated 70, 40, and 40%, respectively. In addition to its sulfatase activity, this strain also developed C-17 oxidoreductase activity towards the estrogens and androsta(e)nes and C-3 oxidoreductase activity towards androsta(e)nes and pregna(e)nes.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Culture Media; Feces; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Peptococcus; Steryl-Sulfatase; Sulfatases
PubMed: 3477998
DOI: 10.1128/aem.53.7.1655-1660.1987 -
FEMS Microbiology Letters Sep 1990A 1330 base-pair fragment of a 16S rRNA gene has been amplified, cloned and sequenced. Comparison to other 16S rRNA sequences of eubacteria showed that P. niger...
A 1330 base-pair fragment of a 16S rRNA gene has been amplified, cloned and sequenced. Comparison to other 16S rRNA sequences of eubacteria showed that P. niger represents a deep branch within the subdivision "Gram-positive with Gram-negative cell walls". It is not related to peptostreptococci, representatives of this genus studied so far are more closely related to clostridia.
Topics: Base Composition; Base Sequence; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptococcus; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 1703504
DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03812.x -
FEMS Microbiology Letters Oct 1992The phylogenetic position of Acidaminococcus fermentans was determined by comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA. This Gram-negative bacterium is a member of the...
The phylogenetic position of Acidaminococcus fermentans was determined by comparative sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA. This Gram-negative bacterium is a member of the Sporomusa cluster that is defined by other Gram-negative bacteria, i.e. Sporomusa, Megasphaera, Selenomonas, Butyrivibrio, Pectinatus, and Zymophilus. The branching point of this group within the radiation of Gram-positive bacteria of the Clostridium/Bacillus subphylum and adjacent to Peptococcus niger could be confirmed. Chemotaxonomic data were provided for a more detailed characterization of A. fermentans.
Topics: Amino Acids, Diamino; Carbohydrates; Cell Wall; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Veillonellaceae
PubMed: 1385264
DOI: 10.1016/0378-1097(92)90355-r -
Revista Peruana de Medicina... 2022Motivation for the study: bacterial vaginosis is a bacterial infection that frequently affects women of reproductive age. The treatment is based on synthetic...
OBJECTIVE.
Motivation for the study: bacterial vaginosis is a bacterial infection that frequently affects women of reproductive age. The treatment is based on synthetic antimicrobials. Bixa orellana L. possesses antimicrobial properties and could represent a potential non-synthetic therapeutic alternative. Main findings: in vitro results suggest that, methanolic extract of Bixa orellana L. leaves possesses potential antimicrobial properties against bacteria associated to bacterial vaginosis. Implications: to identify new sources with therapeutic potential, and to promote research, discovery, and characterization of non-synthetic antimicrobials. To describe the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of Bixa orellana L. leaves against anaerobic bacteria associated to bacterial vaginosis and Lactobacillus spp.
MATERIALS AND METHODS.
Eight ATCC reference strains; Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella bivia, Peptococcus niger, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Mobiluncus curtisii, Atopobium vaginae, Veillonella parvula, and Lactobacillus crispatus, and twenty-two clinical isolates; eleven Gardnerella vaginalis and eleven Lactobacillus strains, were included in the study. The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by using agar dilution and a modified dilution plating method, respectively.
RESULTS.
All ATCC reference strains showed high levels of susceptibility to the extract, except P. vibia, V. parvula and L. crispatus. Interestingly, all G. vaginalis clinical isolates and the G. vaginalis ATTC strain were the most susceptible to the extract, given their low MIC (1.0 - 2.0 mg/mL) and MBC (1.0 - 4.0 mg/mL) values, whereas, the Lactobacillus spp. clinical isolates and the L. crispatus ATCC strain were the least susceptible bacteria given their high MIC (32.0 mg/mL) and MBC (≥ 32.0 mg/mL) values.
CONCLUSIONS.
In vitro experiments suggest that the extract possesses selective antimicrobial properties given its high activity against bacterial vaginosis-associated anaerobic bacteria and low activity against Lactobacillus species.
