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Journal of Sex Research 2019Much of the research on sexual attitudes has focused on biological sex as a predictor variable. This work has consistently demonstrated that men are more permissive in...
Much of the research on sexual attitudes has focused on biological sex as a predictor variable. This work has consistently demonstrated that men are more permissive in attitudes toward casual sex than are women. Less is known, however, about how other individual difference variables may shape sexual attitudes. In this research, we considered whether self-construal (whether one believes that others are or are not part of their self-concept) influences people's attitudes toward casual sex. Specifically, we posited that an independent self-construal is positively related to, and an interdependent self-construal is negatively related to, sexual permissiveness. Two cross-sectional studies (s = 517 and 212) yielded support for these hypotheses. We further considered autonomy as a potential process variable. A mediation analysis revealed that self-construal was related to autonomy, which in turn positively predicted sexual attitudes and drove this association. We integrate these findings into the literature on sexual attitudes and discuss theoretical insights derived from our findings.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Attitude; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Permissiveness; Personal Autonomy; Sexual Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 29746189
DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1465884 -
Journal of Adolescence Dec 2018There are concerns that pornography use increases adolescents' sexual permissiveness, leading to sexual risk-taking. In contrast to most longitudinal explorations of the...
INTRODUCTION
There are concerns that pornography use increases adolescents' sexual permissiveness, leading to sexual risk-taking. In contrast to most longitudinal explorations of the relationship between adolescent pornography use and sexual permissiveness, which were carried out in highly liberal and permissive societies, we aimed to re-assess the target relationship in a more traditional, highly religious society.
METHODS
Informed by the social learning and selective exposure theoretical underpinnings, we used two independent panels of Croatian female and male adolescents (on average 16 years old) to assess the association over 18 and 24 months. Online surveying was used in the Zagreb (n = 372) and classroom-based surveying in the Rijeka panels (n = 753).
RESULTS
Participants reported relatively low levels of permissiveness, but substantial pornography use-particularly adolescent men. Contrary to earlier studies, we observed no significant paths leading from pornography use to sexual permissiveness. The paths leading from sexual permissiveness to pornography use were significant only among female participants in the Zagreb sample and male participants in the Rijeka sample. However, significant and positive covariances between the two constructs suggested the role of unobserved variables.
CONCLUSIONS
In line with the selective exposure hypothesis and the integrative models, this study's findings challenge the notion that pornography use increases sexual permissiveness among adolescents. Although this is reassuring, comprehensive sexuality education and media literacy programs remain important tasks for educational policy in the Information age.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Croatia; Erotica; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Permissiveness; Sexual Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 30265879
DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.09.006 -
Atencion Primaria 2002To analyse the television customs of adolescents between 10 and 14 years old in our care environment, in order to work out special educational programmes. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the television customs of adolescents between 10 and 14 years old in our care environment, in order to work out special educational programmes.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study. Systematic random sampling.
SETTING
Primary care, urban setting.
PARTICIPANTS
Sample of 280 healthy adolescents between 10 and 14 years old (148 men and 132 women).
MAIN MEASUREMENTS
Questionnaire with 7 questions on television habits filled in by one of every three young people in the health examination for their age-group during the 2000-2001 school year.
RESULTS
70.9% watched television (TV) since before the age of 3; 71.4% of homes had two or more TV; 20.7% had TV in their bed-rooms. 43.6% were accustomed to watching TV without adult company. 98.1% watched TV every day of the week. Time devoted to watching TV was 119 minutes every working day (Monday to Friday) and 186 minutes at the week-ends (Saturday and Sunday). In addition, 76.4% also watched TV at one of the day's meals, especially the evening meal.
CONCLUSIONS
TV is treated in our homes with enormous permissiveness. Children are given easy access from a very early age: TV is placed in bed-rooms and the contents watched are hardly controlled at all. In consequence, adolescents' TV consumption is excessive and indiscriminate.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Age Factors; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Permissiveness; Primary Health Care; Sex Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Television; Time Factors; Urban Population
PubMed: 12139854
DOI: 10.1016/s0212-6567(02)78998-1 -
Iowa Medicine : Journal of the Iowa... Nov 1995
Topics: Assertiveness; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Permissiveness
PubMed: 8530251
DOI: No ID Found -
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) May 1999The cellular tropism of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important but much debated issue. Permissivity to HCV of biliary cells has never been demonstrated. In this...
The cellular tropism of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important but much debated issue. Permissivity to HCV of biliary cells has never been demonstrated. In this context, we used gallbladder epithelial cells (GBEC) as a model of the more proximal biliary epithelium. These cells were isolated from HCV-positive and -negative individuals and cultured for up to 40 days. Biliary cells from HCV-negative subjects were infected in vitro with various inocula. The retention of GBEC functional characteristics was assessed by the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). All 12 GBEC tested from HCV-negative patients were successfully infected by HCV. This was assessed by: 1) the detection of HCV-RNA positive and negative strands; 2) the detection of the viral capsid by immunofluorescence; and 3) the combination of single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and HVR1 sequence analysis demonstrating the distinct majoritary HCV genomes in serum and in GBEC. The level of HCV RNA in cell extracts and supernatants was low, but HCV infection was highly reproducible. Our results expand those showing the cellular tropism of HCV, and demonstrate the sensitivity of biliary cells to HCV infection. This might have an important impact in terms of pathogenesis and pathological features of HCV infection. In addition, given the easy access to these cells and the high reproducibility of in vitro infection, they should constitute an important tool for studies aimed at analyzing the issue of HCV penetration and neutralizing antibodies.