Topics: Female; Humans; Vaginosis, Bacterial; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bixaceae; Lactobacillus; Agar; Bacteria
PubMed: 36888802
DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2022.394.11978 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology May 1991A collection of 256 clinical strains and 40 reference strains of gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) was studied, to characterise the recognised species more fully and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A collection of 256 clinical strains and 40 reference strains of gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) was studied, to characterise the recognised species more fully and to define groups of strains which might correspond to previously undescribed species. The methods used were: gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) for the detection of volatile fatty acids (VFAs); determination of the pre-formed enzyme profile with a commercially available kit, ATB 32A; microscopic appearance; colonial morphology; and antibiotic sensitivity tests. Strains were placed in one of five VFA groups according to their GLC profile; 96% of strains were further assigned to 12 groups by their enzyme profile. There was less than 99% agreement between the two methods. Of 111 clinical strains in the VFA-negative group, 110 gave one of three distinct enzyme profiles corresponding to Peptostreptococcus magnus, P. micros and P. heliotrinreducens. The assignment of strains to groups based on their microscopic appearance and colonial morphology agreed well with groupings according to enzyme profile. Identification of butyrate-producing GPAC was unsatisfactory because it relied heavily on the enzyme profile; testing for indole production was of limited discriminative value. Most strains of P. asaccharolyticus and P. indolicus were very similar in enzyme profile, microscopic appearance and colonial morphology, but a sub-group of P. asaccharolyticus could be distinguished. A further indole-positive group corresponding to Hare group III was also noted. Strains of P. prevotii and P. tetradius were very similar, but easily distinguished from other butyrate-producing GPAC. However, 45% of the butyrate-producing cocci could not be assigned to recognised species; most of these were assigned to one of two new groups, the ADH group and the bGAL group, by their enzyme profile, microscopic appearance and smell. Four strains that produced a terminal VFA peak of isovaleric acid formed a new group designated 'ivoricus'. Reliable features for the identification of P. anaerobius were GLC (all GPAC that produced isocaproic acid were identified as P. anaerobius), enzyme profile and sensitivity to SPS. Two clinical strains that produced caproci acid were identified as Hare group VIII; they were distinguished from Peptococcus niger by their enzyme profile and colonial morphology. A phenotypic classification based on GLC and enzyme profile is presented, with a method for the identification of most strains of GPAC within 48 h of primary isolation.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Chromatography, Gas; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
PubMed: 2030504
DOI: 10.1099/00222615-34-5-295 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Aug 1988We isolated 12 strictly anaerobic steroid-3-sulfate-desulfating strains from the intestinal floras of rats and humans. Two strains (S1 and S2) of the same atypical...
We isolated 12 strictly anaerobic steroid-3-sulfate-desulfating strains from the intestinal floras of rats and humans. Two strains (S1 and S2) of the same atypical Clostridium species and an atypical Lactobacillus strain (termed R9) were obtained from rats. The human isolates were identified as Eubacterium cylindroides (two strains, H1 and H2), Peptococcus niger (two strains, H4 and H89), and Clostridium clostridiiforme. We also isolated, from different human fecal samples, four strains of phenotypically similar asaccharolytic Bacteroides strains, H6.2a, H6.2b, H65, and H175. Aryl steroid sulfatase activity for estrogen sulfates was present in all isolates. Alkyl steroid sulfatase activity for both 3 alpha- and 3 beta-sulfates was found only in P. niger H4. The same P. niger strain and Clostridium strains S1 and S2 also possessed bile acid sulfatase activity.
Topics: Animals; Arylsulfatases; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacteroides; Clostridium; Estradiol; Estrone; Eubacterium; Feces; Humans; Intestines; Lactobacillus; Peptococcus; Rats; Steroids; Steryl-Sulfatase; Substrate Specificity; Sulfatases
PubMed: 3178214
DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.8.2112-2117.1988 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jan 1992The agar dilution method was used to determine the inhibitory activities of 28 antimicrobial agents against 35 strains of the genus Peptostreptococcus, 4 strains of the...