Topics: Base Sequence; Biliary Tract; Cell Extracts; Cells, Cultured; Disease Susceptibility; Epithelial Cells; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; RNA, Viral
PubMed: 10216147
DOI: 10.1002/hep.510290527 -
Cellular Microbiology Feb 2010Legionella pneumophila has become a model system to decipher the non-apoptotic functions of caspases and their role in immunity. In permissive cells, the L.... (Review)
Review
Legionella pneumophila has become a model system to decipher the non-apoptotic functions of caspases and their role in immunity. In permissive cells, the L. pneumophila-containing vacuole evades endosomal traffic and is remodelled by the endoplasmic reticulum. Evasion of the endosomes is mediated by the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system. Upon L. pneumophila infection of genetically restrictive cells such as wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6J murine macrophages, flagellin is sensed by the NOD-like receptor Nlrc4 leading to caspase-1 activation by the inflammasome complex. Then, caspase-7 is activated downstream of the Nlrc4 inflammasome, promoting non-apoptotic functions such as L. pneumophila-containing phagosome maturation and bacterial degradation. Interestingly, caspase-3 is activated in permissive cells during early stages of infection. However, caspase-3 activation does not lead to apoptosis until late stages of infection because it is associated with potent Dot/Icm-mediated anti-apoptotic stimuli that render the infected cells resistant to external apoptotic inducers. Therefore, the role of caspase-1 and non-apoptotic functions of executioner caspases are temporally and spatially modulated during infection by L. pneumophila, which determine permissiveness to intracellular bacterial proliferation. This review will examine the novel activation pathways of caspases by L. pneumophila and discuss their role in genetic restriction and permissiveness to infection.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Bacterial Proteins; Caspase 1; Caspase 3; Caspase 7; Caspases; Legionella pneumophila; Models, Biological; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 19863553
DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2009.01401.x -
Current Nutrition Reports Mar 2020The childhood obesity epidemic is widely considered to have reached pandemic proportions. Across the world, children with obesity are facing numerous psychological and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The childhood obesity epidemic is widely considered to have reached pandemic proportions. Across the world, children with obesity are facing numerous psychological and physiological issues that follow them into adulthood, frequently leading to chronic illness and early death. In an effort to combat the compounding effects of childhood overweight, researchers are attempting to identify biological and environmental contributors to child weight. Parenting styles are one recognized influence on child diet and body mass index (BMI). This review is a comprehensive examination of the literature on the influence of parenting style on childhood diet and BMI over the past 5 years.
RECENT FINDINGS
Current research continues to support the use of traditional parenting style categories (i.e., authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, uninvolved/neglectful): however, newer subcategories of Baumrind's styles and the inclusion of previously underrepresented groups (e.g., fathers, cross cultural comparison studies) are shedding more light on the nuance of parenting's relationship with child weight. Parenting styles that focus on the balance of warmth and control (e.g., authoritative) in contrast to the styles dedicated to only one of these constructs (e.g., permissive, authoritarian) seem to promote the healthiest dietary habits and may be protective of child BMI.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Authoritarianism; Body Mass Index; Child; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Pediatric Obesity; Permissiveness; Role
PubMed: 31960342
DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00301-9 -
Child Development Mar 1959
Topics: Adult; Aggression; Behavior; Child; Family; Humans; Permissiveness; Play and Playthings; Projective Techniques
PubMed: 13629745
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Pathology Dec 2008Lack of expression of neurofibromin in neurofibromatosis 1 and its lethal derivative, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), is thought to result in the...
Lack of expression of neurofibromin in neurofibromatosis 1 and its lethal derivative, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), is thought to result in the overactivation of the Ras signaling pathway. Our previous studies have shown that cells with overactivation in the Ras pathway are more permissive to infection with herpes simplex virus 1 and its mutant version R3616. In this study, we show that among five different mouse MPNST cell lines, only the ones with elevated levels of Ras signaling are highly permissive to infection with oncolytic herpes G207. Specific inhibitors of the Ras, ERK, and JNK pathways all reduced the synthesis of viral proteins in MPNST cells. The cell lines that contained lower levels of Ras and decreased activation of downstream signaling components underwent an enhancement in apoptosis upon exposure to G207. Additionally, mouse SW10 Schwann cells were able to become infected by parental herpes but were found to be resistant to G207. The immortalization of these cell lines with the expression of SV40 large T antigen increased the levels of Ras activation and permissiveness to oncolytic herpes. A Ras/Raf kinase inhibitor reduced the synthesis of both herpes simplex virus-1 and G207 proteins in SW10 cells. The results of this study, therefore, introduce Ras signaling as a divergent turning point for the response of MPNST cells to an assault by oncolytic herpes.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Enzyme Activation; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Mice; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms; Oncolytic Viruses; Signal Transduction; Virus Replication; ras Proteins
PubMed: 18988803
DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080376 -
Comprehensive Psychiatry Feb 1960
Topics: Humans; Permissiveness; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 13791671
DOI: 10.1016/s0010-440x(60)80049-1