The agar dilution method was used to determine the inhibitory activities of 28 antimicrobial agents against 35 strains of the genus Peptostreptococcus, 4 strains of the species Peptococcus niger, 20 strains of the species Megasphaera elsdenii, 7 strains from the species Acidaminococcus fermentans, 8 strains of the genus Clostridium, 11 strains of the genus Eubacterium, and 1 strain of the species Propionibacterium acidipropionici, all of which were isolated from 125 clinical cases of ovine foot rot between January 1987 and December 1988. The three unreidopenicillins studied proved to be the most active antimicrobial agents, with a high percentage of strains being susceptible at a concentration of 64 micrograms/ml. Penicillin G, ampicillin, and the three cephalosporins studied also had good activity. Fosfomycin showed a high degree of activity among the 116 anaerobic bacteria tested.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Colony Count, Microbial; Foot Rot; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sheep
PubMed: 1590689
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.36.1.198 -
Journal of AOAC International 2012Twenty-one bacterial strains were isolated from imported cattle hide and rabbit wool using two types of media, nutrient broth, and nutrient broth with serum. The...
Analysis of the bacterial diversity existing on animal hide and wool: development of a preliminary PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprint database for identifying isolates.
Twenty-one bacterial strains were isolated from imported cattle hide and rabbit wool using two types of media, nutrient broth, and nutrient broth with serum. The bacteria identified were Brevibacillus laterosporus, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Peptococcus niger, Bacillus circulans, Raoultella ornithinolytica, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thermobacillus, Bacillus choshinensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Staphylococcus intermedius, Mycobacteria, Moraxella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Ralstonia pickettii, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Comamonas testosteroni, and Cupriavidus pauculus. The 16s rDNA gene of each bacterium was amplified using the universal primers 27f and 1492r. The amplicons were digested with AvaI, BamHI, BgII, DraI, EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII, HinfI, HpaI, PstI, SmaI, TaqII, XbaI, XmaI, AluI, XhoI, and PvuI individually. A specific fingerprint from the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method based on 16s rDNA was obtained for each bacterium. The results showed that the method developed was useful not only for bacterial identification but also for the etiological investigation of pathogens in imported animal hair and wool.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cattle; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA, Ribosomal; Databases, Factual; Hair; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rabbits; Skin; Wool
PubMed: 23451394
DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.11-482 -
International Journal of Systematic... Jan 1994The 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of representative members of the family Peptococcaceae were determined. The members of the family examined were divided into the...
The 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of representative members of the family Peptococcaceae were determined. The members of the family examined were divided into the following four phylogenetic groups: Peptococcus niger ATCC 27731T (T = type strain), the Sarcina-Peptostreptococcus anaerobius group, the ruminococcus-coprococcus group, and the peptostreptococcus group. Peptococcus niger, the type species of the family, was not related to other members of the family. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius ATCC 27337T, the type strain of the type species of the genus Peptostreptococcus, was closely related to Clostridium sordellii NCIB 10717T (level of sequence similarity, 85%). Sarcina ventriculi GIFU 7886, a spore-forming anaerobic gram-positive coccus, clustered with Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124T at a similarity value of 91%. Members of the Sarcina-Peptostreptococcus anaerobius group clustered with clostridia at similarity values ranging from 85 to 91%. The type strains of Peptostreptococcus prevotii, Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Peptostreptococcus magnus clustered at levels of sequence homology of 84 to 93%. This cluster was not included in the Peptococcus niger group or the Peptostreptococcus anaerobius group. Thus, these members of the genus Peptostreptococcus should be separated from the other members of the genus and also from members of the family Peptococcaceae. The sequence of Peptostreptococcus productus ATCC 27340T was different from the sequences of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Peptococcus niger. The sequence of Streptococcus hansenii ATCC 27752T, a strictly anaerobic strain, was different from the sequences of other streptococci; this strain clustered with Peptostreptococcus productus, coprococci, and ruminococci. Several phenotypic characteristics of Streptococcus hansenii ATCC 27752T were similar to characteristics of ruminococci.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Base Sequence; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Molecular Sequence Data; Peptococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 8123556
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-44-1-130